A Multicolumn Ion Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Sulfate in Waters Containing Humic Substances

Abstract

A three-column ion chromatographic system for the removal of humic substances from natural waters, and subsequent on-line concentration and determination of nitrate and sulfate using non-suppressed ion chromatography is presented. Humic substances are removed using disposable adsorption columns packed with chemically bonded amine silica material. The sample is directly transfered to an ion exchange column where the anions are concentrated ca 10 times. After reversing the flow, the ions are transferred to a third column where they are separated and quantified. The detection limit is less than 1 mg L^?1 of nitrate or sulfate in water containing 45mgL^?1 of humic acid.     

土壤易溶盐浸提液中硫酸根和硝酸根的测定

对不同地区不同深度的土壤进行前期预处理,在最佳试验条件下,应用离子色谱法测定土壤浸提液中硫酸根和硝酸根的含量,测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和3.0%,加标回收率SO42-90.0%~100.0%、NO3-93.0%~101.0%.样品预处理操作简单,方法灵敏度和准确性高,结果稳定性好,检出限低,能满足土壤环境样品检验的要求.     

硫酸根离子对检验氯离子的干扰

在中学化学中,检验氯离子最常用的方法是向溶液中滴加硝酸银溶液,如果生成不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀,则说明溶液中存在氯离子。但在溶解性表中,硫酸银是微溶于水的,对此提出疑问:如果溶液中存在硫酸根离子,会不会生成微溶于水的硫酸银沉淀,从而干扰氯离子的检验?通过实验验证,当选用0.1 mol/L的硝酸银溶液时,硫酸根离子不会带来干扰。     

离子色谱法测定土壤中的Cl~–和SO_4~(2–)

采用离子色谱法测定土壤浸提液中的Cl–和SO42–。选择2.0 mmol/L Na2CO3–1.3 mmol/L NaHCO3混合液为淋洗液,流速为2 mL/min,在此条件下,Cl–保留时间为1.96 min,SO42–保留时间约为12.26 min,Cl–,SO42–的质量浓度分别在2~8,10~30 mg/L范围内与色谱参数线性相关,相关系数分别为0.999 4和0.999 7,Cl–,SO42–的平均加标回收率分别为93.8%,105.4%,测量结果的相对标准偏差均小于1%(n=6)。该法适用于土壤中Cl–和SO42–的测定。     

离子色谱法测定入海河口水中的硫酸盐

建立了离子色谱法测定入海河口水样中硫酸盐的方法。样品经0.45μm滤膜过滤后稀释进样,线性响应良好,基体干扰小,测定硫酸盐的方法检出限为0.03 mg/L,加标回收率为95.0%~99.5%,精密度为2.0%~2.5%。方法具有方便、快捷、检出限低、精密度和准确度高等优点,可以满足大批量样品的分析。     

Ion Chromatographic Determination of Traces of Sodium,Magnesium and Chlorine in Gadolinium Nitrate

Abstract

Two independent and sensitive ion chromatographic methods with suppressed conductivity were developed for determination of traces of Cl, Na, and Mg in gadolinium-nitrate. Na-Mg was determined by cation-exchange column after matrix separation, whereas Cl was analyzed without matrix separation by high capacity anion-exchange column. Detection limit for Cl was 0.01 µg mL^?1 in sample solution and 1 µg g^?1 in solid sample. The reproducibility (100 µL injected) was better than 3%, 3% and 4% at 50, 25 and 50 µg L^?1 level for Cl, Na, and Mg respectively. The overall precision was better than ±7% for Na-Mg and ±5% for Cl.     

Precise and Sensitive Water Soluble Ion Extraction Method for Aerosol Samples Collected on Polytetrafluoroethylene Filters

Abstract

The widely used aerosol collection filters composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) present a problem in the extraction of water soluble ions from the collection surface due to the hydrophobic nature of the Teflon. A method is presented for the extraction and analysis of water soluble ions from Teflon aerosol filters which is efficient and sensitive. This method uses a direct application of ethanol to the filter surface to decrease the surface tension of the filter and allow a dilute HC10, solution to contact the collection surface and extract any water soluble ions. This study compares this extraction method with other extraction methods currently being used. The results obtained from the extraction of water soluble ions from the Teflon filters were also compared to the results obtained from quartz filters collected on a colocated high volume sampler. From these studies, it is concluded that the hydrophobic nature of the Teflon filters makes the complete dissolution of water soluble ions exceptionally difficult and that the prewetting of the Teflon filters with ethanol minimizes dissolution and extraction problems.     

Bulk Acoustic Wave Sensor for Non-suppressed Ion Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Other Inorganic Anions in Vegetables

Abstract

A new type of bulk acoustic wave sensing device based on a conductivity-bulk acoustic wave frequency response is applied in ion chromatography to determine nitrate and other inorganic ions in vegetables. The present method has the advantages in its rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity and accuracy. Detection limits (peak=3[sgrave]) are obtained for NO₃ ^?, Cl^?, NO₂ ^?, H₂PO₄ ^? and SO₄ ^2? at concentrations of 1, 0.6, 1, 7 and 3 ng (on column), respectively. Neither derivatization nor a clean-up step is necessary besides filtration. For the IC analysis, the analytical column is a Shim-pack IC AI column, and the eluent is 2.0 mM phthalic acid solution with pH 4.0. A comparison of IC-SBAW with conventional IC is made. The method allows the simultaneous determination of nitrate and other inorganic ion levels in vegetables.     

Use of a Selective Ion Electrode for Determination of Nitrate in Soils

Abstract

A procedure for determination of nitrate in soils involving use of the Orion nitrate-selective electrode is described. It is rapid, simple, and precise, and it gives quantitative recovery of nitrate added to soils. The results by this procedure agree closely with those obtained by extraction-distillation methods of determining, nitrate in soil.     

离子色谱法测定胺液中硫酸根含量

建立了用离子色谱法测定尾气脱硫胺液中SO_4^(2-)含量的实验方法。采用A SUPP4-250型阴离子分析柱,以碳酸钠(1.8 mmol/L)+碳酸氢钠(1.7 mmol/L)的混合溶液为淋洗液,在流速为1.0mL/min,进样量为20μL的条件下进行检测。实验表明SO2-4的浓度在1.00~100.00!g/mL时,离子浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r>0.999,硫酸根的加标回收率在94.25%~106%,相对标准偏差在(n=7)0.59%~2.1%,实验结果与重量法结果相吻合。方法简便、快速,能够满足日常分析对胺液中硫酸根的测定要求。     

Direct Titration of Nitrate with Diphenylthallium(III) Sulfate

Abstract

Nitrate may be titrated with diphenylthallium(III) sulfate. The titration may be monitored amperometrically or potentiometrically. Fluoride, perchlorate, sulfate and phosphate do not interfere. Chloride, bromide and iodide interfere and must be removed. For amperometric titration, the range is 5 – 22 × 10^?3 M nitrate.     

离子色谱法测定硝酸钠晶体中微量亚硝酸根的方法研究

为保持大尺寸硝酸钠单晶的优良性能,要求控制其微量杂质NO2^-的含量在极低的浓度水平。因此亟需提供具有高实用性和强操作性的NO2^-的测定方法。研究并提出了梯度淋洗^-离子色谱法(A法)和阀切换^-离子色谱法(B法)两种分离模式。取样品0.2000g溶于水中,定容至100.0mL,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,取滤液进行离子色谱分析。梯度淋洗中,在9min以内用8mmol·L^-1KOH溶液将NO2^-从AS11^-HC阴离子交换柱上洗脱,并用电导检测。随后用30mmol·L^-1KOH溶液将交换柱上由样品而来的大量NO3^-在较短时间内洗脱,从而避免其对下一样品分析的干扰。在阀切换中,利用仪器的六通阀与加装的十通阀之间的切换实现NO2^-与其基体的高浓度NO3^-之间的分离。方法采用峰面积积分方式计算测试结果。上述两种方法的线性范围均在0.10~2.00mg·L^-1之间,检出限(3S/N)为8×10^-4%(A法)和5×10^-4%(B法)。另取同一样品分别按两种方法进行6次平行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为4.2%,3.2%。另分别在6份样品的基础上加入NO2^-标准溶液,按上述两种方法操作进行回收试验,测得回收率分别为92.5%~108%(A法)和95.5%~104%(B法),结果表明两种方法各有优缺点。     

离子色谱法测定减水剂中硫酸钠含量

建立了离子色谱法测定减水剂中硫酸钠含量的方法。减水剂试样溶于水中,采用201×7（717）强碱性阴离子交换树脂去除溶液中的有机物,进样量为20μL。在Metrosep A SUPP 5-250型阴离子分离柱上,以3．2mmol／L Na2CO3和1．0mmol／L NaHCO3混合溶液作为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测,以0．6mL/min流量洗脱,按峰面积定量。方法检出限（3S／N）为0．05mg／L。用标准加入法,以实体为基体进行回收试验,测得回收率为96．3％～104．3％。     

离子选择电极法测定食品添加剂硫酸钙中的氟离子

建立了氟离子选择性电极对食品添加剂硫酸钙中氟离子含量的测定方法,通过标准曲线法进行定量,线性相关系数为0.999 1,线性范围为0.2~3.0μg/mL,方法的相对标准偏差为3.2%,加标回收率为97.8%~102.0%,实验结果表明所建立的方法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品级硫酸钙中氟离子含量的测定。     

Rapid Analysis of Fluorine in Geological Samples with Ion Chromatographic Detection

Abstract

A method is described for the analysis of fluorine in geological samples involving the decomposition of the sample with phosphoric acid and the measurement of the fluoride ion concentration using an ion chromatograph. The detection limit is below 5 g F in the original sample. Multiple analyses of NBS-91 Opal Glass yielded a relative standard deviation of less than 2.5%. In excess of 30 samples can be analyzed in an 8 hour day. Potential interference from high carbon containing samples, such as oil shales, is discussed.     

离子色谱法测定地下水中硝酸盐氮含量的不确定度评定

采用不确定度连续传递模式,讨论了不同回归方式对离子色谱法测定岩溶地下水中硝酸根分析结果不确定度评定的差异.结果表明：（1）测定结果的不确定度主要来源于标准溶液配制过程引入的不确定度、校准曲线拟合及回归过程产生的不确定度和仪器测定过程引入的不确定度三部分;（2）不同校准曲线回归方式对测定结果的不确定度评定在不同测量水平上有不同的影响,当地下水中硝酸根含量越低,差异越大.此外,对不确定度评定过程中的各个分量进行量化,通过合成得到硝酸根测定结果的不确定度评定模型.     

二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子

建立二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子含量的方法。第一维采用去离子水作为流动相,经过Ion Pac ICE–AS1色谱柱将精己二酸中的硝酸根离子和己二酸进行预分离,分离出来的硝酸根富集于Ion Pac TAC–ULP1浓缩柱上。以淋洗液发生器产生的不同质量浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,将富集柱上的硝酸根淋洗下来,经第二维Ion Pac AS17–C色谱柱进行分离,以抑制型电导检测器测定硝酸根离子的含量。精己二酸中硝酸根离子的质量浓度在2.0~50.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,线性相关系数r20.999,检出限为0.10μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=7),加标回收率为98.0%~105.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度高,选择性好,能够准确测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子的含量。     

离子色谱法测定饲料级硫酸锌中氟和氯元素

建立了离子色谱法测定饲料级硫酸锌中氟和氯元素的方法。取一定量的硫酸锌溶于超纯水中,经0.22μm过滤膜以及Na过滤柱后,用10mmol/L至40mmol/L氢氧根体系淋洗液梯度淋洗后测定。大量的硫酸根不影响氟和氯的测定,线性相关系数在0.996以上,加标回收率在96%以上。方法简便快捷、准确、可靠。     

流动相离子色谱法测定化肥催化剂中硫酸根

This paper describes a method for determination of sulfate in fertilizer catalyst by the use of an active aluminium oxide column for separation and mobile phase ion chromatography. The recoveries of this method were from 99.7% to 102.2%. The coefficient of variation ranged from 2.13% to 5.50%. The results are satisfactory. The method is reliable,simple, accurate and applicable to the determination of sulfate in fertilizer catalyst after a pretreatment by hydrochloric acid.     

离子色谱法测定药物那曲肝素钙中游离硫酸根含量

将药物试样溶解于水中,定容为100 mL后经0.22μm滤膜过滤,离子色谱法测定滤液中游离硫酸根含量。采用AS11-HC型阴离子色谱柱进行分离,用22 mmol.L-1氢氧化钾溶液等度淋洗,流量1.0 mL.min-1,抑制电流55 mA。在此检测条件下,游离硫酸根质量浓度在0.50~10.0 mg.L-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.003μg.g-1。在3个浓度水平上进行精密度试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于2%。以3个药物试样作基体加入标准溶液作回收试验,测得平均回收率在102.0%~106.0%之间。