Addition of polyfluoropolyhaloethanes to alkenes

In the presence of CrCl3/Fe redox system, polyfluoropolyhaloethanes readily added to electron-deficient or electron-rich alkenes, giving the corresponding 1:1 hydropolyfluoroalkyla-tion product or 1:1 adduct in high yields. This reaction provided a simple and convenient method to synthesize building blocks containing a CF3 or CF2 moiety.     

Reductive Deoxygenation of Carbonyl to Methylene

The reductive deoxygenation of aldehydes and ketones into the corresponding alkanes is accomplished by LiAlH4, in the presence of Lewis acid InBr3. It provides a convenient method to complete the transformation from carbonyl compounds to alkanes.     

Application of Calcite Veins to Study of Newly-activated Faulting

The study of period and chronology of fault activity in major worksites in an area with exposed basement rocks is quite difficult. The authors have applied the combinative techniques of field investigation, microscopic observation and isotopic dating to studying the calcite veins filled in the fault zones in several major engineering regions and got successful results. The following conclusions are reached: (i) The last period of strong activity of fault F8 in the Tianshengqiao Hydropower Station, Nanpan River is 200 ka B. P. , and there has been, no obvious activity since 150 ka. (ii) The last period of strong activity for 5 faults in Shixiali Reservoir, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province is 200-300 ka B. P. , and there has been no obvious activity since 200 ka. The research results provide a sound basis of engineering geology for project designers.     

Zinc-Mediated Addition of Bromoacetonitrile to Aldimines

Thecarbon-nitrogendoubleb0ndhaselectrophilicityandtlleadditi0nofcarbonnucle0-plillestocarbon-nitf0gendoublebondinilninesconstitutesanimpohalltmeti1odforti1eprepamtionofsecondnyamines.Asaclleapai1defficientreagentmetalliczinchasbeenwidelyusedinil1eallylationofaldehydesandket0nes',aswellasilnines2.Itissh0wnll1atzinclinsalilghreactivitytomediatehleforlnation0fcarbon-carbonbondundermildreachoncondihons,anditwouldhaVeawiderusein0rganicSynti1esis.BecauseofitselectronwitlldrawiIlgproperty,llleCNgro…     

Kinetics of 1,3-Cycloaddition of α-Diazoalkanones to Maleic Anhydride

The kinetics of 1,3-cycloaddition to maleic anhydride were studied by examples of reaction with five-, six-, and seven-membered -diazocycloalkanones. The order of magnitude of the thermodynamic activation parameters in the reaction series investigated corresponds to a concerted mechanism of the process under consideration.     

Application of silver electrode to the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin

Several aspects of the application of silver electrode to the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin have been discussed in this paper . The silver electrode could not only be used directly as the electrode for the electrochemical studies of hemoglobin, but also react with phenothiazine and benzimidazole to give stable and useful mediator-coated electrodes. In addition, the silver electrode could help sodium dodecyl sulfate to give full play to its promoting effect on the protein.     

Addition of Organocuprates to Ketoketenimines. Synthesis of β-enaminoketones

Base-induced ring cleavage of 3-unsubstituted isoxazolium salts followed by reaction of the resulting ketoketenimine with organocuprates affords asymmetric β-enaminoketones in high yields.     

Cyclizations of acetoacetates to α-acyltetronic acids

Cyclizations of β-ketoesters derived from α-hydroxyacetates haveproven problematic; adjustment of reaction conditions allows forgood yields of the λ-unsubstituted-α-acyltetronic acid.     

Attachment of Gold Nanoparticles to Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes were initially chemically modified with an H2SO4-HNO3 treatment, and subsequently activated with Pd-Sn catalytic nuclei via a one-step activation approach. These activated nanotubes were used as precursors for obtaining gold nanoparticles-attached nanotubes via simple electroless plating. This approach provides an efficient method for attachment of metal nanostructures to carbon nanotubes. Such novel hybrid nanostructures are attractive for many applications.     

The asymmetric addition of phenylacetylene to aldehydes

Enantioselective formation of C-C bonds is an area of intense research.Among them, the asymmetric addition of alkynyl reagents to aldehydes is very useful for the synthesis of chiral secondary propargyl alcohols, which are very important building blocks for many chiral organic compounds, and the acetylene and hydroxyl founctional group of propargyl alcohol can be easily transfered into many other structures.1Recently, many significant chiral ligands have been disclosed.2 Here, we report our r…     

Determination of enthalpy of ionization of water from 250 to 350° C

The enthalpy changes at zero ionic strength (H°) for the ionization of water (H₂O=H⁺+OH^–) were determined by flow calorimetry from the heats of mixing of aqueous NaOH and HCl solutions in the temperature range 250 to 350°C. Pitzer ion-interaction models developed by other workers were used to calculate enthalpies of dilution of aqueous NaOH, HCl, and NaCl solutions for the extrapolation of H values from the conditions of the experiment to infinite dilution. Equations are derived for thermodynamic quantities (log K, H°, S°, C _p ^° and V°) for the ionization of water using the H° values determined in this study from 250 to 350°C and literature log K and H° values from 0 to 225°C. Smoothed values of log K, H°, S°, C _p ^° , and V° are presented at rounded temperatures from 0 to 350°C and at the saturation pressure of water for each temperature. The equations in the present study provide a better representation of experimental thermodynamic data from 0 to 350°C than the Marshall-Franck equation.     

Indium-Mediated Addition of α-Bromoketone to Aldimines

Asanewandusefulreagentinsyntheticchemistry,indiummetalhasarousedmuchinterestinrecentyears.TheuseofindiummetalinReformatskyreactionandinBarbiertypereactionwithcarbonylcompoundshasbeendocumented.ThecyclopropanationofcarbonylcomPoundsbylndiumhasbeenknown3-TheallylationofaldiminesbyindiumundersimpleBarbiertypeconditlonshasalsobeenreported'.Howevertheuseofindiuminorganicsyn-thes1shasnotreceivedadequateattentiondespiteitslowcostandavailability.Oneofthemostobvlousadvantagesoftheindium-mediatedreact…     

New Routes to the Synthesis of Mes

New　Routes　to　the　Synthesis　of　Mes...     

Assessment of the degree of destruction of biodegradable polyethylene films due to UV radiation according to an “electronic nose”

The results are presented of the detection of volatile organic compounds, that is, degradation products of polymers, under the influence of UV radiation decomposition of polymer films from oxobiodegradable polyethylene on samples using an “electronic-nose” gas analyzer based on other selective piezosensors. The polymer films were obtained using different prooxidants: d2w, carboxylate, and iron stearate. The dependence of the composition of the films of the compounds was related to the treatment time, the power of the UV radiation, and the nature of the additives.     

Application of Embedded Zerotree Wavelet to the Compression of Infrared Spectra

In this paper the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) method and Huffinan coding are proposed to compress infrared (IR) spectra. We found that this technique is much better than others in terms of efficiently coding wavelet coefficients because the zerotree quantization is an effective way of exploiting the self-similarities of wavelet coefficients at various resolutions.     

Application of the method of chromatographic plates toΒ-dicarbonyl compounds

Summary The chromatographic behavior of-dicarbonyl compounds was investigated using as an adsorbent silica gel — starch fastened to a glass plate.     

Addition of some α-halogeno ethers to α-thiooxides of alkenes

Summary Products of the addition of allyl chloromethyl ether, -chloroethyl methyl ether, -acetoxyethyl chloromethyl ether, cyclohexyl chloromethyl ether, and -chloroethyl ethyl ether to the thiooxides of ethylene and propylene have been prepared.     

Mechanism and Dynamics of the Addition of Lithium Hydride to Acetylene

Reaction ergodography for the addition of lithium hydride to acetylene indicates that the lithium hydride, in both monomeric and dimeric forms, reacts with the acetylene via two similar and competitive pathways. Hence, we have obtained the pseudo-first-order rate constant of this reaction.     

Deformation Potential Approach to the Calculation of Mobilities of Carriers and Conductivity of trans-Polymonocyanoacetylene

The deformation potential theory for one-dimensional organic polymer is studied. This approximation is then used to calculate the mobilities of carriers and the conductivity of trans-polymonocyanoacetylene (PMCA). The results of calculations are in fairly good agreement with experimental data.