基于改进格林元的压裂水平井动态分析方法

以建立高效的动态分析方法为出发点,以边单元作为求解点,改进传统的格林元方法,减少未知数和求解矩阵维度;并提出基于改进格林元的加密网格加密方法,保证考虑复杂裂缝网络的压裂水平井动态模拟的早期精度.退化模型与半解析解、数值模拟结果进行对比,验证本文基于加密网格的改进格林元方法的准确性和动态分析的高效性.最后进行动态响应的敏感性分析,结果表明：①格林元方法是一种高精度的动态模拟方法,将求解节点设置在网格的边上可以提高压裂水平井动态模拟的速度;②改进格林元方法的加密基于叠加原理,不需要通过插值近似,其求解精度高.在相同加密网格条件下,基于本文改进格林元方法的加密效果比有限差分加密效果更佳;③复杂裂缝导流能力、改造区渗透率提高倍数、改造区大小等参数对压裂水平井动态特征影响较大,在动态分析和参数反演时,应着重考虑这些因素的影响.     

基于空时级联滤波的拖船自噪声抵消方法

拖船自噪声属于近场多途强干扰信号,具有显著角度扩展现象,是影响拖曳阵探测性能的重要因素之一。在逆波束形成自噪声抵消方法基础上,结合空域和时域滤波,提出了空时级联滤波的拖船自噪声抵消方法。首先,由方位估计器估计拖船自噪声方位,经过波束形成空域滤波估计得到自噪声信号;然后,利用自噪声空域滤波输出设计最优维纳滤波器,将自噪声抵消在阵元级。基于简正波声场模型的仿真和实际海试数据的处理表明,该方法能够有效抵消拖船自噪声,性能优于逆波束形成方法。     

基于Wigner-Ville分布的宽带回波瞬时多普勒估计方法

研究了基于Wigner-Ville分布的宽带回波瞬时多普勒估计方法。利用时频分析特有的时、频特征分离的特点,通过信号Wigner-Ville分布的时频相关,进行回波信号瞬时多普勒的估计,并通过理论证明其等价与传统的多普勒估计方法;在此基础上,本文提出了一种基于互Wigner-Ville分布峰值估计的瞬时多普勒估计方法。通过仿真研究,发现基于互Wigner-Ville分布峰值估计的方法具有更低的估计信噪比门限,大大降低了运算量,有利于工程实时应用。     

横向各向同性地层快速各向异性反演方法

斯通利波的频散特性常用于反演横向各向同性地层的各向异性。该文重点对斯通利波频散曲线随井孔和地层弹性模量相关参数的变化规律进行了探讨,提出了频散曲线的快速插值计算方法,经过误差分析验证了插值频散计算的可行性。据此提出了通过对参数大间隔取值建立理论频散数值表,插值计算不同各向异性参数的频散曲线,对比波形频散快速反演横向各向同性地层各向异性的方法。基于实轴积分法计算的横向各向同性地层井孔声场分别进行了插值频散快速反演和传统方法反演,对比结果证实了该文提出的快速反演方法的准确高效性,并且对数据加噪后验证了快速反演方法的抗噪性。     

元胞方法与蒙特卡洛方法相结合的薄膜生长过程模拟

利用仿真方法从原子尺度研究薄膜生长过程是当前薄膜研究领域的热点. 目前, 仿真方法主要在纳米尺度模型实现, 时空需求很大. 针对这一问题, 本文提出元胞和蒙特卡洛相结合的模拟方法, 实现对微米尺度模型薄膜生长过程的模拟. 利用元胞方法来实现模型表示以及演化计算, 从而降低对内存空间的要求, 提高计算效率, 并使用蒙特卡洛方法计算粒子的扩散概率. 通过对氮化硅薄膜生长过程进行具体研究, 将模拟结果与实际实验结果和分子动力学演化结果进行表面形貌和成分的比较, 验证了该方法的有效性.     

Numerical reconstruction stability of fiber Bragg gratings

Traditional algorithms for solving the inverse scattering problem for a fiber Bragg grating are described, and a new numerical method for this problem is developed. The method is based on the fast inversion of a matrix using its Toeplitz symmetry and on a special “inner-bordering” procedure. It is shown that the method is equally efficient as the well-known discrete layer peeling method but exceeds the latter in accuracy, especially for high-reflectance gratings. The stability of the proposed method with respect to initial data errors is demonstrated.     

基于液晶分划和数字图像处理的正透镜焦距测量研究

讨论了一种基于LCD、CCD和数字图像处理的正透镜焦距测量方法 ,是光电法自动化测量光学系统多个参数的一种有益的探讨。用液晶屏显示分划图形取代平行光管的分划板 ,用CCD在接收方采集数字图像并送入计算机 ,通过图像处理和分析得出被测透镜的焦距。运用叠加的方法提高图像的信噪比 ;结合重心法和平行线拟合方法求取平行线对的间距 ;应用高精度焦距标准透镜标定数字图像和实际像之间的比例关系。详细介绍了测量和图像处理的方法 ,进行了公式推导和误差分析 ,并给出了实验结果     

A parallel Vlasov solver based on local cubic spline interpolation on patches

A method for computing the numerical solution of Vlasov type equations on massively parallel computers is presented. In contrast with Particle In Cell methods which are known to be noisy, the method is based on a semi-Lagrangian algorithm that approaches the Vlasov equation on a grid of phase space. As this kind of method requires a huge computational effort, the simulations are carried out on parallel machines. To that purpose, we present a local cubic splines interpolation method based on a domain decomposition, e.g. devoted to a processor. Hermite boundary conditions between the domains, using ad hoc reconstruction of the derivatives, provide a good approximation of the global solution. The method is applied on various physical configurations which show the ability of the numerical scheme.     

A new volume-of-fluid method with a constructed distance function on general structured grids

A second-order volume-of-fluid method (VOF) is presented for interface tracking and sharp interface treatment on general structured grids. Central to the new method is a second-order distance function construction scheme on a general structured grid based on the reconstructed interface. A novel technique is developed for evaluating the interface normal vector using the distance function. With the normal vector, the interface is reconstructed from the volume fraction function via a piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) scheme on the computational domain. Several numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present method. In general, the new VOF method is more efficient than both the high-order level set and the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) methods. The results from the new method are better than those from the benchmark VOF method, particularly in the under-resolved regions, and are comparable to those from the CLSVOF method. Breaking waves over a submerged bump and around a wedge-shaped bow are simulated to demonstrate the application of the new method and sharp interface treatment in a two-phase flow solver on curvilinear grids. The computational results are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements.     

激光光切法测量不规则堆料的截面面积

在分析现有各种三维测量方法的基础上,提出了基于光切图像扫描法的三维测量方法。该方法通过扫描移动堆料,获取堆料上一系列平行截面的轮廓线,并计算出截面面积,然后根据各截面面积和扫描间距解算出物体体积。在此基础上,设计完成了实验检测装置,开发了处理与测量软件。对不同形状的物体进行了多次实验测试,验证了测量方法的可行性和重复性。     

Interferometric Direction Finding by a Vector-Scalar Receiver

A method for interferometric direction finding of a broadband sound source in an oceanic waveguide by a single vector-scalar receiver is presented. The method is based on the double Fourier transform of the interference pattern formed during motion. The efficiencies of the proposed direction finding method and the method based on measuring the delay times of signals arriving at spaced scalar receivers are compared based on the natural experiment results. The noise immunity of the interferometric direction finding method is considered.     

A Sound Field Separation and Reconstruction Technique Based on Reciprocity Theorem and Fourier Transform

We show a method to separate the sound field radiated by a signal source from the sound field radiated by noise sources and to reconstruct the sound field radiated by the signal source. The proposed method is based on reciprocity theorem and the Fourier transform. Both the sound field and its gradient on a measurement surface are needed in the method. Evanescent waves are considered in the method, which ensures a high resolution reconstruction in the near field region of the signal source when evanescent waves can be measured. A simulation is given to verify the method and the influence of measurement noise on the method is discussed.     

基于相机rawRGB通过加权多项式和维纳估计方法重建光谱反射率

基于相机RGB预测物体光谱反射率的研究一直备受研究者们的关注。传统方法都是通过单一光源下的信息进行光谱反射率恢复。最近,Zhang等在Color Research & Application报道了一种基于单光源相机RGB信息预测物体光谱反射率的两步方法。首先基于单个光源下的相机响应RGB值,挑选出一定量的训练数据,采用多项式模型和伪逆的方法预测出不同光源下的CIE XYZ值;然后根据预测的多光源下的CIE XYZ值及整体训练数据预估光谱反射率,再通过预估的光谱反射率挑选一定量训练样本,通过伪逆方法预测出物体光谱反射率。尽管仍然基于一个光源下的相机响应RGB,但通过映射到多光源下的色度值XYZ,提高输入信息的维度来优化光谱反射率的重建精度。受Zhang等工作的启发,提出新的基于单一光源下相机的raw RGB响应信息,通过三阶多项式模型扩展的加权最小二乘方法对多光源下的CIE XYZ值进行预测,然后根据预测出的多光源下的CIE XYZ值再通过维纳估计的方法进行光谱反射率重建,通过这样的两步方法实现从相机响应RGB到光谱反射率的重构。该新方法,采用全体训练数据,应用十分方便,避免了Zhang等的方法需要挑选一定量的局部训练样本的问题。同时Zhang等的方法挑选出的局部训练样本同等重要,而该方法在第1步中,根据训练样本与给定的测试样本的接近程度,赋予训练样本不同的权重,以提高预测精度。通过采用140色色卡作为训练样本,24色色卡和自制的44色印刷品样本进行测试,以判断预测和实测反射率接近程度的均方根误差（RMSE）和人感知色差为评价标准进行比较,结果表明,该方法明显优于Zhang等的方法,而且预测精度随着光源数量的增加而提高,当光源个数达到6时,表现最佳。     

低频电磁脉冲对复杂电大目标耦合效应

针对复杂电大目标电磁脉冲耦合效应缺乏定量研究的问题,基于时域有限差分方法(FDTD)建立了一套电磁脉冲耦合效应建模与评估分析流程,开展了低频电磁脉冲激励下的仿真试验,获取和分析了特性数据,进而提出了一种表面加载透明导电材料的低频电磁脉冲激励防护方法。试验结果表明:基于功率密度的易损性分析具有良好的工程适用性,而且防护方法对低频电磁脉冲激励具有较好的屏蔽效能。     

HL-RBWO-冷腔特性的一种快速算法

在传统谐振法基础上发展了一种计算慢性结构（SWS）冷腔参数的脉冲响应法,它的主要思想是利用有丰富谐波成分的窄脉冲作为激励源来代替实验系统中的扫频源,从而使得获取RBWO的色散曲线速度大大加快。这种方法使得脉冲响应法成为计算SWS冷腔参数的一种快速数值算法,更加适合于数值计算,并在研究HL-RBWO时得到有效的应用。     

一种基于重叠块的遥感图像压缩算法

以大图像块或整个图像为处理单元的图像编码算法需要大量的内存来缓存图像,且编码过程中也会消耗大量内存,这种直接分块算法往往带来方块效应,影响图像的恢复质量。提出了以重叠块为单位的提升小波变换的方法,重叠分块可减小编码器对大块内存的需求,同时还可去除分块引入的方块效应。在变换中提出了多级并行分解方法,提高了分解效率。在对重叠块提升小波变换后的子带进行了统计分析,采用了DPCM与SPIHT相结合的方法。对直接分块、重叠分块、不分块算法进行了对比实验。结果表明,经重叠分块算法压缩的遥感图像具有较高的恢复质量。     

Scanning moiré and spatial-offset phase-stepping for surface inspection of structures

In order to develop a high-speed and accurate surface inspection system of structures such as tunnels, a new surface profile measurement method using linear array sensors is studied. The sinusoidal grating is projected on a structure surface. Then, the deformed grating is scanned by linear array sensors that move together with the grating projector. The phase of the grating is analyzed by a spatial offset phase-stepping method to perform accurate measurement. The surface profile measurements of the wall with bricks and the concrete surface of a structure are demonstrated using the proposed method. The change of geometry or fabric of structures and the defects on structure surfaces can be detected by the proposed method. It is expected that the surface profile inspection system of tunnels measuring from a running train can be constructed based on the proposed method.     

Lattice Boltzmann method on quadtree grids for simulating fluid flow through porous media: A new automatic algorithm

During the past two decades, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been introduced as a class of computational fluid dynamic methods for fluid flow simulations. In this method, instead of solving the Navier Stocks equation, the Boltzmann equation is solved to simulate the flow of a fluid. This method was originally developed based on uniform grids. However, in order to model complex geometries such as porous media, it can be very slow in comparison with other techniques such as finite differences and finite elements. To eliminate this limitation, a number of studies have aimed to formulate the lattice Boltzmann on the unstructured grids. This paper deals with simulating fluid flow through a synthetic porous medium using the LB method and on the quadtree grid structure. To this end, the LB method was used on nonuniform grids coupled with a technique for image reconstruction which resulted in the quadtree grids for simulation of fluid flow through porous media. Accuracy and efficiency of this algorithm is compared against the conventional LB method based on uniform grids. While the decrease in computational time in the proposed LB method on nonuniform grids is found to be significant regarding the size of the initial and reconstructed images, the same level of accuracy is obtained when compared with the conventional LB method on uniform grids.     

HL-RBWO-冷腔特性的一种快速算法

 在传统谐振法基础上发展了一种计算慢性结构（SWS）冷腔参数的脉冲响应法，它的主要思想是利用有丰富谐波成分的窄脉冲作为激励源来代替实验系统中的扫频源，从而使得获取RBWO的色散曲线速度大大加快。这种方法使得脉冲响应法成为计算SWS冷腔参数的一种快速数值算法，更加适合于数值计算，并在研究HL-RBWO时得到有效的应用。     

界面捕捉Level Set方法的(AMR)数值模拟

在流体力学方程的计算中采用高精度WENO格式,用AMR(adaptive mesh refinement)方法提高流场局部分辨率,在采用Level Set函数标定物质界面的计算中用GFM(ghost fluid method)方法进行界面处理,尝试将AMR技术与界面追踪技术相互融合并应用于数值模拟,对不同的模拟结果进行了比较.