Electrochemical Immunosensors for Food Analysis: A Review of Recent Developments

Electrochemical immunosensors have the potential to transform analytical procedures within the food industry by providing highly specific, rapid, and inexpensive determination of pathogens. In this paper, recent advances in this area are outlined. In particular, attention is paid to new methods that have been developed for the modification of working electrode surfaces. Many advances have been related to the use of novel nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanoparticles, often used in conjunction with each other or polymers. The use of these materials has generally provided superior sensor sensitivity. The application of immunosensors to the detection of a range of pathogens in real samples is then investigated to establish whether they provide solutions in practical applications.     

临床样品微量元素分析过程中样品制备技术的进展

对临床样品微量元素分析过程中的样品制备技术的最近进展进行了评述,主要从直接稀释、湿法消解、干式灰化及微量元素形态分析的样品预处理技术等几方面进行了分别介绍。     

生物毒素检测技术研究进展

生物毒素是一类具重要的生物源化学物质,具有广泛的民用价值和军事意义.本文简要介绍了各类主要生物毒素的结构及性质,重点综述了生物毒素检测技术的原理、优缺点及其最新研究进展.     

基因工程抗体在微囊藻毒素检测分析中的应用研究

微囊藻毒素是蓝藻水华过程中产生的一类小分子多肽生物毒素,能对人和动物的肝脏造成严重损伤,属于2B类致癌物质。由于全球性工业和生活废水的大量排放以及气候变暖等现实因素,蓝藻水华现象日趋频繁和加剧,使得微囊藻毒素在水体和土壤中大量蓄积,严重威胁生态环境和农产品质量安全。基于"抗体-抗原"识别原理的免疫学检测方法是当前生物毒素快速检测研究的热点,近年抗体创制技术突飞猛进,现已从传统的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体逐渐发展到了新型的基因工程人工抗体创制阶段。该文系统阐述了微囊藻毒素产生的内外因素及其对生态系统、人和动物的主要危害风险;全面梳理了基因工程抗体创制技术及其在微囊藻毒素检测应用研究上的最新进展;并结合作者及所在科研团队最新研究成果,深入探讨了基因工程抗体在微囊藻毒素检测应用上的发展趋势、存在的问题以及拟解决的对策。     

环境和生物样品中铂族金属的分析研究进展

评述了近年来环境和生物样品中痕量铂族金属的分析研究进展，重点介绍了样品的预处理和分离富集技术以及检测手段等。     

微全分析系统检测方法的研究进展

综述了不同类型的检测方法在微全分析系统的应用，并简述了各类型的检测方法的优缺点。引用文献92篇。     

Recent Developments and Applications of Three-Phase Partitioning for the Recovery of Proteins

Three-phase partitioning (TPP) is rapidly developing as a novel bioseparation technique for the separation and purification of biomolecules. TPP has been applied in a wide range of applications including enzyme stability and enhancement of its catalytic activity. The partitioning into three phases is mainly dependent on the concentration of alcohol and salt used. TPP provides high enzyme recovery and can be utilized along with external techniques such as ultrasound, microwave assisted, microaffinity ligand-facilitated and also ionic-liquid based. This technique has attracted interest in the large scale recovery of proteins from crude feedstocks or fermentation broths. In this review, the basic principles, refolding of proteins using TPP, key design variables of TPP, types of TPP, applications of TPP in food industry as well as the challenge of TPP were analyzed. The work presented in this review will be beneficial for further researches in TPP or related separation techniques.     

Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Neurotransmitters for Applications in Biomedicine

Neurotransmitters are important biological molecules that are essential to many neurophysiological processes including memory, cognition, and behavioral states. The development of analytical methodologies to accurately detect neurotransmitters is of great importance in neurological and biological research. Specifically designed microelectrodes or microbiosensors have demonstrated potential for rapid, real-time measurements with high spatial resolution. Such devices can facilitate study of the role and mechanism of action of neurotransmitters and can find potential uses in biomedicine. This paper reviews the current status and recent advances in the development and application of electrochemical sensors for the detection of neurotransmitters. Measurement challenges and opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study and understanding of neurotransmitters in various biological models and disease conditions are discussed.     

Quality of Soybean Products in Terms of Essential Amino Acids Composition

The content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids in conventional and genetically modified soybean grain and selected soybean products (soybean pâté, soybean drink, soybean dessert, tofu) was analyzed in this paper. The following comparative analysis of these products has not yet been carried out. No differences were observed in the amino acid profiles of soybeans and soybean products. The presence of essential amino acids was confirmed except for tryptophan. Its absence, however, may be due not to its absence in the raw material, but to its decomposition as a result of the acid hydrolysis of the sample occurring during its preparation for amino acid determination. Regardless of the type of soybean grain, the content of protein, moisture content and essential amino acids was similar (statistically insignificant difference). Thus, the type of raw material did not determine these parameters. There was a significant imbalance in the quantitative composition of essential amino acids in individual soybean products. Only statistically significant variation was found in genetically modified and conventional soybean pâté. Moreover, in each soy product their amount was lower irrespective of the raw material from which they were manufactured. Therefore, the authors indicate the necessity of enriching soybean products with complete protein to increase their nutritional value.     

毛细管电泳在食品分析中的应用

介绍了近年来国内外毛细管电泳（CE）在食品分析中的应用,包括蛋白质、氨基酸、生物胺、维生素、碳水化合物、无机离子、有机酸、食品添加剂、农药和抗生素残留、生物毒素等食品中一些物质的测定。引用文献59篇。     

Recent Developments in Nitric Oxide Donors and Delivery for Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Applications

The use of nitric oxide (NO) is emerging as a promising, novel approach for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria and biofilm infections. Depending on the concentration, NO can induce biofilm dispersal, increase bacteria susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, and induce cell damage or cell death via the formation of reactive oxygen or reactive nitrogen species. The use of NO is, however, limited by its reactivity, which can affect NO delivery to its target site and result in off-target effects. To overcome these issues, and enable spatial or temporal control over NO release, various strategies for the design of NO-releasing materials, including the incorporation of photo-activable, charge-switchable, or bacteria-targeting groups, have been developed. Other strategies have focused on increased NO storage and delivery by encapsulation or conjugation of NO donors within a single polymeric framework. This review compiles recent developments in NO drugs and NO-releasing materials designed for applications in antimicrobial or anti-biofilm treatment and discusses limitations and variability in biological responses in response to the use of NO for bacterial eradiation.     

Molecular Imprinting in Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Developments and Applications

Since its inception five decades ago, imprinted sol-gel materials went practically unnoticed, until in the 1970s the conceptual introduction of molecular imprinting in synthetic polymers triggered a new interest in this field. The recent growth in interest in organic–inorganic hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel chemistry and the development of a variety of new strategies for imprinting polymeric matrices have led to a growing activity in what became known as molecularly imprinted sol-gel materials. This paper intends to give an overview of recent progress in molecular imprinting in sol-gel matrices, the potential analytical applications of these tailor-made materials and their limitations, with the aim of drawing attention to useful information and to enhancing interest in this practically unexplored but promising field.     

Recent Developments in Chitosan-Based Micro/Nanofibers for Sustainable Food Packaging,Smart Textiles,Cosmeceuticals, and Biomedical Applications

Chitosan has many useful intrinsic properties (e.g., non-toxicity, antibacterial properties, and biodegradability) and can be processed into high-surface-area nanofiber constructs for a broad range of sustainable research and commercial applications. These nanofibers can be further functionalized with bioactive agents. In the food industry, for example, edible films can be formed from chitosan-based composite fibers filled with nanoparticles, exhibiting excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a variety of products. Processing ‘pure’ chitosan into nanofibers can be challenging due to its cationic nature and high crystallinity; therefore, chitosan is often modified or blended with other materials to improve its processability and tailor its performance to specific needs. Chitosan can be blended with a variety of natural and synthetic polymers and processed into fibers while maintaining many of its intrinsic properties that are important for textile, cosmeceutical, and biomedical applications. The abundance of amine groups in the chemical structure of chitosan allows for facile modification (e.g., into soluble derivatives) and the binding of negatively charged domains. In particular, high-surface-area chitosan nanofibers are effective in binding negatively charged biomolecules. Recent developments of chitosan-based nanofibers with biological activities for various applications in biomedical, food packaging, and textiles are discussed herein.     

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

Carbon-based nanocomposites have developed as the most promising and emerging materials in nanoscience and technology during the last several years. They are microscopic materials that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers. They may be distinguished from bulk materials by their size, shape, increased surface-to-volume ratio, and unique physical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanocomposite matrixes are often created by combining more than two distinct solid phase types. The nanocomposites that were constructed exhibit unique properties, such as significantly enhanced toughness, mechanical strength, and thermal/electrochemical conductivity. As a result of these advantages, nanocomposites have been used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and energy storage devices, among others. This study focuses on the usage of several forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon aerogels, carbon nanofibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, in the development of hydrogen fuel cells. These fuel cells have been successfully employed in numerous commercial sectors in recent years, notably in the car industry, due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and long-cyclic durability. Further; we discuss the principles, reaction mechanisms, and cyclic stability of the fuel cells and also new strategies and future challenges related to the development of viable fuel cells.     

Electroanalytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Recent Trends and Developments

Electroanalysis is a powerful analytical technique that is increasing in utility in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used as an alternative or complementary technique to spectrophotometric and separation techniques due to its high sensitivity, speed of analysis, reduction in solvent and sample consumption, and low operating cost compared to other analytical methods. A review of the principles and application of modern electroanalytical techniques, namely, cyclic, linear sweep, differential pulse, square wave and stripping voltammetric techniques, is presented. This review gives recent pharmaceutical analysis applications used for each mode of electroanalytical chemistry. The review will also describe recent developments for enhancing concentration limits of detection, electrode types, and so forth. Selected studies on these subjects are given as examples.     

离子色谱法在食品分析中的最新应用

 综述了离子色谱法在食品分析中的最新应用 ,并对这方面的发展趋势进行了讨论。 60篇。     

Applications of capillary electrophoresis in the fields of environmental,pharmaceutical, clinical,and food analysis (2019–2021)

So far, the potential of capillary electrophoresis in the application fields has been increasingly excavated due to the advantages of simple operation, short analysis time, high-resolution, less sample consumption, and low cost. This review examines the implementations and advancements of capillary electrophoresis in different application fields (environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, and food analysis) covering the literature from 2019 to 2021. In addition, ultrasmall sample injection volume (nanoliter range) and short optical path lead to relatively low concentration sensitivity of the most frequently used ultraviolet-absorption spectrophotometric detection, so the pretreatment technology being developed has been gradually utilized to overcome this problem. Despite the review being focused on the development of capillary electrophoresis in the fields of environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, and food analysis, the new sample pretreatment techniques of microextraction and enrichment fit excellently to capillary electrophoresis in recent three years are also described briefly.     

代谢组学及其在微生物领域的研究进展

代谢组学、基因组学和蛋白质组学是系统生物学研究的重要组成部分。本文在文献和作者本人研究的基础上,对代谢组学的产生和技术平台及其在环境微生物领域的研究进展进行了评述。