Determination of Vanadium with Chlorosubstituted Hydroxamic Acids for Photometric and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination

Abstract

The eight newly synthesized chlorosubstituted hydroxamic acids are described for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of vanadium. The sensitive and selective reagent, N-m-Chlorophenylpalmito hydroxamic acid, (m-CPPHA), which gives violet coloured vanadium complex was extracted with chloroform from 6M HCl. The violet coloured complex thus obtained has a maximum absorbance at 520 nm and molar absorptivity 4.9 ± 10³1mol^?1cm^?1. The Beer's law obeyed in the region 0.50-12.0ppm. Effects of acidity, reagent concentration, diverse ions have also been investigated. A comparison has been made with atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Vanadium has been determined in the environment, e.g. plant, soil, rock, etc.     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测痕量汞

提出了浊点萃取预富集氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定痕量汞的新方法。详细探讨了溶液pH值、表面活性剂浓度、平衡时间等因素对浊点萃取效果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,该法对汞的富集倍数为20倍,检出限为0.039μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.8%(n=11)。所建立的方法用于天然水中痕量汞的测定,分析结果满意。     

Extraction,Spectrophotometric, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium With N-Phenylbenzohydroxamic Acid

Abstract

Solvent extraction spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods for the determination of selenium(IV) in microgram quantities are described. The selenium(IV) forms yellow colored complex with N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid (PBHA) extractable into chloroform from 7 M HClO₄. Se-PBHA complex has maximum absorbance at 345 nm with a molar absorptivity 1.5 × 10⁵ 1 mol^?1 cm^?1 and Sandell's sensitivity 0.000526 μg /cm². Effect of molarity, reagent concentration, diverse ions on the extraction of selenium complex were studied. The selenium is determined in presence of tellurium.     

冷原子吸收分光光度法测定电子电气产品中汞的不确定度评定

根据《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》,对冷原子吸收分光光度法测定电子电气产品中汞含量的测量不确定度进行了评定。分析了影响不确定度的因素,对各不确定度分量进行了计算,结果表明测量不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合和测量重复性,合成相对标准不确定度为1.61%。     

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中的汞

建立了微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定消毒剂中汞的方法。将消毒产品经过微波消解后,其中的汞被氧化为离子状态的汞,利用冷原子吸收光谱测汞仪对样品进行测定,结果表明汞在0~10ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 7(n=6),平均加标回收率为97.08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.0%(n=9)。方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于测定消毒剂中的汞。     

冷原子吸收光谱法测定饲料添加剂硫酸锰中的汞

采用冷原子吸收光谱法测定饲料添加剂硫酸锰中的汞含量,研究了测定介质及其浓度、重铬酸钾用量、还原剂用量、共存元素干扰等因素对测定的影响,方法的加标回收率为96%~103%,样品测定相对标准偏差10%,能满足日常检验的要求。     

复杂样品的消化结合冷原子吸收直接测汞法

本试验将复杂样品的消化处理结合冷原子吸收测定，研究了食物及生物样品的消化条件。该法减少了样品在转移过程中产生的误差，不但省时、省力，且有效地提高了灵敏度和准确度，应用于人发中汞的测定中其平均值为１．６１±０．０７×１０－６，变异系数５．２％；平均回收率９８．０±２．７（％），变异系数３．２％。对１８种食物及生物样品中汞进行了测定，结果令人满意。     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中的痕量镉

研究了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定痕量镉的新方法,利用表面活性剂Triton X-100和络合剂1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)对镉进行浊点萃取。详细探讨了影响浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的因素。优化条件为:0.25 mL 30%NaC l,pH 8.5,0.50 mL、4.0×10-4mol/L PAN,0.2 mL 1.0%TritonX-100。在最佳条件下,镉的富集倍率为50倍,检出限为5.9 ng/L,RSD为2.1%。该方法用于环境样中痕量镉的富集和测定,结果令人满意。     

甲基异丁基甲酮萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中的痕量银

建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的方法。研究了仪器工作参数、分离条件及共存离子的干扰,确定了最佳测定条件。结果表明:地质样品经焙烧,用氢氟酸–盐酸–硝酸–高氯酸溶矿,在5%的盐酸介质中加入0.5m L 200 g/L的抗坏血酸溶液及0.25 m L 300 g/L的碘化钾溶液,并以2.0 m L 50 g/L的EDTA溶液掩蔽Cu2+,Pb2+,用2.0 m L甲基异丁基甲酮萃取分离银,在灰化温度500℃、原子化温度2 200℃条件下进行有机相测定。方法检出限为0.084μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.89~3.91%(n=6),对国家一级标准物质测定,结果与标准值相符合。     

原子吸收分光光度计上采用连续光源用于光度分析的研究

探讨了应用连续光源和双光束原子吸收分光光度计用于光度分析的可行性。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的痕量钴

研究了基于表面活性剂Triton X-114和络合剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）浊点萃取钴的样品前处理方法.优化了浊点萃取条件参数,包括pH值、Triton X-114用量、APDC浓度、平衡温度及时间等,建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钴的方法.该法的检测限（3σ）为2.6μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为6.2%（n=7,c=200μg/L）.该法成功地应用于海带、维生素B12注射液等样品中钴的测定.     

Atomic Absorption Detector for Liquid-Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A detector system specific for the measurement of chelating agents and applicable to liquid-liquid chromatography has been developed. A solution containing the chelating agent is passed over a short column of chelating ion exchange resin in the copper form, and directly into the aspirator of a recording atomic absorption spectrophotometer set to measure copper. A quantity of copper proportional to the quantity of the chelating agent is stripped from the column and recorded as a peak. Precision and accuracy compare with normal atomic absorption techniques, with an average mean standard deviation of 3%, and a corresponding accuracy. The detection limit for this method is 5x10-⁷ millimoles of EDTA or NTA. Determinations are rapid and reproducible in solutions having a pH in the range of 4 to 9. The role of interfering ions is considered. The applicability of the method as a specific detector system for liquid-liquid chromatographic separations of chelating agents is discussed. Recovery of chelating agents from solutions with an ionic strength approximating natural fresh waters is demonstrated.     

在线固相萃取富集-液相色谱分离冷原子吸收联机测定不同形态汞

本文报道了在线固相萃取预富集（FI）－液相色谱（HPLC）分离－冷原子吸收（CVAAS）联机技术和汞的形态分析方法。应用FI和HPLC高压接口技术，可使被测物在线富集并被HPLC洗脱液全部带入HPLC－CVAAS系统进行分离测定，富集倍数和富集时间成正比，Pb、Cu、Ni、Cd、Fe等重金属离子均不干扰。应用硼氢化钠在线还原结合加热热解，能提高有机汞测定灵敏度，MeHg、EtHg、PhHg和Hg（Ⅱ）的检测下限可达到0．86、1．94、1．06和1．92ng／L，相对标准偏差为3．8％、70％、5．5％和5．0％。尿样中无机汞能直接测定，有机汞因含量太低未检出，加标回收率分别为94％、106％、92％和102％。     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中的镉

建立了浊点萃取分离富集石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中痕量镉的方法.浊点萃取选择8-羟基喹啉为螯合剂,Triton X-100为表面活性剂.在pH 8～9、0.01%8-羟基喹啉和0.2%-Triton X-100、80 ℃水浴20 min的优化条件下,所建立方法的检出限为2.5 ng/L; 加标回收率为94.6%～106.2%; 对样品溶液进行富集的富集因子为17.利用该方法分别测定了2个实际水样和2个国家标准参考物质中的总镉含量,结果令人满意.     

Determination of Mecruy at Trace Level in Natural Water Samples by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry after Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration

Mercury as a heavy metal of high toxicity is one of the most harmful elements to human beings and other creatures. Since mercury concentration in natural water is low, proper preconcentration techniques are required to increase its concentration, lower it…     

磁性石墨烯固相萃取/原子吸收法测定环境水样中的痕量铜

以1-(2-吡咯偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)为络合剂络合水样中的痕量铜,以磁性石墨烯(G)纳米材料为固相萃取吸附剂,建立了测定水样中痕量铜的磁性固相萃取/火焰原子吸收分光光度法。此方法将磁性石墨烯比表面积大、吸附性能好的优点与Fe3O4纳米粒子的磁性相结合,采用的磁性固相萃取避免了传统固相萃取中离心和过滤等繁琐的操作步骤。对影响G-Fe3O4萃取效率的实验因素进行了优化。在优化实验条件下,对铜离子的富集倍数为80.4倍,线性范围为0.5～100μg/L,相关系数(r)为0.998 1,检出限为0.067μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.1%～5.2%。此方法成功地应用于矿泉水、自来水、公园湖水中铜离子含量的测定,其加标回收率为94%～103%。结果表明,该磁性石墨烯纳米材料G-Fe3O4对水样品中铜的PAN络合物具有较高的富集能力。     

Highly Selective and Sensitive Preconcentration of Mercury Ion and Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract

A simple and selective method based on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–coated chromosorb P modified by 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) has been developed to selectively separate and concentrate ultra trace amounts of mercury(II) ions for its highly sensitive measurement by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).

The mercury ions were adsorbed quantitatively on SDS‐coated chromosorb due to its complexation with MBO, while the retained Hg²⁺ ions were then stripped from the column with minimal amounts of 2 M nitric acid in acetone. The eluting solution was sent to CV‐AAS for evaluating Hg²⁺ ion content and results indicate that the calibration curve was linear for Hg²⁺ ion in the range of 0.05–85.6 ng mL^?1 and 0.09–9.6 µg mL^?1 of Hg²⁺ ions. Maximum capacity of the SDS‐coated chromosorb modified with 40 mg of the ligand was found to be 498±30 µg of mercury(II), the limit of detection was 0.01 ng mL^?1, and enrichment factors were about 300, which make it suitable it for dilute solution analysis. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Hg²⁺ ion content in real samples.     

Synthesis and Application of New Resin Functionalized by Brilliant Green for Spectrophotometric Determination of Mercury in Environmental Samples

Abstract

A new chelating resin was prepared by coupling Amberlite XAD-4 with brilliant green through an azo spacer, and it has been used for preconcentration and separation of mercury(II) in environmental samples prior to its determination by spectrophotometry. The sorption capacity of functionalized resin is 4.12 mg g^?1. Spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II), free from the interference of almost all cations and anions found in the environmental water samples, is a notable advantage of the method. The determination of Hg(II) in wastewater and seawater was carried out by the present method and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).     

Ozone as Releasing Agent: The Determination of Trace Mercury in Organic Matrices by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption

Abstract

Ozonization of aqueous solutions of organomercurials and mercury salts in organic complexing agents is recommended for releasing the mercury for direct determination by cold vapor atomic absorption. The combination of ozonization and subsequent reduction by sodium borohydride is particularly effective.     

Determination of Traces of Chromium in Foods by Solvent Extraction Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ABSTRACT

A simple methodology for Cr(III) determination in foods was developed through flame atomic absorption spectrometry with air/acetylene after a fast oxidation of Cr(III) with KM_nO₄ and pre-concentration of Cr(VI) in MIK as C_rO₂CI₂. A limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, of 4 μg/Kg and 13 μg/Kg Cr(III) were obtained in commercialized foods in São Paulo, Brazil. Two certificated samples as well as some food samples were analyzed with good results. A study of sample treatment showed that the dry ash method is the best.