Substoichiometric Isotope Dilution Analysis for the Determination of Iron in Biological Materials and Comparison with Substoichiometric Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis for the determination of trace iron has been studied by using synergistic extraction of iron(III) with a substoichiometric amount of 4-isopropyltropolone (Hipt) in the presence of an excess of 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) in heptane. Optimum conditions for the substoichiometric extraction of iron(III) in g to sub-g levels were examined and the high selectivity for iron(III) toward various metal ions encountered in the analysis of biological materials was confirmed. The present method was applied to a biological reference material (NIES, CRM No.9, sargasso) without any pre-separation and was successfully evaluated. Furthermore, substoichiometric stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry using the present extraction method was also used with the above sample. Applicability and practicability was compared for both substoichiometric methods.     

同位素稀释-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大米中的甲基汞

目前国标方法GB 5009.17—2021测量样品中甲基汞(含量≤0.1 mg/kg)的精密度为20%、定量限为0.02 mg/kg,对于定量限以下的样品检测存在困难;为了能精确地测量国家食品安全检测领域关注的甲基汞污染物,通过在样品中加入同位素稀释剂后以GB 5009.17—2021国标方法进行样品前处理,以液相色谱分离出汞形态,用ICP-MS检测同位素比值,考虑质量歧视效应后以同位素稀释质谱法定量,建立了同位素稀释-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定大米样品中甲基汞含量的方法。当样品中甲基汞含量在0.01~0.03 mg/kg时,方法的精密度为0.3%~22.8%,不确定度U为0.002~0.004 mg/kg,k=2。以鱼肉中总汞与甲基汞成分分析标准物质(GBW10029)作为质控样,测定得到三种大米样品中甲基汞含量(以Hg计)分别为(8±2)、(24±3)、(19±4) ng/g,经过不确定度评估后表明方法的准确度较高;质控样(GBW10029)甲基汞的证书值(以Hg计)为 (0.84±0.03) mg/kg,而测量结果为(0.83±0.08) mg/kg,对质控样的测量结果说明该方法可靠;同位素稀释法将浓度的测量转换成同位素的丰度比的测量,可避免前处理过程带来的误差,同位素稀释与质谱结合可用于大米中甲基汞的高精度分析。     

同位素稀释-火花源质谱法分析人参样品中微量元素

本文采用同位素稀释-火花源质谱法定量分析了吉林野山参,园参及高丽参中30多种微量元素的含量。测定下限2μg/g,相对标准偏差在5～28％以内。     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

提出了同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物含量的方法。样品用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1+1)混合液提取后,经DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子反应监测模式进行质谱测定,同位素内标法进行定量分析。23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的线性范围在0.2~3.0mg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.05~0.1mg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在73.2%~122%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.49%~11%之间。     

Ligand Dilution Analysis Facilitates Aptamer Binding Characterization at the Single-Molecule Level

Cell-specific aptamers offer a powerful tool to study membrane receptors at the single-molecule level. Most target receptors of aptamers are highly expressed on the cell surface, but difficult to analyze in situ because of dense distribution and fast velocity. Therefore, we herein propose a random sampling-based analysis strategy termed ligand dilution analysis (LDA) for easily implemented aptamer-based receptor study. Receptor density on the cell surface can be calculated based on a regression model. By using a synergistic ligand dilution design, colocalization and differentiation of aptamer and monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding on a single receptor can be realized. Once this is accomplished, precise binding site and detailed aptamer-receptor binding mode can be further determined using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The ligand dilution strategy also sets the stage for an aptamer-based dynamics analysis of two- and three-dimensional motion and fluctuation of highly expressed receptors on the live cell membrane.     

同位素稀释质谱法测定国际比对水样中的铅

使用热表面电离质谱，采用同位素稀释质谱法测定国际物质量咨询委员会组织的第三次国际比对研究样中的铜样品中的铅，浓缩的＾２０６Ｐｂ稀释剂分用两种不同浓度的天然丰度的Ｐｂ标准溶液标定。然后用它作稀释剂。测量ＣＣＱＭ比对样品扣 铅，测定结果是０．０５００７２±０．００００９１μｍｏｌ／ｇ，与其他国家提供的数据相比，被组织证实为最佳。     

同位素稀释-HRGC-LRMS法测定环境样品中二噁英类多氯联苯

多氯联苯(PCBS)是一类具有209种同类物的高毒性、难降解、强脂溶性和生物累积性的持久性有机污染物,自从1966年Jensen首次在鹰和鲱鱼中发现PCBs后,现在已在世界各地不同的环境介质中都发现有PCBs的存在。早在20世纪70～80年代国际上就开发了一些环境样品中PCBs的分析方法。但这些方法基本上基于某一种或几种商业PCBs混合物来对环境中多氯联苯类物质进行评价的,由于该商业PCBs是数十种或上百种PCBs的混合物,所评价的对象中PCBs的结果并不能准确反映其环境危害性。另一     

Using NAA to the Determination of Antimony in Trichlorosilane with Substoichiometric Extraction

Neutron activation analysis has been applied to the determination of trace of antimony based on the substoichiometric extraction of Sb(III) with BPHA (N-benzoyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine). The antimony contens in trichlorosilane or high purity silicon can be determined by the proposed method down to ppb range. The effect of acid concentration, shaking time, the amount of carrier and the decontamination factors were studied.     

质谱同位素稀释法测定粉煤灰中痕量Eu

以~(151)Eu作稀释剂,质谱同位素稀释法(IDMS)测定了粉煤灰中痕量Eu。通过降低Eu空白获得了较低的检出限。方法检出限为8.7×10~(-10)gEu,精密度为±2%。     

Isotope Dilution Analysis of Exchangeable Water in Coal,Coal Char,and Activated Coal Char

Abstract

Isotope dilution analysis techniques were employed for the determination of the quantity of exchangeable water in moist subbituminous coal, non-activated coal and activated coal char; the latter two products were prepared from the subbituminous coal used in this study.     

流动注射同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钐

提出了一种利用流动注射同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中钐的方法。在采样体积为300μL的条件下，该法灵敏度较连续雾化进样提高了近4倍，分析速度为60样／min，检出限为0．42μg/L。     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定植物与人发标准物质中的铅

建立了同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)测定铅的方法.考察和讨论了仪器参数对同位素比值测定的影响,优化了仪器的数据采样参数.利用内标Tl对质量歧视、系统漂移进行了校正.讨论了同位素浓缩剂加入量对最终浓度测定值的不确定度的影响.将该方法应用于植物标准物质和人发标准物质的测定,结果令人满意.     

同位素分析的计算方法

在许多没有高分辩质谱的条件下,通过同位素分析可以迅速确认化合物或碎片离子的元素组成。化合物或碎片离子元素组成的确定,对解析它们的结构具有重要意义。为了能够通过同位素分析准确获得元素的组成,必须要求同位素丰度的测量准确。而同位素分析的准确度,不仅同仪器的性质有关;也同其丰度的强弱相关,有时离子的丰度太弱就不适合进行同位素分析。同时要求同位素的丰度不能受其它断裂过程产生的碎片离子干扰,否则不能够得到正确的元素组成结果。因此     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析降尘中铂族元素

选取(195)Pt和(108)Pd为待测同位素,(196)pt和(105)Pd为富集同位素,同位素稀释电感耦合等离子质谱法(ID-ICP-MS)测定降尘样品中(195)Pt/(196)Pt和(108)Pd/(105)Pd比值,分析样品中Pt和Pd含量.利用Dowex AG50W-8阳离子交换和N-苯甲酰-N苯基羟胺(B...     

Sulfur determination in coal using molecular absorption in graphite filter vaporizer

The vaporization of sulfur containing samples in graphite vaporizers for atomic absorption spectrometry is accompanied by modification of sulfur by carbon and, respectively, appearance at high temperature of structured molecular absorption in 200-210 nm wavelength range. It has been proposed to employ the spectrum for direct determination of sulfur in coal; soundness of the suggestion is evaluated by analysis of coal slurry using low resolution CCD spectrometer with continuum light source coupled to platform or filter furnace vaporizers. For coal in platform furnace losses of the analyte at low temperature and strong spectral background from the coal matrix hinder the determination. Both negative effects are significantly reduced in filter furnace, in which sample vapor efficiently interacts with carbon when transferred through the heated graphite filter. The method is verified by analysis of coals with sulfur content within 0.13-1.5% (m/m) range. The use of coal certified reference material for sulfur analyte addition to coal slurry permitted determination with random error 5-12%. Absolute and relative detection limits for sulfur in coal are 0.16 μg and 0.02 mass%, respectively.     

痕量铼的同位素稀释中子活化分析

将同位素稀释法的准确性与中子活性分析（ＮＡＡ）的高灵敏度相结合，建立了一种新的痕量铼的测试方法，实验中对Ｒｅ的检出限为０．００４ｎｇ，全流程空白为０．０５ｎｇ，地于Ｒｅ含量为６４ｎｇ／ｇ的样品，在取样量为５０ｍｇ时，单次测定误差（２σ）为３．１％，测定Ｒｅ一为３０ｎｇ／ｇ的样品，本方法的２σ在３％以内，４次分析的ＲＳＤ为４．１％，而采用一般的ＮＡＡ，结果偏低约２０％，并且ＲＳＤ大于５％。     

Isotope dilution ICP-MS with laser-assisted sample introduction for direct determination of sulfur in petroleum products

Inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) with direct laser-assisted introduction of isotope-diluted samples into the plasma, using a laser ablation system with high ablation rates, was developed for accurate sulfur determinations in different petroleum products such as sulfur-free premium gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. Two certified gas oil reference materials were analyzed for method validation. Two different ³⁴S-enriched spike compounds, namely, elementary sulfur dissolved in xylene and dibenzothiophene in hexane, were synthesized and tested for their usefulness in this isotope dilution technique. The isotope-diluted sample was adsorbed on a filter-paper-like material, which was fixed in a special holder for irradiation by the laser beam. Under these conditions no time-dependent spike/analyte fractionation was only observed for the dibenzothiophene spike during the laser ablation process, which means that the measured ³⁴S/³²S isotope ratio of the isotope-diluted sample remained constant—a necessary precondition for accurate results with the isotope dilution technique. A comparison of LA-ICP-IDMS results with the certified values of the gas oil reference materials and with results obtained from ICP-IDMS analyses with wet sample digestion demonstrated the accuracy of the new LA-ICP-IDMS method in the concentration range of 9.2 g g^–1 (sulfur-free premium gasoline) to 10.4 mg g^–1 (gas oil reference material BCR 107). The detection limit for sulfur by LA-ICP-IDMS is 0.04 g g^–1 and the analysis time is only about 10 min, which therefore also qualifies this method for accurate determinations of low sulfur contents in petroleum products on a routine level.This article is dedicated to Wilhelm Fresenius who has continuously supported the academic career of Klaus G. Heumann and the analytical work of his group.