三步柱色谱法从江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化类凝血酶

建立了一种用CM Sepharose CL-6B阳离子交换、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换和Sephadex G-75凝胶排阻三步柱色谱从江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化类凝血酶的方法。在实验室小柱分离方案的基础上,对该纯化工艺进行了放大。当上样量达实验室小柱的25倍时,所得类凝血酶的质量指标与实验室小柱基本一致。采用该法所得的蝮蛇类凝血酶经Shim-pack Diol-300高效凝胶排阻柱测得其相对分子质量约为33500,用Shim-pack VP-ODS反相色谱柱检测其纯度约为96%。从江浙粗蛇毒中提取类凝血酶时,类凝血酶的总质量收率约为0.3%,总活性收率约为64%,比活可达2000 U/mg。     

正交晶型江浙蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2初步结晶学研究

The basic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys pallas possesses the ability to cause hemolysis in contrast to the other two phospholipase A2 from the same venom. A new form of crystals of this enzyme was grown. The crystals belong to space group of P212121 with unit cell parameters of a=9.175nm, b=10.080nm , c=2.287nm.The crystals diffract to high resolution, and are suitable for detailed structural studies. The data were collected up to 0.25nm resolution using synchrotron radiation-imaging plate-Weissenberg camera system. Preliminary analysis reveals the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric uint and the molecule may pack with the smallest dimension approximately parallel to the c axis. The new crystal form is more attractive than the monoclinic one previously reported for crystallographic structure determination as it contains fewer molecules in the asymmetric unit.     

白眉蝮蛇蛇毒和蛇毒酶的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法研究

应用基质辅激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦ－ＭＳ）法对长白山眉蝮蛇蛇毒和纯化得到的两种蛇毒酶进行了研究,得到了它们的分子质量并验证了纯度。同时还考察了不同产地的蛇毒、蛇毒蛋白浓度以及基质对分析结果的影响,实验结果表明ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦ－ＭＳ法是检测蛋白纯化过程和分析蛋白相对分子质量十分有效的手段。     

一种新的蛇毒解离素同系物的分离

为发现新的具有生物活性的蛇毒蛋白,以我国华南地区富有的蝮蛇蛇毒为分离样品源,采用高效液相色谱,从中分离出一种新的解离素同系物———AHP-4,建立了快速分离纯化蛇毒蛋白的方法。结构确认的结果表明,AHP-4的相对分子质量为7 554 Da,是由一条多肽链组成的蛋白质,N-端第1~15位的氨基酸序列为GEECDCGSPANPCCD。经GeneBank protein-protein BLAST检索及人工检索,在已知蛋白质N-端第1~15位氨基酸序列中,未发现与AHP-4氨基酸结构完全相同的蛋白质。AHP-4 N端第1~5位氨基酸序列与5种解离素中的氨基酸序列具有高度同源性,表明AHP-4是一种新的解离素同系物。     

滴滴涕单克隆抗体的制备及其评价

以滴滴涕(DDT)的特征部分为基础设计并合成了半抗原4-{4-[2,2,2-三氯-1-(4-氯-苯基)-乙基]-苯基}-丁酸(DDT-H1)、4-[4-(2,2,2-三氯-1-对甲苯基-乙基)-苯基]-丁酸(DDT-H2),并采用活泼酯法制备免疫原DDT-H1-BSA,以及混合酸酐法制备包被原DDT-H1-OVA、DDT-H2-OVA;用DDT-H1-BSA对小鼠进行免疫,通过细胞融合、筛选、克隆等步骤得到1株能稳定分泌DDT农药抗体的单克隆细胞株。细胞株经扩大培养后,注射小鼠体内产生腹水,并将其用辛酸-硫酸铵和protein A柱子纯化出单克隆抗体。其分泌的单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白亚类为Ig G1,单抗腹水的效价为1.68×105,亲和力Ka为5.238×1011L·mol-1,与其它几种代谢物有一定的交叉反应。在此基础上,利用获得的单抗研究建立DDT的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附检测法(ic ELISA)。结果表明,所建立的间接竞争ELISA方法的线性范围(IC20~IC80)为6.6~521.8 ng/m L,可用于检测农副产品、环境中残留的DDT及其代谢物。     

Preparation,Identification, and Preliminary Application of Monoclonal Antibody Against Pyrethroid Insecticide Fenvalerate

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate were achieved, identified, and applied in environmental water. Mice were immunized with a novel synthesized hapten conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Three positive clones of MAbs were obtained after cell fusion and hybridoma selection, among them MAb-2 (5B10) showed the highest reactivity toward fenvalerate. The IC₅₀ of MAb-2 was 94.5 ng mL^?1; moreover, it showed lower cross-reactivity with other pyrethroids such as bifenthrin, tetramethrin, deltamethrin and beta-cypermethrin. Optimization of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was studied. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 8.8 ng mL^?1 and the detection range was 0.017–27.33 μg mL^?1. For preliminary application, addition recovery experiments in water samples were performed. The mean recoveries of three kinds of samples varied from 90.6% to 108.7% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.5% to 5.3%. The results showed that MAb-2 could be used for the detection of fenvalerate contamination in environmental water.     

L-赖氨酸双酶电极的研制及应用

用交联法将赖氨酸脱羧酶与碳酸酐酶共同固定于CO_2电极透气膜上,制成L-赖氨酸双酶电极,讨论了该双酶电极的响应特性。用双酶电极测定了金针菇和强化赖氨酸食品中赖氨酸含量,与氨基酸自动分析仪所得结果一致。     

Determination of Chlorzoxazone in Rat Plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study

A sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for determination of chlorzoxazone in rat plasma has been developed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-C₁₈ column, with 45:55 (v/v) acetonitrile–water as the mobile phase. A LC-ESI-MS/MS was performed in a multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode using target ions m/z 167.5→131.6 for chlorzoxazone and m/z 230.7→185.6 for phenobarbital (internal standard). The calibration plots were linear over the range of 10.0–2,000 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were better than 5.1% and 6.8%, respectively. The validated method was successfully used to analyze the drug in samples of rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study.     

Preparation and Application of Monoclonal Antibody Against hNDRG2

The full-length hNdrg2 cDNA-coded 357 amino acids was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli strain DH5α as a 6× His-tagged protein. The purified 6× His-fusion protein was used to immunize mice for preparing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2). A hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody against Ndrg2 was obtained and named FMU-Ndrg2.3. Western blot analysis confirmed that this mAb is specific only to Ndrg2 but not to Ndrg1, Ndrg3, and Ndrg4-B. Some tissue distribution features of Ndrg2 proteins, such as thyroid, kidney, testis, prostate, and pancreas islets, were present by immunohistochemistry.     

Determination of Metoclopramide in Serum by HPLC Assay and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in Rat

Abstract

A simple, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for the determination of metoclopramide employing reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 270 nm. The separation was performed on a Novapak C₁₈, 4 μm (3.9 × 150 mm) column. Acetonitrile (18%) in 0.02 M ammonium acetate containing 0.1% triethylamine was used as the mobile phase and the run time was 7 min. Tramadol was used as the internal standard. The mean retention times of metoclopramide and tramadol were 3.4 and 4.6 min, respectively. Linear response (r > 0.997) was observed over the range of 0.025–5 μg/ml of metoclopramide. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between inter- and intra-day studies for metoclopramide. The mean relative standard deviations (RSD%) of the results of within-day precision and accuracy of the drug were < 10%. The applicability of the assay was demonstrated in measuring metoclopramide pharmacokinetics in rats. The elimination half-life was 2.09 ± 0.39 h with an apparent clearance of 2.45 ± 0.70 (L/h)/kg in rat.     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒酶的基质辅助激光解吸质谱分析

用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱法对长白山眉蝮蛇蛇毒所含４种主要酶：磷脂酶Ａ２,精氨酸酯酶,纤溶酶及Ｌ－氨基酸氧化酶进行了纯度鉴定和分子量测定,结果表明ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯ－ＦＭＸ具有灵敏度高,分辨能力强,分析时间短及样品用量少等优点。用ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦＭＳ法分析蛇毒酶的纯度和分子量简捷,快速且重现性好,是ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳所无法比拟的。     

Preparation of Anti-Cadmium-EDTA Complex Polyclonal Antibody and Its Application for Determination of Cadmium in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

A polyclonal antibody that can recognize cadmium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CD-EDTA) complex was prepared via the injection of New Zealand white rabbits with Cd-1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid–BSA (Cd-ITCBE-BSA). The polyclonal antibody displayed high levels of affinity for Cd-1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-OVA (Cd-ITCBE-OVA) with favorable titer of 1.28 × 10⁶. A simple, reliable, and economical indirect competitive immunoassay based on this polyclonal antibody was developed and validated for detection of cadmium. Assay optimization was performed with respect to chelator concentration, ionic strength, blocking solution, pH, and reaction time. The detection limit of the assay was 0.21 µg L^?1, and the effective linear range was from 10^?1 to 10³µg L^?1. The coefficient of variation (CV) of intra- and interassay were 1.0–8.2% and 2.3–6.9%, respectively. Results yielded low cross-reactivity of the assay to other tested metals such as Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺, except Hg²⁺, which showed a cross-reactivity of 7.4%. Spike recoveries of ultrapure water, tap water, and samples of the Yangtze River were 85.5–116.3%. These results show that this assay is suitable for quantitative detection of cadmium at trace levels in water samples.     

多层开管毛细管酶反应器的制备及在蛋白质酶切中的应用

以石英毛细管作为酶固定化的载体, 在毛细管内壁上逐步合成树枝形大分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM), 再通过交联剂戊二醛将胰蛋白酶直接键合到该大分子的末端氨基上, 并对酶固定化条件进行了优化, 制备了多层酶反应器. 利用该酶反应器对马心细胞色素C等蛋白质进行了酶切, 并对酶切的条件进行了优化. 实验结果表明, 该固定化酶反应器具有较高的酶切效率、良好的重现性和稳定性, 可用于蛋白质组学的研究.     

Rapid Determination of Ranitidine in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study

A rapid and sensitive assay based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of ranitidine(RAN) in human plasma with codeine as internal standard(IS).After protein precipitation with acetonitrile,the analyte and IS were separated on a Zorbax SB-Aq C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm) eluted with a mobile phase consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/10 mmol/L ammonium acetate containing 1% formic acid(pH=2.4)(volume ratio 12.5:12.5:75) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Detection was performed by electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by the multiple reaction monito-ring(MRM) of the transitions of RAN at m/z 315.1→176.3 and of IS at m/z 300.1→165.1.The method was linear over a concentration range of 1―1000 ng/mL(r=0.9991) with a lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL and a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.3 ng/mL.Accuracy as relative error was from-0.01% to-1.7% and intra-day and inter-day precisions as relative standard deviation were ≤8.9% and ≤5.5%,respectively.The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ranitidine,getting a single oral dose(160 mg) to healthy volunteers.     

酶催化反应模拟作用的研究及分析应用

生物转是化学和生物学交叉研究领域，包括生物催化剂（酶）工程和反应介质工程两大要素。一方面，开发性能优良的模拟酶，能模拟天然酶生物体内的高催化活性（酶模拟）；另一方面，介质工程可以用体外的方法模拟酶在生物体内细胞膜的微环境（膜模拟），对用体外的方法研究生物内催化信息，探讨生物体系的生命现象具有重要的意义。     

LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Cefotetan in Human Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） method for the de- termination of cefotetan in human plasma was developed and validated. After the protein precipitation of sample with acetonitrile, the analyte and internal standard（IS）, tramadol, were separated on a Zorbax XDB C8 column using ace- tonitrile/1%（volume fraction） formic acid（volume ratio 35：65, pH=2.5） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a 1 ： 1 split. The detection was performed by electrospray ionization with positive ion mode, followed by multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions for cefotetan at m/z 576.3→460.2（quantifier） and m/z 576.3→432.2（qualifier） and for IS at m/z 264.1→58.1. Cefotetan and IS were eluted at 1.86 and 1.87 rain, respectively. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-100 gg/mL for 20 μL of human plasma only with intra- and inter-day preci- sions（expressed as the relative standard deviation） of less than 6.62% and accuracies（as relative error） of ＋1.31%. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of a l-h intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of cefotetan disodium for human volunteers（n=6）.     

Rapid Quantification of Astilbin in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

Astilbin is a potential immunosuppressive agent with minor cytotoxicity. Its oral bioavailability is supposed to be rather low and therefore a sensitive analytical method is required for its pharmacokinetic study after oral administration. A simple, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the determination of astilbin in rat plasma. Plasma samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） with methanol-0.01%（volume fraction） formic acid（50：50, volume ratio） as mobile phase. Quantitive determination was achieved on negative LC-MS/MS by a multiple reaction moitoring method with transitions m/z 449.1→150.9（quantifier） and m/z 449.1→284.9（qualifier） for astilbin and m/z 128.9→42.0 for internal standard（IS）. A lower limit of quantification（LLOQ） of ng/mL was achieved within a short cycle time of 3.4 min. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving oral and intravenous administrations of 6 mg/kg astilbin to six rats.     

基于温敏型材料的固定化酶的制备及其在蛋白质组快速分析中的应用

蛋白质组学通过规模化鉴定、分析从细胞、组织或有机体中提取的蛋白质,从而获得蛋白表达、修饰、组成和定量的变化信息。在目前最为有效的“鸟枪法”蛋白质组学策略中,固定化酶试剂基质常用固相载体材料,该固定化酶试剂在酶解蛋白质时为异相体系,存在固液界面传质阻力和空间位阻,限制了酶解效率和样品处理通量。针对这一技术瓶颈,本研究利用温敏聚合物对外界温度变化的响应能力,制备了一种新型的基于可溶性温敏聚合物的固定化胰蛋白酶试剂。该固定化酶特有的温度敏感特性,使其具有“高温均相酶解,低温异相分离”的特色,且兼具酶切时间显著缩短、酶可重复利用的优势。 BSA 1 min固定化酶解产物肽段的氨基酸序列覆盖率可达94%,高于传统溶液酶解12 h所得覆盖率为(74%)。进一步将该固定化酶试剂应用于HeLa细胞全蛋白质组的酶解,其酶解效果与相同条件下溶液酶解12 h相当。该固定化酶试剂对复杂蛋白质的快速、高效酶解充分证明其在蛋白质组学研究中的应用潜力。     

Measurement of Free and Glucuronidated Cardamonin in Rat Plasma and Bile Using UPLC-MS/MS and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic and Bile Excretion Study

A rapid and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and validated for the measurement of two forms of cardamonin, i.e., free and glucuronidated, in the plasma and bile of rats. Cardamonin and an internal standard (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) were extracted from plasma and bile with ethyl ether via liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes in the extracts were separated by an Agilent Zorbax Stable Bond-C₁₈ column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) under isocratic elution conditions[acetonitrile(A) and 0.1% ammonium formate in water(B), 40:60(volume ratio)] with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and mass spectrometry in negative ion MRM mode was implemented for analysis. Good linearity over the wide ranges of 0.01-5 μg/mL for plasma and 0.025-10 μg/mL for bile samples was acquired. Method validation was performed according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods.     

Preparation of Anti-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoclonal Antibody for Application in an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Glycyrrhetinic acid is a major metabolite of glycyrrhizin, which is one of the main components of licorice roots and is considered to be one of the pharmacologically active substances in licorice. A new hybridoma cell line, named G-2A6, was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes, which were immunized using glycyrrhetinic-acid–keyhole limpet hemocyanin to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against glycyrrhetinic acid. Using the anti-glycyrrhetinic acid mAb, we attempted to develop a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). The developed icELISA had a range from 3.91 to 125?ng/mL with low coefficients of variation (less than 5%) and demonstrated a high recovery rate of glycyrrhetinic acid spiked into licorice powder (average?=?101.76%). In addition, the icELISA could determine the glycyrrhetinic acid concentration in glycyrrhetinic-acid-spiked human serum with simple pretreatment, which suggests that the developed ELISA system using anti-glycyrrhetinic acid mAb would prove to be an effective and useful tool for determining glycyrrhetinic acid in various fields such as the analysis of Glycyrrhiza plants and pharmacokinetic studies of glycyrrhetinic acid during the administration of glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, and/or licorice-based medical agents.