The determination of trace metals in human fluids and tissues : Part 1. Estimation of “Normal Values” for Copper,Zinc, Cadmium and Manganese in Blood Serum and Liver Tissue

The procedures for the determination of copper, zinc, cadmium and manganese in human blood serum and liver tissue with use of flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry are presented and discussed. The procedures were applied for the estimation of “normal” levels of these elements in human serum and liver tissue.     

Comparison of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry of the metal content of sewage sludge with flame atomic absorption spectrometry in conjunction with different pretreatment methods

Determination of the metal content of sewage sludges is of increasing importance in order to assess the suitability of the sludge for disposal to agricultural land. The methods currently used for the determination of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc are time-consuming. A rapid electrothermal atomic absorption procedure with homogenization as the only pretreatment is compared with wet and dry pretreatment methods followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in a statistically designed experiment. The precision of the rapid electrothermal atomic absorption procedure compares well with flame atomic absorption in conjunction with all pretreatment methods used. Time saved by the use of this method is substantial; the procedure could be used advantageously for routine analysis.     

饲料添加剂中铜和锰的原子吸收光谱直接测定方法

报道了用次灵敏线原子吸收光谱法直接测定饲料添加剂（预混料）中高含量铜、锰的分析方法；解决了以往高铜、锰预混合饲料测定中，由于称样量小，稀释倍数过大所引起的分析误差；方法简便、快速、实用性强，已广泛应用于实际饲料预混料样品的分析，获得满意结果。     

猪胰脏中铁钙镁铜铅锌镉锰钴镍的测定

采用硝酸－过氧化氢在自动回流消化仪中消化猪胰脏,火焰原子吸收光度法测定铁、钙、镁、铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、钴、镍的含量。,方法简便,快速,结果令人满意,并对猪胰脏食用价值进行了评价。     

广东地产中药中几种重金属元素的含量测定

通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法对十三种广东地产中药中锰、镍、锌、铜、铅和镉等重金属元素含量进行了测定 ,以初步了解广东地产中药的重金属含量情况     

Direct determination of selenium in a wild fruit juice by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A matrix modifier composed of platinum and nickel is proposed for the determination of selenium in a wild fruit juice made from Lantingguo (Vuccinium uliginosam). Five matrix modifiers (copper/nickel, palladium/magnesium, platinum/magnesium, platinum/nickel and platinum/copper) for suppressing the interference effects of seven co-existing elements (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and iron) in a wild juice were studied and a matrix modifier composed fro;m 10 mug of platinum and 200 mug of nickel was found to give the best performance. Selenium in three juices was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry employing the proposed matrix modifier without matrix preseparation. The relative standard deviation was 14% for 0.20 mg l(-1) of selenium. The recoveries were 95-110%. A characteristic mass was 28 pg.     

Use of masking agents in the determination of lead in tap water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with flow injection pre-concentration

The selectivity of immobilised 8-hydroxyquinoline for lead is shown to be improved by the use of masking agents during pre-concentration, prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Interference by iron, copper, aluminium and zinc is suppressed by including triethanolamine, thiourea, fluoride, acetylacetone or cyanide in the buffer as masking agents. Species such as iron or copper can completely prevent the pre-concentration of lead. This is shown to be overcome by using a buffer consisting of 0.2 M boric acid, 2% triethanolamine, 2% thiourea and 2% acetylacetone, even when the interfering species is in a 200-fold excess over lead. Recoveries from tap water samples, to which various amounts of lead had been added, ranged from 94 to 108%. Results of analyses of tap water samples using this method were in good agreement with those obtained by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Sampling and analytical methods for the determination of copper,cadmium, zinc,and nickel at the nanogram per liter level in sea water

Sea-water samples collected by a variety of clean sampling techniques yielded consistent results for copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel, which implies that representative, uncontaminated samples were obtained. A dithiocarbamate extraction method coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry and electrothermal atomization is described which is essentially 100% quantitative for each of the four metals studied, has lower blanks and detection limits, and yields better precision than previously published techniques. A more precise and accurate determination of these metals in sea water at their natural ng l^-1 concentration levels is therefore possible. Samples analyzed by this procedure and by concentration on Chelex-100 showed similar results for cadmium and zinc. Both copper and nickel appeared to be inefficiently removed from sea water by Chelex-100. Comparison of the organic extraction results with other pertinent investigations showed excellent agreement.     

Determination of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in cemented tungsten carbides with cobalt as a binder by FAAS: Matrix effect control by multivariate technique

A new approach for the determination of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in cemented tungsten carbides with cobalt as a binder by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) is reported. Real samples were dissolved in phosphoric, hydrochloric and nitric acid. PTFE bomb or alternatively small amounts of HF were used for the enhancement of the recovery of the elements investigated. Synthetic samples were used for interference studies. Multiple linear regression was applied for the control of matrix effects and it proved to be very effective in the search for interfering elements. Using simple acid based standards, all investigated elements could be determined sequentially in a complex matrix by using an appropriate method of calculation. The method described has been succesfully applied to real type commercial samples. Results were compared with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), being in good agreement with each other and having relative standard deviations better than 5%.     

Precision and Accuracy Studies of Impaction-Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract

The precision of aqueous solutions of cadmium, copper, and manganese introduced as an aerosol by an pneumatic nebulizer and electrothermal vaporizer to an impaction-electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometeric system was in the range of 1–3% which was similar to that obtained by manual introduction of similar concentrations of aqueous solutions of cadmium, copper, and manganese to the electrothermal atomizer and atomic absorption spectrometry. The precision of a laboratory air sample was 7.6–9.9%. Accuracy was assessed by comparison to conventional methods of sampling air by collection on a filter followed by digestion of the filter and analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry The levels were found to be 59–69% compared to the conventional method.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定莲子中的微量元素

莲子经过硝酸、高氯酸处理后，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了莲子中的镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、钴、钾、钙等金属元素含量。此法快速、简单，结果准确。     

Determination of trace elements in biological tissues by aluminum block digestion and spike-height flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A method for the determination of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in biological tissues using small volumes of digest is described. An aluminium heating block is used to digest samples and elements are determined by spike-height flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Interferences have been assessed and the sample decomposition procedure evaluated.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中铜、锌、铬含量

红土镍矿样品用盐酸、硝酸分解,残渣用焦硫酸钾熔融,在稀盐酸介质中,采用氘灯扣除背景,分别用原子吸收光谱仪于波长324.8,213.9,357.9 nm处,使用空气–乙炔火焰,测量铜、锌、铬的含量。在最佳实验条件下,铜、锌、铬的质量浓度分别在0.50～2.50,0.30～1.50,0.50～4.50 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数r分别为0.9986,0.9943,0.9942。方法检出限铜为0.0067 mg/L,锌为0.0010 mg/L,铬为0.0014 mg/L,加标回收率为95.0%～105.7%。精密度试验验证铜、锌、铬的含量分别在0.01%～0.50%,0.01%～1.00%,0.01%～4.00%范围内重复性和再现性较好。此方法适合于红土镍矿中铜、锌、铬含量的测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗锌中的铜

建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗锌中的铜含量。采用硝酸–酒石酸溶解样品,并以其为测定溶液介质,检测波长为324.7 nm,以水为参比,采用空气–乙炔火焰以原子吸收光谱仪进行测定。在优化的实验条件下,铜的质量浓度在0.10~2.50μg/m L范围内与吸光度有良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7,方法检出限为0.01μg/m L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.0%~3.0%(n=11),样品加标回收率为97%~102%。该方法具有灵敏度高,干扰少,重现性好等优点,适用于铜含量在0.001%~0.50%之间的粗锌中铜的测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定陶瓷绝缘子镀液中的锌、铜、铁

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行镉镍电池陶瓷绝缘子镀液中锌、铜、铁含量的连续测定。在优化条件下．该方法灵敏度高，干扰小，选择性和重现性好，步骤简单，操作容易，分析周期短。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于1．0％，加标回收率为97．0％～99．0％。该法适用于镉镍电池陶瓷绝缘子镀液中锌、铜、铁含量的现场控制分析和样品系统分析。     

Rapid and simple method for the determination of copper, manganese and zinc in rat liver by direct flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

An acidic homogenate method, which includes simple homogenization pre-treatment of tissue material and direct nebulization flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), is successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of copper, manganese and zinc in rat liver. The proposed method involves only a few steps for sample pre-treatment at room temperature, making the risk of systematic errors very small. Because recoveries of 101% for copper, 98% for manganese and 100% for zinc could be achieved using aqueous standards, matrix-matched standards were redundant. Favourable results obtained in biological media, including limits of detection of 0.04, 0.03 and 0.04 mg l-1 for Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively, together with accuracies of 0-3%, and relative standard deviations ranging from 2 to 10% are further evidence of the suitability of the method.     

火焰原子吸收法测定竹荪中的微量元素

使用灰化法处理样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了竹荪中的钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量。结果显示,竹荪中含有丰富的铁、锰、铜、锌4种人体必需微量元素。加标回收率为93.2%~103.2%,该法测定快速、简单,结果满意。     

Reduction des interferences sur la determination des metaux lourds dans les sediments de cours d'eau et les boues de stations d'epuration par spectrometrie d'absorption atomique en four graphite

(Reduction of interferences in the determination of trace heavy metals in river sediments and sewage sludges by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.)The interferences of synthetic matrices of river sediments and sewage sludges in the determination of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium and nickel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry were studied; Pb, Cd and Ni were the most sensitive to interferences. The effects of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids were tested; perchloric acid was found to interfere most during the determinations. Hydrofluoric acid must be eliminated by evaporation. Techniques for reducing chemical interferences were evaluated. The best method was found to be matrix modification with ammonium dihydrogenphosphate and ascorbic acid for the determination of lead and nickel, and rapid heating (Max Power) for the determination of cadmium. Determinants of copper and chromium were less prone to interference.     

The determination of some toxic metals in human liver as a guide to normal levels in New Zealand. Part I. Determination of Bi, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Ag, T1 and Zn.

Procedures are described for the determination of bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, thallium and zinc in post-mortem liver samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. The technique involves a simple HCl/HNO₃ digestion at 100 ±20 °C, gives good recoveries and appears to be applicable to other tissues, and blood. Results of analyses of post-mortem material from eleven subjects with no known exposure to toxic metals, are presented. They are comparable with overseas findings and show no excessive levels.     

测定微量血清铜、锌的新方法

报道了单用重蒸馏氏倍稀释微量血清后,直接采用ＰＥ４００型原子吸收仪,ＨＧＡ７００型石墨炉,测定血清中铜,锌浓度的新方法。本法用血量少,只用重蒸馏水稀释,标本不易受污染,测定结果稳定,与标准的火焰原子吸收法测定结果有很好的相关性。本法可提高微量法测定铜,锌浓度的准确性,有助于末梢血微量元素测定方法在临床的推广,尤其适用于儿科病儿及需反复测定多种元素的病人。