Simultaneous Determination of Six Immunosuppressants in Human Whole Blood by HPLC-MS/MS Using a Modified QuEChERS Method

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus in human whole blood by optimizing the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) preparation method. Whole blood was extracted into ethyl acetate, salted out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and purified with ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane adsorbent. The supernatant was evaporated under nitrogen until dry and finally reconstituted in methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column in methanol (mobile phase A)-water (optimized for 0.1% acetic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate, mobile phase B) at a 0.3 mL·min⁻¹ flow rate. Electrospray ionization and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring were used for detection. The time for of analysis was 13 min. The calibration curves range of tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus were in the range of 1–100 ng·mL⁻¹, mycophenolate mofetil in the range of 0.1–10 ng·mL⁻¹ and mycophenolic acid at 10–1000 ng·mL⁻¹. All correlation coefficients were >0.993. The coefficients of variation (CV, %) for inter-day and intra-day precision were less than 10%, while the spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.1% to 116%. Our method was rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of six immunosuppressants in human whole blood. Importantly, our approach can be used to monitor drug concentrations in the blood to facilitate disease treatment.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中胆固醇含量

提出了食用植物油中胆固醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。食用植物油经皂化后用石油醚-乙醚(1+1)溶液提取,以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50mm×2.1mm,5μm)为分离柱,以甲酸-甲醇(0.1+99.9)溶液为流动相,以2,2,3,4,4,6-d6胆固醇为内标,采用大气压化学电离源在多反应监测负离子模式下进行测定,胆固醇和内标的定量离子对分别为m/z369.2/146.9,369.2/160.9和375.2/166.5。胆固醇在0.1～5mg·L-1范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02ng。在3个浓度水平上对方法做回收试验,测得回收率在102%～110%之间。     

湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中四环素类药物残留

5.0g水产品组织样品,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠的柠檬酸缓冲溶液提取,用正己烷去除脂肪后,经GL-PakPLS-2小柱净化,旋转蒸发器减压蒸干后,用甲醇-水(30+70)溶液溶解,样液用超高压液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四级杆质谱进行检测,外标法定量。测定4种四环素类药物的线性范围均为5.0～100.0μg.L-1,在5,20,50μg.kg-1的3个添加水平范围内平均回收率为70.6%～93.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为6.3%～10.5%,方法测定下限(10S/N)可达5.0μg.kg-1。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定染发剂中7种酚类化合物

提出了应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定染发剂中4-氨基-2-硝基苯酚、3-二乙氨基酚、2-氨基-4-氯苯酚、2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚、2-氨基-3-硝基苯酚、1,7-二羟基萘酚和2,3-二羟基萘酚等7种酚类化合物的方法。采用甲醇萃取染发剂中酚类成分,经WatersAcquityUPLCTMBEHC18色谱柱分离,外标法定量,多反应监测模式采集质谱数据。7种酚类化合物的检出限(3S/N)均低于50.0μg.L-1。在10,20,50μg.g-1三个添加水平下,7种酚类化合物的回收率在68.8%～112.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.58%～12.61%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定发泡聚苯乙烯材料中的六溴环十二烷

采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定发泡聚苯乙烯材料中阻燃剂α,β,γ-六溴环十二烷(HBCD)。样品用乙腈进行萃取,选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC@BEH C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选用多反应监测模式分析。HBCD各异构体的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.2 mg·kg-1。加标回收率在81.7%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于15%。     

固相支持液-液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人全血中环孢素A

采用固相支持液-液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术建立了人全血中环孢素A的分析方法。全血样品经蛋白沉淀后,上样至固相支持液-液萃取柱,经甲基叔丁基醚洗脱,Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱(75 mm×3. 0 mm i. d.,2. 2μm)分离,电喷雾电离源、正离子模式和多反应监测模式下采集数据,以环孢素D为内标物定量。结果表明,环孢素A在1. 5～500μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0. 998,检出限和定量下限分别为0. 5μg/L和1. 5μg/L,在50、100、400μg/L 3个加标浓度下的平均回收率为78. 6%～83. 5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=3)分别为3. 1%～5. 6%和4. 5%～8. 3%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,可用于全血中环孢素A的分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定印刷电路板中全氟辛烷磺酸盐

经剪碎和粉碎的印刷电路板样品用甲酸-甲醇(0.1+99.9)溶液超声提取,所得提取液于45℃旋转蒸发至1mL,加水5mL,用稀甲酸或稀氨水调节溶液的pH值为4～5。将溶液通过Oasis WAX固相萃取小柱净化,用甲酸(2+98)溶液和甲醇先后清洗小柱后,用氨水-甲醇(2+98)混合溶液洗脱,将全部洗脱液氮吹蒸发至近干,用流动相溶液定容为1mL供测定。所用色谱柱为Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱,柱温30℃,进样量为5μL。由5mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液及乙腈(60+40)混合溶液作为流动相,在0.3mL.min-1流量条件下进行洗脱。质谱测定中采用ESI负电离方式,多反应监测扫描模式。测得全氟辛烷磺酸盐质量分数在1.0～1 000μg.kg-1范围内与峰面积值呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.0μg.kg-1。用标准加入法测得回收率在89.0%～99.3%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜产品中6种青霉素类药物残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定牛肉和牛奶中青霉素类药物残留。样品以磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取、乙酸锌沉淀蛋白、正己烷脱脂,然后经HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分离检测,外标法定量。6种青霉素的线性范围均在25.0μg·L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)为2μg·kg-1,测定下限(10S/N)为5μg·kg-1。加标回收率在77.0%~99.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.7%~13%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的残留量

食品样品用乙腈提取,经弗洛里小柱净化后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的含量。色谱分离用甲醇和10mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同体积比混合为流动相梯度洗脱,采用负离子模式电喷雾离子源在多反应监测模式下进行检测。噻鼠酮的检出限(3S/N)为0.38μg.kg-1,其余8种灭鼠剂的检出限(3S/N)均为0.08μg.kg-1。以空白食品样品为基体,加入3种浓度水平的灭鼠剂标准做回收试验,测得回收率在55.3%～118.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～14.8%之间。     

Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Sirolimus in Porcine Whole Blood and Lung Tissue and Pharmacokinetic Application with Coronary Stents

Sirolimus is a hydrophobic macrolide compound that has been used for long-term immunosuppressive therapy, prevention of restenosis, and treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In this study, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sirolimus in both porcine whole blood and lung tissue. Blood and lung tissue homogenates were deproteinized with acetonitrile and injected into the LC-MS/MS system for analysis using the positive electrospray ionization mode. The drug was separated on a C18 reversed phase column with a gradient mobile phase (ammonium formate buffer (5 mM) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile) at 0.2 mL/min. The selected reaction monitoring transitions of m/z 931.5 → 864.4 and m/z 809.5 → 756.5 were applied for sirolimus and ascomycin (the internal standard, IS), respectively. The method was selective and linear over a concentration range of 0.5–50 ng/mL. The method was validated for sensitivity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability in porcine whole blood and lung tissue homogenates, and all values were within acceptable ranges. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study to quantitate sirolimus levels in porcine blood and its distribution in lung tissue following the application of stents in the porcine coronary arteries. It enabled the quantification of sirolimus concentration until 2 and 14 days in blood and in lung tissue, respectively. This method would be appropriate for both routine porcine pharmacokinetic and bio-distribution studies of sirolimus formulations.     

高效液相色谱–串联质谱内标法测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物

建立高效液相色谱–串联质谱法(HPLC–MS/MS)测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其5种代谢产物(α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、玉米赤霉酮)残留量。在样品中加入4种同位素内标(13C18–玉米赤霉烯酮,D7–α-玉米赤霉烯醇,D7–β-玉米赤霉烯醇,D5–α-玉米赤霉醇)后,经β-葡萄糖苷酶/硫酸酯酶酶解,用叔丁基甲基醚萃取,取上清液氮吹至近干后用三氯甲烷复溶,再用氢氧化钠溶液反向萃取,以HLB固相萃取柱净化后,用HPLC–MS/MS检测。结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996,方法的检出限为0.04~0.13μg/kg,定量限为0.11~0.43μg/kg。在1.0、4.0、10.0μg/kg三种加标浓度水平下,回收率为77.7%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%~9.8%(n=6)。该方法准确、可靠,灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物的定量分析。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中巴比妥类药物

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中巴比妥类药物(巴比妥、苯巴比妥、异戊巴比妥、司可巴比妥)含量的方法。样品以乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1+1)混合液为萃取剂,经快速溶剂萃取仪提取后,提取液用氮气吹干后以1.0mL甲醇溶解,通过VF-5MS色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源多反应监测模式进行质谱测定。4种巴比妥类药物的质量浓度与其峰面积均在10～1 000μg.L-1之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.07～0.26μg.L-1之间。以空白血液样品为基体进行回收试验,测得回收率在77.8%～93.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.3%～6.9%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸

样品经甲醇索式提取180 min及复合式弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱富集,用氨水-甲醇(1+99)溶液从柱上洗脱PFOS和PFOA使净化。洗脱液在45℃氮气吹干,残渣用流动相乙腈-5 mmol.L-1乙酸胺(42+58)混合溶液溶解定容至5 mL,取10μL注入超高效液相色谱仪。以不同体积比的乙腈与5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵的混合溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,经C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离。采用电喷雾负离子源及多反应监测模式测定。PFOS和PFOA的质量浓度均在40.0μg.L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为1μg.L-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,PFOS和PFOA的加标回收率分别在90.0%～99.4%和91.6%～104.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于13%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的方法。样品溶液以乙腈-0.05%(体积分数)甲酸(4+6)溶液作为定容溶剂。以Waters ACQUITY BEH-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和0.05%甲酸溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的质量浓度在0.1~2mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02mg·kg-1。以空白牛奶样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.0%~88.6%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9%。     

Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Based on Magnetic Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide for HPLC–MS/MS Analysis of Illegal Basic Dyes in Foods

In this study, a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) for the determination of illegal basic dyes in food samples was developed and validated. This method was based on Magnetic sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (M-S-RGO), which was sensitive and selective to analytes with structure of multiaromatic rings and negatively charged ions. Several factors affecting MSPE efficiency such as pH and adsorption time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves exhibited good linearity, ranging from 5 to 60 µg/g with correlation coefficients >0.9950. The limits of detection of 16 basic dyes were in the range of 0.01–0.2 µg/L. The recoveries ranged from 70% to 110% with RSD% < 10%. The results indicate that M-S-RGO is an efficient and selective adsorbent for the extraction and cleanup of basic dyes. Due to the MSPE procedures, matrix effect and interference were eliminated in the analysis of HPLC–MS/MS without the matrix-matched standards. Thus, validation data showed that the proposed MSPE–HPLC–MS/MS method was rapid, efficient, selective, and sensitive for the determination of illegal basic dyes in foods.     

阴离子交换树脂固相萃取分离全血中血红蛋白的研究

以330阴离子交换树脂为吸附材料建立了固相萃取分离血红蛋白的方法。利用血红蛋白和树脂之间的疏水作用力将血红蛋白吸附到树脂上,以Tris—HCl缓冲液（PH-8．9）为洗脱剂回收血红蛋白。考察了溶液PH值、吸附时间、离子强度、洗脱剂的种类及其酸度等对分离纯化效率的影响。在最优实验条件下,树脂对血红蛋白的吸附率和洗脱率分别为87％和70％,吸附容量为42．9μg／mg。吸收光谱和SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳证明,该方法可有效地从人全血中分离出纯度较高的血红蛋白。     

Development and Validation of a Reliable UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Macrocyclic Lactones in Bovine Plasma

A fast, accurate and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ivermectin (IVER), doramectin (DORA), and moxidectin (MOXI) in bovine plasma. A priority for sample preparation was the eradication of possible infectious diseases to avoid travel restrictions. The sample preparation was based on protein precipitation using 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by Ostro^® 96-well plate pass-through sample clean-up. The simple and straightforward procedure, along with the short analysis time, makes the current method unique and suitable for a large set of sample analyses per day for PK studies. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Acquity UPLC HSS-T3 column, with 0.01% acetic acid in water and methanol, on an Acquity H-Class ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) system. The MS/MS instrument was a Xevo TQ-S^® mass spectrometer, operating in the positive electrospray ionization mode and two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were monitored per component. The MRM transitions of m/z 897.50 > 753.4 for IVER, m/z 921.70 > 777.40 for DORA and m/z 640.40 > 123.10 for MOXI were used for quantification. The method validation was performed using matrix-matched calibration curves in a concentration range of 1 to 500 ng/mL. Calibration curves fitted a quadratic regression model with 1/x2 weighting (r ≥ 0.998 and GoF ≤ 4.85%). Limits of quantification (LOQ) values of 1 ng/mL were obtained for all the analytes, while the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.02 ng/mL for IVER, 0.03 ng/mL for DORA, and 0.58 ng/mL for MOXI. The results of within-day (RSD < 6.50%) and between-day (RSD < 8.10%) precision and accuracies fell within acceptance ranges. No carry-over and no peak were detected in the UHPLC-MS/MS chromatogram of blank samples showing good specificity of the method. The applicability of the developed method was proved by an analysis of the field PK samples.     

280例患病生儿全血中14种元素变化的研究

于１９９７年６月－１９９８年１０月间对２８０例患４种常见病新生儿全血中１４种元素进行了检测,并与正常足月、顺产新生儿１００例对比。结果表明：（１）Ｇ－６ＰＤ缺陷引起的高胆红素血症组与正常组对照,男、女Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ均低于正常组;     

Development of a Multimatrix UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites in Animal Tissues

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular pharmacologically active substances used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The metabolism of this drug occurs in the liver and leads to the formation of two main metabolites—glucuronic acid and sulfate derivate. Despite the wide use of paracetamol in veterinary medicine, a handful of analytical methods were published for the determination of paracetamol residues in animal tissues. In this paper, a multimatrix method has been developed for the determination of paracetamol and two metabolites—paracetamol sulfate (PS) and p-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide (PG). A validation procedure was conducted to verify method reliability and fit purpose as a tool for analyzing acetaminophen and metabolites in muscle, liver, lung, and kidney samples from different species of animals. Established validation parameters were in agreement with acceptable criteria laid by the European legislation. The initial significant matrix effect was successfully reduced by implementing an internal standard—4-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide-d3 (PG-d3, IS). The usefulness of the developed method was verified by analyzing samples from an experiment in which paracetamol was administrated to geese.