高效液相色谱法检测蔬菜中甲萘威残留

本文采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测叶类蔬菜(以菠菜为例)中甲萘威的残留.采用以十八烷基键合硅胶为固定相色谱柱,以甲醇-水=55∶ 45 (V/V)为流动相,用二极管阵列检测器在268 nm波长下检测.菠菜样品采用超声波辅助提取进行前处理,提取液经浓缩后进行HPLC分析.该方法的线性范围为0.50～10.0 mg,k...     

碱解增敏荧光法测定残留甲萘威

甲萘威在0.01mo1/L KOH溶液中可降解为强荧光产物。十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对其增敏后,荧光强度达到其自身荧光强度的6倍。基于此,建立了对残留甲萘威进行荧光测定的新方法。线性动态范围为2.00~1.70×103μg/L;检出限为0.95μg/L;样品的加标回收率在90.2%~99.9%。本法成功地用于叶菜中残留甲萘威的测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留。果蔬试样经丙酮-水匀质,二氯甲烷液-液萃取,然后过石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化,浓缩定容后在DB-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-选择离子监测模式。36种农药残留的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均不高于15μg·kg-1。加标回收率在75.3%~115%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.6%~7.8%之间。     

酶抑制技术检测蔬果农药残留量研究进展

综述了国内外近年来酶抑制技术在农药残留检测中的应用研究状况，重点论述了酶抑制光度法的优点及存在的问题以及酶的固定化的应用研究，检测有机磷与氨基甲酸酯农药的酶电极的制备与应用是研究的热点．     

蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂多残留气相色谱检测方法

本文介绍了6种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂在蔬菜中的双柱单检测器多残留分析方法。样品用丙酮提取,弗罗里硅土净化,气相色谱电子捕获检测器定量测定。经对黄瓜、番茄、大白菜、青椒进行添加回收率试验,其回收率在87.6%～105.1％之间,变异系数1.2～7.2%。最低检出浓度0.001～0.10mg/kg。     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Ampicillin with Some Nitro Compounds

Abstract

A spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of ampicillin (Amp.) in pure solutions and in its pharmaceutical preparations has been developed. This new method offers advantages of simplicity, rapidity and stability in comparison with the official BP (1980) method. The proposed method is based on the formation of a colour condensation product through the reaction of ampicillin and nitrobenzene derivatives in an alkaline aqueous-acetone medium 40% (v/v). Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.5–28 μg ml^?1. The colours were produced within 20 min. after heating at 60±5°C and stable for at least 6 h. The method is relatively accurate (recovery 100±2%) and precise (RSD 1.9%) and can be used successfully for the preparation of capsules, syrup and ampoules.     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留

建立高效液相色谱测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的检测方法。蔬菜样品用乙腈提取,经DisQuE分散固相萃取试剂盒净化,C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈–水(68∶32)溶液洗脱,二极管阵列(PDA)检测器检测,外标法定量。在0.02~1.0 mg/L范围内,除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲的质量浓度与对应的色谱峰面积线性相关,除虫脲和灭幼脲的检出限为0.010 mg/kg,杀铃脲的检出限为0.015 mg/kg。除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲标准溶液的色谱峰面积的日内相对标准偏差分别为1.03%,1.31%,0.82%(n=6),日间相对标准偏差分别为1.43%,1.56%,1.06%(n=6)。加标回收率为88.7%~108.0%。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的测定。     

家庭小实验揭示炒青菜褪绿之谜

The phenomenon of green fading while cooking vegetables is explained scientifically in this paper. Why most vegetables are green? What kind of physiological and chemical changes occurs to the vegetables during heating? How to prevent the green fading while cooking vegetables in daily life? All these questions are discussed in detail. A series of scientific experiments in home lab are also designed to keep green while cooking vegetables. The results indicate that vegetables might keep green via pretreatment with proper amount of salt or oil in the boiling water, or cooking without the lid covering the pot.     

Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits from Farmer Markets and Associated Dietary Risks

The use of pesticides leads to an increase in agricultural production but also causes harmful effects on human health when excessively used. For safe consumption, pesticide residues should be below the maximum residual limits (MRLs). In this study, the residual levels of pesticides in vegetables and fruits collected from farmers’ markets in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt were investigated using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. A total number of 40 pesticides were detected in the tested vegetable and fruit samples. Insecticides were the highest group in detection frequency with 85% and 69% appearance in vegetables and fruits, respectively. Cucumber and apple samples were found to have the highest number of pesticide residues. The mean residue levels ranged from 7 to 951 µg kg⁻¹ (in vegetable samples) and from 8 to 775 µg kg⁻¹ (in fruit samples). It was found that 35 (40.7%) out of 86 pesticide residues detected in vegetables and 35 (38.9%) out of 90 pesticide residues detected in fruits exceeded MRLs. Results for lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil, dimothoate, and omethoate in spinach, zucchini, kaki, and strawberry, respectively, can cause acute or chronic risks when consumed at 0.1 and 0.2 kg day⁻¹. Therefore, it is necessary for food safety and security to continuously monitor pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in markets.     

固相萃取气相色谱法测定蔬菜、水果中的多种有机磷农药残留

建立了固相萃取气相色谱(SPE-GC)法测定蔬菜、水果中11种有机磷农药残留量的方法,样品经乙腈提取、浓缩后经弗罗里圭(florisil)固相萃取小柱净化,采用气相色谱-火焰热离子检测器(GC-FTD)测定.对于农药的3个添加水平,平均回收率为52.8±4.8%～115.3±3.0%(n=5),RSD≤12.6%,方法的最小检出限在0.0126～0.052 me,/kg之间.方法快速、灵敏、准确、成本低,能满足蔬菜水果中多农残快速检测的分析要求.     

家用电热器具火灾残留物的SEM分析

模拟家用电热器具火灾残留物,用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)对火灾残留物中的电热丝显微形貌进行观察.结果表明:在不同试验条件下,电热丝的显微形貌有明显的不同,可以直观、快速地鉴别家用电热器具在火灾发生之前所处的状态,为家用电热器具火灾原因的认定提供了一种新的技术方法.     

Selection of a Representative Matrix for Calibration in Multianalyte Determination of Pesticides in Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

An analytical method for determining residues of twenty pesticides by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionisation (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) in eight commodities, cucumber, tomato, pepper, green bean, eggplant, zucchini, melon and watermelon, has been developed and validated. On one hand, calibration curves prepared in solvent were compared with calibration curves prepared in a blank matrix extract of each target matrix. On the other hand, calibration curves and recoveries for each commodity were compared. Cucumber was selected as potential reference matrix for the target vegetables.     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法检测果蔬中的吡氟甲禾灵残留

建立了超高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC–MS/MS)法测定果蔬中吡氟甲禾灵残留的方法。样品以乙腈匀浆提取,并采用Sep-Pak Vac型氨基固相萃取柱净化样品,采用超高效液相色谱柱WATERS ACQUITY C_(18)柱(50mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈–0.1%甲酸水溶液作为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱。吡氟甲禾灵在1.0~50.0 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r~2=0.997 7,加标回收率为84.1%~88.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.18%~3.58%(n=6)。该方法操作简便,分析快速,提取效率高,重现性好,有实用价值。     

异源间接竞争酶联免疫法测定大米及土壤中甲萘威的残留

以6-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)己酸(CNH)偶联牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为免疫原(CNH-BSA)制备高特异性抗体,分别以CNH、4-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丁酸(CNB)、3-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)丙酸(CNA)偶联卵清蛋白(OVA)得到包被抗原(CNH-OVA,CNB-OVA,CNA-OVA),以上述抗体及包被原作为核心材料,研究了同源包被与异源包被模式及ELISA各影响因素对检测灵敏度的影响,建立了甲萘威异源间接竞争酶联免疫法,并考察了此方法对测定大米及土壤中甲萘威残留的适用性。结果表明:以CNA-OVA异源包被的间接竞争ELISA法具有较高的灵敏度,IC50为(10.51±0.11)μg·L-1,该方法的检测范围为2.07~47.30μg·L-1(以IC20~IC80为标准)。以0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1作为加标浓度,甲萘威在大米中的加标回收率为92.3%~111.6%,土壤中的加标回收率为85.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差均在10%以内。与HPLC法的比对验证结果表明,ELISA和HPLC两种方法的分析结果无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Estimation of Residual Nickel and Some Heavy Metals in Vanaspati Ghee

To convert vegetable edible oils into vanaspati ghee, nickel is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation process. A simple and fast method for the trace level determination of nickel in ghee is reported. In this work different methods were applied for the extraction of residual nickel from ghee samples. Using toluene, benzene and carbon tetrachloride as organic solvents, an acid mixture was used for the extraction of nickel. Extracted nickel was quantified with atomic absorption and colorimetric methods. Among the organic solvents, toluene proved to be the best solvent mediating a 95% extraction of nickel from ghee samples. Nickel was extracted and determined in ten different brands of ghee and in all samples its amount was well above the permissible limit of WHO (0.2 μg/g). Other metals like lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium were also determined and their concentrations were found to be much below the WHO permissible limits.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜、水果中80种农药残留

建立了同时测定蔬菜、水果中有机磷类、酰胺类、氨基甲酸酯类等80种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18填料分散固相萃取净化,C18柱分离后,在电喷雾正离子化模式下,于三重四极杆质谱仪,动态多反应监测方式测定。结果表明:80种农药的线性范围均超过3个数量级,且r≥0.99;对6种蔬菜、水果样品分别进行0.01、0.05mg/kg2个水平的加标回收实验(n=5),其平均回收率分别为64%～118%和72～108%;RSD分别为3.7%～29.1%和3.4%～27.9%;80种农药的方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.02～3μg/kg。方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于蔬菜、水果中该80种农药的同时分析。     

用中性红分光光度法测定亚硝酸根的研究

本文研究了中性红与亚硝酸根在盐酸介质中的亚硝化反应,并由此建立了一个简单、快速、选择性好的测定亚硝酸根的新方法,该法对比耳定理的适应范围是0～0.6μg NO_2~-/ml。将本法应用于水样中亚硝酸根的测定,取得了满意的效果。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量

建立了蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈均质提取,混合使用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)和C18两种基质分散净化剂净化,净化液过膜后直接进行UPLC-MS/MS检测。通过考察腈吡螨酯在不同果蔬样品中的基质效应发现,采用UPLC-MS/MS检测蔬菜和水果中腈吡螨酯残留量时,腈吡螨酯在不同种类样品中存在不同程度的基质减弱效应,采用空白基质溶液稀释标准建立校正的标准曲线外标法定量以消除基质效应。结果表明,腈吡螨酯在0.05~10μg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.999 6。在0.000 05~2 mg/kg范围内进行加标回收率实验,平均回收率为81.1%~99.3%,相对标准偏差为4.7%~9.3%,方法的定量下限为0.043μg/kg,检出限为0.013μg/kg。     

Some Arylidene-2-Pyridylhydrazone Derivatives as Reagents for Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium (II)

Abstract

A method for spectrophotometric determination of palladium by complexation with Arylidene-2-pyridylhydrazone derivatives in 50% (V/V) ethanolic solution are described-Pd(II) forms a 1:1 complex with the reagents. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.2-6.5 μg ml^?1. The effect of pH, effect of excess reagent, stability of complexes as well as the tolerance amount of many metal ions have been reported. The method is applied, with fair accuracy, to the determination of pd(II) in synthetic solutions.     

Investigation and Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Four Common Vegetables and Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure in Ceramic Capital,China

In order to understand the basic situation of pesticide residues in vegetables in China’s porcelain capital, four kinds of common vegetables on the market were selected in this study for detection and analysis of pesticide residues. The pesticide residues in vegetables were analyzed through sample selection, optimization of instrument and equipment conditions, and comparison of detection pass rates. The sampling locations were common vegetables purchasing places such as large and medium-sized supermarkets. QuEChERS method was used as the sample pretreatment, and gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. Finally, the exposure risk of pesticides was assessed according to the test results. The results showed that all the pesticides were detected in four kinds of vegetables, but the detected pesticides did not exceed the national standard (GB 2763-2014, China). Moreover, the target risk coefficient (THQ) and risk index (HI) values of four vegetables were less than one, indicating that the combined and toxic effect of pesticide residual mixed contamination was smaller in four vegetables. Therefore, there was no significant harm from people using these vegetables.