应用Kalman filter建立时间投影室的径迹重建算法

建立直线径迹模型,详细验证将其用于Kalman filter小型时间投影室径迹重建算法的正确性.结果表明径迹参数在一定的击中点下能够收敛到真实值.实际的径迹重建程序在MarlinTPC框架下实现.通过合理地选择径迹重建参数,程序能够有效地对噪声进行甄别并重建出径迹.本算法对大型时间投影室的径迹重建有借鉴意义.     

CsI(Tl)晶体的α/γ波形数字化实时甄别

基于Cs I(Tl)探测器对α/γ粒子的波形甄别能力,采用电荷比较法设计了一种波形实时甄别系统.介绍了实时甄别系统的设计原理,利用60Co-γ源、241Am-α源对实时系统进行了甄别实验,探究了不同参数对甄别效果的影响,并给出了最优甄别效果下的参数设置.研究表明,设计的数字化实时波形甄别系统体积小,能准确、实时地甄别开α/γ粒子,最佳品质因子大于1.4,事件计数率可达3×105/s.     

基于重心算法的结构光投影技术研究及应用

本文提出了一高精度查找非相干结构光中心位置的重心算法.根据此算法,对台阶投影法和狭缝投影法两种非相干结构光的投影技术进行了探讨,并对两种投影方法的精度进行了检测与分析.经检测证明了台阶投影法具有精度高和适合于非对称、不规则旋转体的形状测量等优点,特点是它解决了传统的结构光法中难以测量的大梯度面形的测量问题.本文利用重心算法和台阶投影法,对面形不规则的柴油机活塞头及流道进行了全三维形貌测量,给出了测量的结果,证明了该重心算法和投影方法的可靠性.     

用于中小型飞行模拟器的球带幕投影镜头的光学设计

针对现有沉浸式飞行模拟器进一步小型化和低成本化的需求,设计了一款应用于中小型飞行模拟器的球带幕投影镜头。论文确定了投影方案中各部件(球带幕、投影机、投影物镜)的关键参数,设计的球带幕投影镜头具有172°的视场角和6∶1的反远比,将一台装有该镜头的投影机置于银幕上沿就可以将画面投满整个球带幕。文中给出了大视场、大反远比光学系统的构造方法,对大视场非相似成像系统中的畸变、场曲和相对照度进行了分析和讨论,并给出了改善照度均匀性的有效途径。该镜头以8片透镜的低成本结构满足了4 k分辨率的高质量投影需求,在奈奎斯特频率185 lp/mm处全部视场的MTF值均达到了0.4以上,且具有良好的工艺性。     

CsI(Tl)晶体的$lt;i$gt;α$lt;/i$gt;/γ 波形数字化实时甄别

基于CsI（Tl）探测器对α/γ 粒子的波形甄别能力,采用电荷比较法设计了一种波形实时甄别系统. 介绍了实时甄别系统的设计原理,利用⁶⁰Co-γ源、²⁴¹Am-α源对实时系统进行了甄别实验,探究了不同参数对甄别效果的影响,并给出了最优甄别效果下的参数设置. 研究表明,设计的数字化实时波形甄别系统体积小,能准确、实时地甄别开α/γ粒子,最佳品质因子大于1.4,事件计数率可达3× 10⁵/s. 关键词： 数字化波形甄别 实时 电荷比较法 CsI(Tl)晶体     

线性代数方程组的行处理法

从几何角度对非奇异线性代数方程组行处理法的收敛性给出证明和收敛速度估计式，介绍其三维投影加速技术并提出对角面投影加速技术，讨论行处理法的迭代止判断。     

电荷投影法及其应用

给出了电荷投影法的一般表述，并举例说明其重要应用。     

参数不确定量子细胞神经网络与Lorenz超混沌系统的函数投影同步研究

研究了具有不确定参数的量子细胞神经网络系统与Lorenz超混沌系统的函数投影同步.设计了自适应追踪控制器来实现两个不同系统渐进同步到已知的比例函数,并运用Lyapunov稳定性方法进行了证明.理论分析了量子细胞神经网络系统不确定参数的系数向量线性无关性,实现了不确定参数的识别和估计.数值仿真结果验证了函数投影同步和参数估计的有效性.     

SVM参数优化方法分析与决策

针对支持向量机应用过程中的参数选择问题,从UCI数据库选择样本集,分别采用传统的网格法、智能优化算法中的粒子群法及遗传算法实现核函数参数寻优过程,将所得最佳参数应用到样本测试中。在深入分析优化过程中各参数关系、参数对支持向量机性能的影响以及传统与智能优化算法的优劣后,得出了核函数优化策略。即先使用智能优化算法初步确定最优解范围,再结合网格法进行高精度寻优。实验数据验证了参数优化策略的有效性,为扩大支持向量机泛化率、提高应用性做了铺垫。     

纸币图像Gabor特征提取与识别

研究了基于Gabor滤波器组的人民币图像识别方法。针对纸币图像特点,设计了适合于其特征提取的Gabor滤波器组参数,得到了纸币图像多尺度多方向上的纹理特征,然后对纹理图像进行网格划分,并计算网格中像素灰度均值行列投影和,最后采用网格投影特征模板匹配法进行纸币识别。实验表明该法抗干扰能力较强,能够较大提高旧币和污染纸币识别率,并且耗时不长。     

光电位置敏感器件的非线性分析及应用

阐述光电位置敏感器件（PSD）的结构、特性和工作原理，并根据PSD的原理和特性分析其产生非线性的几种主要因素。导出PSD的输出信号与光强无关的位置方程。设计出一种低温漂高精度的PSD非线性硬件调制电路。分析了插值算法、神经网络优化法以及解析法等对PSD的非线性进行修正的有效性，并对给出的部分实验数据进行了分析。最后对PSD在光学三角法测量、自动检测以及高精度测量中的应用作了进一步的讨论与展望。     

基于多途信道的舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度估计*

针对低信噪比下利用单水听器估计辐射噪声功率谱密度精度较差的问题,提出一种基于多途信道传输函数估计的垂直阵测量估计1 m处舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度的方法。该方法将信道传输函数表示为多途路径近场阵列流形向量的叠加,较快地估计了信道传输函数,将其用于舰船辐射噪声功率谱密度估计,可较简便地估计距声中心1 m处辐射噪声的功率谱密度,即谱源级。分析了产生功率谱密度估计误差的原因,包括信道估计误差和环境噪声引起的误差,为降低估计误差提供了理论依据。仿真结果表明,该方法估计1 m处辐射噪声功率谱密度的性能良好。     

光敏层电阻率非均匀分布对PSD定位影响的研究

采用数值方法对光敏层电阻率的非均匀分布及对位置敏感探测器(PSD)的影响进行了研究,结果显示,在现有的制作工艺保障最大电阻率变化不超过1%时,电阻率的非均匀分布对四边形PSD的非线性影响很小,相比较之下,其对一维PSD的影响要大的多。因此,光敏层电阻率的非均匀分布是造成一维PSD非线性的一个主要原因,而对于四边形二维PSD则不是主要原因。     

近对称谐振腔的变换圆图解分析

利用传播圆-变换圆图解分析方法，通过对不同结构谐振腔的分析和对比，得出一种宜于推广的自锁模激光谐振腔——近对称谐振腔，其锁模运转易于启动且工作性能比较稳定；通过实验对近对称腔的工作性能进行了验证，并对一种五镜锁模腔进行了分析。五镜腔实质上等价于近对称四镜腔。     

Particle Size Distribution by Combined Elastic Light Scattering and Turbidity Measurements. A Novel Method to Estimate the Required Normalization Factor

Turbidity (T) and Elastic Light Scattering (ELS) measurements can be combined to estimate the particle size distribution (PSD) of a polymer latex. To this effect a “normalization factor” must be employed to adequately scale both measurements. In a real application, such factor is a priori unknown, and it must be estimated for determining the PSD. In a previous publication, a method was proposed to simultaneously estimate the normalization factor and the PSD by solving an inverse nonlinear problem. In this work, a simpler technique is presented which estimates the normalization factor and the PSD by sequentially solving two inverse linear problems. To evaluate the proposed technique, a synthetic example based on a polystyrene latex sample with a bimodal PSD was solved. It is shown that, for slight noise measurements, the errors in the estimation of the normalization factor are quite small and have a low effect on the PSD recovery.     

二维光电位置敏感器件的非线性修正

根据二维光电位置敏感器件 (PSD)的工作原理 ,分析了影响PSD线性度的主要因素 ,提出了一种用神经网络对PSD进行非线性修正的方法。以PSD的输入输出数据对作为样本训练的神经网络 ,利用神经网络所具有地能够以任意精度逼近非线性函数的能力 ,实现PSD的输出与实际光点位置之间的映射 ,在神经网络的输出端得到线性响应。该方法的优点是不需要很大的数据存储量即可得到很好的修正效果。结果表明 ,修正后的PSD能在较宽的位置范围内输出高线性度的信号     

利用功率谱密度评价离子束抛光光学元件表面粗糙度

利用功率谱密度(PSD)评价光学表面粗糙度具有传统评价手段(Ra)所不具备的优势。给出了功率谱密度的计算方法,以及抽样方向与一维PSD曲线的关系。在离子束抛光K9玻璃实验中引入PSD曲线,以评价抛光光学零件的光学表面粗糙度,结合PSD曲线与Ra值能够更全面的指导光学加工。     

Multiangle dynamic light scattering analysis using a modified Chahine method

Multiangle dynamic light scattering (MDLS) is used to determine particle size distributions (PSDs). The angular intensity weighting coefficients used in the inversion of the PSD data affect dramatically the PSD recovered. Noise in the weighting factors gives rise to poor PSD results. A modified Chahine method, which is insensitive to the noise of the weighting coefficients, is developed for estimating the PSD from MDLS. The method was evaluated through simulated examples that involved unimodal and bimodal PSDs of different shapes and employed for estimating two bimodal PSDs obtained by mixing two standard polystyrene latexes. For comparison, all examples were also analyzed using a nonnegatively-constrained Tikhonov regularization technique typically used for inverting ill-conditioned linear problems. The PSDs estimated by the proposed modified Chahine method were more accurate than those obtained by the Tikhonov technique.     

Study of the filter method for neutron pulse-height distributions measured with organic scintillators

Identification of neutron sources is of interest in several fields, such as homeland security or basic nuclear physics. Organic scintillators offer the possibility to unfold fast-neutron energy spectra. Since organic scintillators are sensitive to neutrons and gamma-rays, a method to discriminate these two types of particles is required. This paper is focused on investigation of the discrimination properties of the filter method by using a new procedure. We compare the results of an experimental filter method to a digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) method based on charge integration. In addition, these methods are compared to the simulation results obtained with the MCNPX-PoliMi code. The experimental and numerical investigations were performed with a ²⁵²Cf spontaneous-fission neutron source. The integration of the number of counts gave the relative differences between the experimental filter and digital PSD neutron pulse-height distributions (PHDs) and simulated PHDs less than approximately 5% in the range between 60 keVee and 1.715 MeVee of light output. Above 1.715 MeVee, the PSD method has advantages over the filter method, due to the filter method having significantly worse counting statistics. The results show that the filter method has potential for robust neutron measurements when the PSD method cannot be applied, such as for ‘old’ organic plastic scintillators without PSD capability.     

Characterization of spherical core–shell particles by static light scattering. Estimation of the core- and particle-size distributions

A numerical method is proposed for the characterization of core–shell spherical particles from static light scattering (SLS) measurements. The method is able to estimate the core size distribution (CSD) and the particle size distribution (PSD), through the following two-step procedure: (i) the estimation of the bivariate core–particle size distribution (C–PSD), by solving a linear ill-conditioned inverse problem through a generalized Tikhonov regularization strategy, and (ii) the calculation of the CSD and the PSD from the estimated C–PSD. First, the method was evaluated on the basis of several simulated examples, with polystyrene–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell particles of different CSDs and PSDs. Then, two samples of hematite–Yttrium basic carbonate core–shell particles were successfully characterized. In all analyzed examples, acceptable estimates of the PSD and the average diameter of the CSD were obtained. Based on the single-scattering Mie theory, the proposed method is an effective tool for characterizing core–shell colloidal particles larger than their Rayleigh limits without requiring any a-priori assumption on the shapes of the size distributions. Under such conditions, the PSDs can always be adequately estimated, while acceptable CSD estimates are obtained when the core/shell particles exhibit either a high optical contrast, or a moderate optical contrast but with a high ‘average core diameter’/‘average particle diameter’ ratio.