Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium(II) by Solid-Phase Spectrophotometry

A simple and sensitive method for solid-phase spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) at µgL^–1 level based on the reaction product of Pd²⁺ with disodium 1-nitroso-2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulphonate (Nitroso R salt) previously immobilized on Dowex 1×1 anion exchanger has been developed. The experimental factors (wavelength, pH, amount of resin, concentration of Pd²⁺ solution, volume of solution sample, equilibration time) were optimized. The advantages of this procedure as opposed to solution methods are discussed. The results obtained with synthetic solutions clearly indicate the suitability of the proposed method for real samples analysis.     

4, 5-二溴苯基荧光酮光度法测定微量钯

研究了在十二烷基磺酸钠存在下,Pd(Ⅱ)与4,5 二溴苯基荧光酮的显色反应.试验表明,在pH6 3醋酸 醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,Pd(Ⅱ)与试剂形成1∶4的暗黄色配合物,配合物的最大吸收峰位于376nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为1 06×105L/(mol·cm).Pd(Ⅱ)含量在0～12μg/10mL范围内符合比尔定律.所拟方法用于钯催化剂和钯矿样中微量钯的测定,结果满意.     

Some Arylidene-2-Pyridylhydrazone Derivatives as Reagents for Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium (II)

Abstract

A method for spectrophotometric determination of palladium by complexation with Arylidene-2-pyridylhydrazone derivatives in 50% (V/V) ethanolic solution are described-Pd(II) forms a 1:1 complex with the reagents. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.2-6.5 μg ml^?1. The effect of pH, effect of excess reagent, stability of complexes as well as the tolerance amount of many metal ions have been reported. The method is applied, with fair accuracy, to the determination of pd(II) in synthetic solutions.     

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Palladium and Rhodium with2，4－TADAT

ＳｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｔｏｍｅｔｒｉｃＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＴｒａｃｅＰａｌｌａｄｉｕｍａｎｄＲｈｏｄｉｕｍｗｉｔｈ２,４－ＴＡＤＡＴＺＨＡＮＧＸｉａｏ－ｌｉｎｇ;ａｎｄＺＨＡＮＧＧｕａｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈ...     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯

在磷酸－磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液中，以钯（Ⅱ）催化次磷酸钠还原罗丹明Ｂ褪色为指示反应，建立了痕量钯的动力学光度分析新方法。在金（Ⅱ）的存在下，检测下限达５×１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ钯（Ⅲ），方法应用于模拟合金样和含钯分子筛中钯的测定。结果满意。     

金属有机化合物中微量钨的测定

本研究了在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵存在下，６，７－二羟基－２，４－二苯骈吡喃氯化物与钨的胶束增敏反应，在０．１６－０．３０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中，钨与ＤＤＰＢＣ生成红色配合物，其组成比为１：２最大吸收峰在５１５ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数ε＝６．４７×±１０＾４。含钨量０－１２μｇ／１０ｍＬ符合比尔定律。用于多种金属有机化合物中微量钨的测定，方法简单，快速，结果满意。     

Simple and Simultaneous Method for Determination of Palladium(II) and Ruthenium(III) using Second-Order-Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A simple, sensitive, and selective second-order-derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of palladium(II) and ruthenium(III) using 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HMBATSC) as a chromophoric reagent. The reagent (HMBATSC) reacts with Pd(II) and Ru(III) at pH 3.0, forming soluble yellowish green and dark brown species, respectively. Palladium and ruthenium present in the mixture were simultaneously determined without solving the simultaneous equations by measuring the second derivative amplitudes at 445 nm and 385 nm, respectively. Further, the Beer's law was obeyed in the range 0.21–12.78 µg mL^?1 and 0.25–13.42 µg mL^?1 for Pd(II) and Ru(III), respectively. A large number of foreign ions did not interfere in the present method. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of palladium in hydrogenation catalysts and ruthenium in water samples.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Chromium(VI) in Mass Chromium(III)

There is little conclusive evidence of the toxic effects of Cr(III) so far, but Cr(VI) has carcinogenic activity, so the analysis of the chromine ions is very important in environmental research and the quality control of industry products. Usually Cr(III) and Cr(VI) interfere with each other in the species analysis, the measurement of Cr(VI) of numerous previous papers is related to the Cr(VI) samples, which contain a little Cr(III). When the amount of trivalent chromine exceeds ten …     

间羧基偶氮羧光度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了间羧基偶氮羧与Cr2 O2 -7的褪色反应 ,建立了一种新的测定痕量Cr(VI)的光度方法 .发现其在高氯酸介质中具有高灵敏的褪色反应 ,摩尔吸收系数达到 3 .5× 10 6L/mol·cmCr(VI)量在 0～ 48μg范围内符合比尔定律     

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Cadmium(II) in Food Samples with 2-Acetylmercaptophenyldiazoaminoazobenzene (AMPDAA)

A novel chromogenic reagent, 2-acetylmercaptophenyldiazoaminoazobenzene (AMPDAA), has been prepared by coupling 2-aminoacetylthiophenol to 4-aminoazobenzene through the –NH–N=N– group. In the presence of TritonX-100, AMPDAA reacts with Cd(II) in 1:1 triethanolamine medium to form a red complex with maximum absorption at 529nm. Under the optimal conditions, Beers law is obeyed over the range of 0.0 to 1.0µgmL^–1 Cd(II), and the apparent molar absorptivity is 2.4× 10⁵Lmol^–1cm^–1. Based on this, a highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for direct determination of trace cadmium. The detection limit and the quantification limit were found to be 6.5 and 9.7µgL^–1, respectively. The absorbance of AMPDAA-Cd(II) complex was 0.1881± 7.5×10^–3 with a 4.9% relative standard deviation for five repeated measurements of the sample containing 2µg of cadmium in 25mL solution under the same experimental conditions. Interference of foreign ions was also investigated. Except for Ag(I) and Hg(II), most foreign ions can be tolerated in considerable amounts. Interference caused by Ag(I) and Hg(II) can be reduced by adding sodium thiosulfate. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace cadmium in rice, grain and flour samples with satisfactory results.     

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) by Second‐Derivative Spectrophotometric Method in Micellar Media

A second‐derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero‐crossing over technique is developed in simultaneous determination of copper(II) and nickel(II) ions. Methylthymol blue (MTB) as a chromogenic reagent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant were used, and measurements were carried out in buffered solution at pH 6 and at a temperature of 25 °C. The amplitude of derivative spectra was measured at wavelengths of 631.9 and 587.7 nm for the simultaneous determination of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the range of 0.5–5.0 μg mL^?1 for both ions in the presence of 0.0–5.0 μg mL^?1 of the other ion as an interfering ion. IUPAC detection limits for Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions were obtained at 0.48 and 0.43 μg mL^?1, respectively. The proposed procedure has been applied successfully for the simultaneous determination of copper and nickel in synthetic binary mixtures and real samples.     

二甲基黄催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯

根据在 H2 SO4 介质中钯 ( )催化高碘酸钾氧化二甲基黄的褪色反应 ,提出了测定钯的新催化光度法。钯浓度在 0 .0～ 6.0μg/2 5 m L范围内与催化反应速率呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为 2 .1 9× 1 0 - 3μg /m L。对 3.0μg/2 5 m L钯 ( )测定的相对标准偏差为 0 .78% ( n=1 1 )。此法用于某些催化剂中钯的测定 ,标准加入回收率为 99.5 %～ 1 0 4 .1 %。     

Synthesis of New Reagent Benzyloxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone (BBTSC): Selective,Sensitive and Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Pd(II) in Water Samples and Synthetic Mixtures

A new reagent, benzyloxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone (BBTSC) was synthesized and a new method was developed for the simple, highly selective and extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) with BBTSC at wave length 365 nm. The metal ion formed a yellow colored complex with BBTSC in acetate buffer of pH 5.0, which was easily extractable into cyclohexanol with 1:1 (Metal: Ligand) composition. The method obeys Beer's law in the range of 5–60 ppm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 0.4 × 10⁴ Lt. mol^?1 cm^?1 and 0.02661 μg cm^?2, respectively. The correlation co‐efficient of the Pd(II)‐BBTSC complex was 0.9657, which indicated an excellent linearity between the two variables. The repeatability of the method was checked by finding the relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 10), which was 0.321% and its detection limit 0.016875 μg.mL^?1. The instability constant of the method was calculated by Asmus' method as 3.5714 × 10^?4. The interfering effect of various cations and anions were also studied. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of palladium(II) in synthetic and water samples. The results were compared with those obtained using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, testing the validity of the method.     

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) by Second-Derivative Spectrophotometry

4-(2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol, PAR, is shown to be useful for simultaneous determination of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) using second-derivative spectrophotometric method with controlled experimental parameters. This method allows the determination of 0.20-1.25 ppm of nickel(II) and 0.25-1.50 ppm of cobalt(II) in mixtures with good precision and accuracy. This method has advantages of simplicity, speed and requires no prior separations.     

两次双波长分光光度法同时测定钼和钨的研究

本文把等吸收双波长法和双峰双波长法结合起来。建立了一种新型高灵敏度的同时测定铝、钨的两次双波长光度法。测定Mo、W的摩尔吸光系数分别为1.9×10~5和1.7×10~5L·mol~(-1).cm~(-1),测定范围1.5～8.0μg/25ml和4.0～15μg/25ml,相互允许量Mo:W=2:1～1:10,该法用于合成水样及标准钢样中的Mo和W的同时测定,结果满意。     

Selective Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium (II) with Di-2-Pyridyl Ketone 2-Pyridyl-Hydrazone (DPPH)

Abstract

Palladium (II) reacts with DPPH in slightly acid medium to form a red colored complex stable in presence of EDTA and extractable into chloroform.

These properties of the Pd(II)-DPPH complex were used for the selective extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) in presence of several tested cations.     

Determination of Osmium(VIII) and Palladium(II) in Mixtures by Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of osmium(VIII) and Palladium(II) (up to 15 μ9/ml of Os and 11 μ9/ml of Pd) in mixtures, by first and second derivative spectrophotometry, using allyl thiourea as reagent, is described.

A statistical analysis of the results is reported.     

催化动力学光度法测定富硒茶叶中痕量硒

本文研究了Se催化过氧化氢氧化甲基橙反应体系测定痕量Se的方法。硒浓度在0～65．7μg／L范围内与褪色反应率lg(A0／A)呈线性关系。方法检出限为0．76μg／L。用于茶叶中硒的测定，结果较满意。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯

基于乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液（ｐＨ４．７５）中，痕量钯（Ⅱ）催化次磷酸钠还原孔雀绿褪色的反应，研究了反应的最优化条件和动力学参数，建立了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的痕量钯的催化动力学光度分析新方法。方法的检测限为２。２７３×１０＾－７ｇ／Ｌ，线性范围０．１￣０．８μｇ／２５ｍＬ，方法应用于模拟合金试样的测定，取得满意的结果。     

Application of Multivariate Calibration Methods for the Simultaneous Multiwavelength Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) in Mixtures

Abstract

A sensitive method for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) in mixtures has been developed with the aid of multivariate calibration methods, such as classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS). The method is based on the spectral differences of the analytes in their complexation reaction with 4‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐resorcinol (PAR) and the use of full spectra with wavelengths in the range of 300–600 nm. It was found that both the spectral positive and negative bands obtained against the PAR blank, are proportional to the concentration for each metal complex. The obtained linear calibration concentration ranges are 0.025–0.6, 0.05–0.8, 0.025–0.8, and 0.05–0.8 µg ml^?1 for Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II), respectively, and the LODs for the four metal ions were found to be approximately 1–3×10^?2 µg ml^?1. The proposed method was applied to a verification set of synthetic mixtures of these four metal ions, with models built in three different wavelength ranges, i.e., 300–450, 450–600, and 300–600 nm, corresponding to the positive, negative bands and their combinations, respectively. It was shown that the PLS model for the 300–600 nm range gave the best results (RPE_T=6.9% and average recovery ～100%; cf. PCR: RPE_T=9.5% and average Recovery ～110%). This method was also successfully applied for the determination of the four metal ions in pharmaceutical preparations, chicken feedstuff, and water samples.