从米糠中制取植酸的工艺研究现状及其进展

植酸是一种重要的精细化工产品,在许多领域有广泛的用途。文章对近几年来从米糠中制取植酸的工艺研究的现状和进展进行了综述,以期待更好地开发和利用植酸。     

基于植酸改性的羽毛吸附材料的制备及其性能

以含环氧基的羽毛接枝共聚物(Feather-g-PGMA)为原料、植酸(PA)为改性剂,利用环氧基的开环反应,将PA中的磷酸根基团引入到Feather-g-PGMA表面,制得含有高密度磷酸根的羽毛吸附材料。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)和X衍射图谱(XRD)对改性前后的羽毛进行表征。重点研究了羽毛吸附材料的制备过程及其吸附量的主要影响因素。结果表明:PA成功改性了Feather-g-PGMA。当PA体积分数为25%、温度为70℃、时间为4h时,改性条件最佳。制备的羽毛吸附材料与Pb~(2+)之间可产生配位作用,对Pb~(2+)有强吸附力,吸附容量可达54.4mg/g。与羽毛相比,热稳定性下降;与Feather-g-PGMA相比,热稳定性增强。     

Determination of Acid Dissociation Constants of Neamine by Potentiometric and Electrospray Mass Spectral Techniques

The acid dissociation constants of neamine have been measured using potentiometric titrations. The pK_a1, pK_a2, and pK_a3 values of neamine are 6.35 ± 0.2, 7.73 ± 0.15, and 8.62 ± 0.08, respectively. Neamine is readily characterized using positive-ion electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). Various protonated species and their solvated ions are mainly observed. Nevertheless, the abundances of the observed speciation over the pH range 5.0–9.8 do not reflect the variation in the bulk solution. Hence, reaction quotients determined from the ESI–MS investigations vary significantly from the pK_a's determined from potentiometric titrations, thereby illustrating that care must be taken in determining thermodynamic properties using the former technique.     

铈（Ⅲ）,铈（Ⅳ）与植酸生成的固态配合物的研究

铈（Ⅲ）、铈（Ⅳ）与植酸生成的固态配合物的研究黎晓霞杨瑛＊刘建民杨汝栋（兰州大学化学系兰州７３００００）关键词铈（Ⅲ），铈（Ⅳ），植酸，固态配合物１９９６－１１－２０收稿，１９９７－０５－２６修回植酸（Ｈ１２ＩＨＰ）作为沉淀剂已被用于Ｔｈ４＋的定量测...     

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Study of Self‐assembled Monolayer of Phytic Acid on Brass

Phytic acid is an environment-friendly reagent for processing metals. The anticorrosion and inhibiting mechanism for phytic acid monolayers self-assembled on a brass (HSn70-1) electrode has been investigated by using electrochemical and photocurrent response methods. The electrochemical measurements indicate that phytic acid is liable to form surface complexes on the brass electrode, and the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) change the structure of the electric double-layer and shift the potential of zero charge positively. The photochemical measurement indicates that the brass electrode shows a p-type photoresponse owing to the formation of a Cu2O layer on its surface, and the presence of SAM weakens significantly the photoresponse, suggesting an excellent effect on anticorrosion, which is consistent with the EIS and polarization curve measurements. Adsorption of phytic acid was found to be typical of chemisorption, which can be reasonably described on the basis of the Langmuir isotherm.     

Surface Modulation of Iron-doped MoS2 Nanosheets by Phytic Acid for Enhanced Water Oxidation

Surface modulation and heteroatom doping are important approaches for boosting the electrocatalytic performances of MoS₂ nanosheets. As a molecular electrocatalyst, the natural organic phytic acid (PA) offer attractive intermediate for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a surface modulation strategy is demonstrated through the decoration of PA onto the basal plane of iron (Fe)-doped MoS₂ nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NF) for boosted OER activity. Experimental results indicate that the PA modification and Fe doping could effectively boost the charge transfer and mass transport during the OER process. Specially, PA2-Fe−MoS₂ grown on NF (PA2-Fe−MoS₂/NF) exhibits excellent OER activity (218 mV@20 mA cm⁻²) and durability, even superior to RuO₂ and many other previously reported OER catalysts. This natural organic molecule modification provides a facile strategy to designing low-cost and efficient electrocatalytic materials.     

三烷基混合叔胺-正辛醇-磺化煤油萃取菜籽粕酸脱毒液中的植酸

用三烷基混合叔胺(N235)-正辛醇-磺化煤油从菜籽粕酸脱毒废液中萃取植酸,研究了水相pH值、植酸浓度、N235浓度对植酸分配比的影响。 确定萃取植酸的最佳条件为：初始pH=3.0、N235的浓度0.17 mol/L、正辛醇浓度0.48 mol/L、相比R为5∶1、萃取时间5 min,对0.02 mol/L标准植酸溶液的萃取率为95.2%。 以0.25 mol/L NaOH溶液为反萃取剂,在相比5∶2下反萃取5 min,三级反萃取总收率达到82.6%。 实验证明加入正辛醇可提高N235萃取植酸的分配比,可能与正辛醇和N235形成“分子簇”结构产生协同萃取有关。     

植酸中无机磷的极谱测定

本文研究了W-Sb-P三元杂多酸的极谱行为,并建立了微量磷的极谱测定方法。该方法有较高的灵敏度,可应用于植酸中无机磷的分析,可以不经分离直接测定。     

A Phytic Acid Induced Super‐Amphiphilic Multifunctional 3D Graphene‐Based Foam

Surfaces with super‐amphiphilicity have attracted tremendous interest for fundamental and applied research owing to their special affinity to both oil and water. It is generally believed that 3D graphenes are monoliths with strongly hydrophobic surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a 3D super‐amphiphilic (that is, highly hydrophilic and oleophilic) graphene‐based assembly in a single‐step using phytic acid acting as both a gelator and as a dopant. The product shows both hydrophilic and oleophilic intelligence, and this overcomes the drawbacks of presently known hydrophobic 3D graphene assemblies. It can absorb water and oils alike. The utility of the new material was demonstrated by designing a heterogeneous catalytic system through incorporation of a zeolite into its amphiphilic 3D scaffold. The resulting bulk network was shown to enable efficient epoxidation of alkenes without prior addition of a co‐solvent or stirring. This catalyst also can be recovered and re‐used, thereby providing a clean catalytic process with simplified work‐up.     

丙酮酸和苯甲酰甲酸热分解反应的速率常数

用从头算方法在6-31G的水平上研究了丙酮酸和苯甲酰甲酸热分解反应的机理．反应过程中各驻点都进行MP2相关能校准．计算结果表明：这两个反应都是羟基氢经历五元环过渡态迁移到α-羰基氧上形成氢键中间体;然后氢键中间体直接分解成异构体和二氧化碳;最后异构体经历三元环过渡态异构化成相应的醛．其中氢迁是决速步骤．在MP2／6-31G／／HF／6-31G基础上,对应于这两个反应速控步骤的活化位垒分别是186．0kJ·mol-1和169．3kJ·mol-1．在传统过渡态理论的基础上,计算了这两个反应在一定温度范围内热速率常数,理论的计算结果与实验值有很好的吻合．     

Investigations for Modification of Polyacrylamide-Bentonite by Phytic Acid and its Usability in Fe3+, Zn2+ and UO2 2+ Adsorption

Composite of polyacrylamide-bentonite (PAA-B) was prepared by direct polymerisation of PAA in a suspension of bentonite (B). Adsorption and thermodynamic features of phytic acid (Phy) adsorption onto B, PAA and PAA-B, and those of Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, UO₂ ²⁺ adsorption onto PAA-B and its modification by Phy (PAA-B-Phy) have been investigated. The reusability, storagability, ion selectivity and recoverability of sorbed ions with 1 M HCl have also been considered.The chemical and physical structure of adsorbents has been characterised by means of FT-IR and XRD. All adsorption isotherms for Phy and the ions were L-type of the Giles classification except, the one which is S type for adsorption of Phy onto PAA. The maximum adsorption capacities for the ions adsorbed were in order of UO₂ ²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Zn²⁺ for PAA-B and Zn²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > UO₂ ²⁺ for PAA-B-Phy. Langmuir equilibrium constants for the adsorption of ions onto PAA-B-Phy were significantly higher than those found for PAA-B; the magnitude of increase for UO₂ ²⁺ was about 100. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption reactions are spontaneous in terms of adsorption free enthalpy.The chemical structure of PAA-B-Phy was not changed at the end of the studies of reusability and storagability. The composite was selective for UO₂ ²⁺ of the ions of interest.The composite of PAA-B and its modification by Phy have been used for the first time in this investigation. It is proposed that the composites can be practically used in the investigations and applications of adsorption.     

Analytical Methods for Determination of Phytic Acid and Other Inositol Phosphates: A Review

From the early precipitation-based techniques, introduced more than a century ago, to the latest development of enzymatic bio- and nano-sensor applications, the analysis of phytic acid and/or other inositol phosphates has never been a straightforward analytical task. Due to the biomedical importance, such as antinutritional, antioxidant and anticancer effects, several types of methodologies were investigated over the years to develop a reliable determination of these intriguing analytes in many types of biological samples; from various foodstuffs to living cell organisms. The main aim of the present work was to critically overview the development of the most relevant analytical principles, separation and detection methods that have been applied in order to overcome the difficulties with specific chemical properties of inositol phosphates, their interferences, absence of characteristic signal (e.g., absorbance), and strong binding interactions with (multivalent) metals and other biological molecules present in the sample matrix. A systematical and chronological review of the applied methodology and the detection system is given, ranging from the very beginnings of the classical gravimetric and titrimetric analysis, through the potentiometric titrations, chromatographic and electrophoretic separation techniques, to the use of spectroscopic methods and of the recently reported fluorescence and voltammetric bio- and nano-sensors.     

Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice

The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) fed high-fat diets. Sixty-four ß2 microglobulin knockout (β2m KO) mice were randomly assigned to three treatments by feeding: control (basal), atherogenic (AT), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets. One-half of the mice in each treatment group were fed 2% (wt/wt) PA. The ß2m+/+ mice (wild type (WT)) were fed a basal diet. All seven groups were fed for 10 weeks with a 50-ppm iron-containing diet (AIN-93G). Free iron and lipids were measured in serum samples. Nonheme iron, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase concentrations were measured in the liver tissue. Nonheme iron concentration in ß2m KO mice (on the basal diet) was 20× higher (p < 0.0001) than in the WT mice. Compared to the WT mice, ß2m KO mice had a significantly higher concentration of free iron in the serum (p < 0.0001), six-fold higher hepatic TBARs (p < 0.0001), and 18% lower hepatic SOD level. When PA was added to the β2m KO basal diet, a reduction (26 to 50%) of iron concentration was seen in the liver and heart. The addition of PA also significantly reduced TBARs in all three dietary groups of the iron-overloaded group, but most effectively in the control group. An increase in SOD concentration was seen only in the PUFA group, but serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration was reduced in both dietary fat groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA protects against oxidative stress-induced by genetic iron overload alone or when fed high fat.     

Potentiometric Studies on Binary and Ternary Complexes of Di- and Trivalent Metal Ions Involving Some Hydroxamic Acids, Amino Acids, and Nucleic Acid Components

Summary. Formation of binary and ternary complexes of Cu^II, Co^II, Ni^II, Zn^II, Fe^III, Al^III, and Cr^III metal ions with some selected aliphatic and aromatic hydroxamic acids and some biologically important amino acids or nucleic acid components was investigated using the potentiometric technique at 25°C and I=0.10moldm^–3 NaNO₃. The acid-base properties of the ligands were investigated and discussed. The acidity constants of the ligands were determined and used for determining the stability constants of the complexes formed in aqueous medium under the experimental conditions. The ternary complex formation was found to occur in a stepwise manner. The stability constants of these binary and ternary systems were calculated. The order of stability of the ternary complexes in terms of the nature of hydroxamic acid, amino acid, nucleic acid component and metal ions was investigated and discussed as well as the values of log K and log X for the ternary systems. The concentration distribution of the various complex species in solution was evaluated. In addition, evaluation of the effect of temperature of the medium on the stability of the ternary system M^III – benzohydroxamic acid – L-histidine or adenine (M^III=Fe^III, Al^III, and Cr^III) has been studied. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed.     

Phytic Acid-Based FeCo Bimetallic Metal-Organic Gels for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Electrocatalysts have been developed to improve the efficiency of gas release for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and finding a simple and efficient method for efficient electrocatalysts has inspired research enthusiasm. Herein, we report bimetallic metal-organic gels derived from phytic acid (PA) and mixed transition metal ions to explore their performance in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. PA is a natural phosphorus-rich organic compound, which can be obtained from plant seeds and grains. PA reacts with bimetallic ions (Fe³⁺ and Co²⁺) in a facile one-pot synthesis under mild conditions to form PA-FeCo bimetallic gels, and the corresponding aerogels are further partially reduced with NaBH₄ to improve the electrocatalytic activity. Mixed valence states of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Co(III)/Co(II) are present in the materials. Excellent OER performance in terms of overpotential (257 mV at 20 mA cm⁻²) and Tafel slope (36 mV dec⁻¹) is achieved in an alkaline electrolyte. This reduction method is superior to the pyrolysis method by well maintaining the gel morphology structure. This strategy is conducive to the further improvement of the performance of metal-organic electrocatalysts, and provides guidance for the subsequent application of metal-organic gel electrocatalysts.     

Determination of Phytic Acid in Urine by ICP Atomic Emission Spectrometry.

Abstract

A method to determine phytic acid within urine in the range 0.15–2 mg/l is reported. The method is based on the ICP atomic emission spectrometric determination of phosphorus, after previous separation and concentration of phytic acid using the anionic resin AG1-X8. The method has been applied successfully to determine phytic acid in synthetic urine and human urine.     

电位滴定法测定弱酸电离常数与混合酸组分浓度的一种通用处理方法

本文导出了由电位滴定数据求算弱酸电离常数与混合酸组分浓度的通用算式,按Rosenbrock算法设计程序并处理了某些实验数据,得到良好的结果。与处理同类问题的其它方法相比,本法是方便并可靠的。     

Investigation Under Physiological Conditions of Orotic Acid Complex Equilibria with Calcium and Magnesium Using Potentiometric and Spectroscopic Techniques

With a view to obtaining information about the structures and stabilities of the orotic acid (ORA, vitamine B₁₃) complexes with Ca(II) and Mg(II), potentiometric and spectroscopic studies using a glass electrode have been carried out in aqueous solution at physiological conditions (37 ^∘C, 0.15 mmol⋅dm⁻³ NaCl) and at different ligand to metal ratios. Computer-assisted analysis of the potentiometric titration data within the 2.5–9.5 pH range yielded equilibrium constants for both systems. Several different complexes were separately considered during the calculation procedure for both systems, but evidence was found only for the mononuclear species ML. Speciation calculations based on the determined constants were then used to plan experiments with IR and UV spectroscopic techniques, which led to the determination of the related structures.     

Polarographic Determination of Inorganic Phosphorus in Phytic Acid

Abstract

A method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus in phytic acid by polarography was developed. The mechanism of Mo/Sb/P polarographic behaviour has been studied. It is one of the most sensitive analytical methods of phosphorus at present. The limit of detection is 8x10^?9 g/ml. This method has been used in the determination of inorganic phosphorus in phytic acid and result is found satisfactory.     

Numerical Method for Determination of Composition of Weak Acid Mixtures by Potentiometric Titration

An equation describing the state of weak acid mixtures was derived from the relationships between mole balance and charge balance. The equation was solved with numerical method and the compositions of the acid mixtures were determined. The advantages of this treatment were demonstrated by analyzing binary mixtures of chloroacetic, formic and acetic acids.