球形弹丸作用下钢/铝爆炸复合靶的抗侵彻性能

采用14.5 mm滑膛枪发射直径6 mm的钢质球形弹丸对双层钢/铝、3层钢/铝/钢爆炸复合靶进行侵彻实验,借助LS-DYNA3D非线性有限元程序进行数值模拟,应用固连-失效模型反映层间结合,分析了不同组合形式对靶板抗侵彻性能的影响,并对毁伤机理进行初步分析.结果表明:靶板总厚度一定时,3层靶的抗侵彻性能优于双层靶;双层...     

等离子喷涂层接触疲劳失效模式及失效机理的研究

研究了等离子喷涂层在不同应力水平下的接触疲劳失效模式与声发射幅值的对应关系,并分析了涂层的接触疲劳失效机理.结果表明:声发射幅值与接触应力的大小无明显的关系,根据疲劳失效时的声发射幅值可以判断涂层接触疲劳失效模式,幅值为87～93 dB时易发生剥落或分层失效,幅值为78～83 dB易发生点蚀失效.涂层表面微凸体与轴承球滚压接触产生黏着磨损以及涂层、磨粒、轴承球三者形成的三体磨料磨损是点蚀失效产生的主要原因.剥落失效主要与涂层表面微观缺陷处裂纹的萌生、扩展以及表面磨损行为有关.层内分层失效是由涂层内部最大剪切应力控制的,而界面分层失效主要是由涂层与基体的低结合强度、热失配以及界面剪切应力造成的.     

泡沫铝冲击吸能器被动冲击隔离技术研究

对隔振系统中引入泡沫铝冲击吸能器进行探讨.首先,在综合考虑最大加速度和最大相对位移这2个影响舰船设备防护的重要指标情况下,对舰船单层隔振系统中引入泡沫铝冲击吸能器进行了理论分析,在此基础上进行了实验验证.通过实验结果可知,泡沫铝冲击吸能器能有效消除舰船设备的二次冲击.实验结果与理论结果吻合较好,可为泡沫铝冲击吸能器的应...     

爆炸载荷下分层梯度泡沫铝夹芯板的失效模式与抗冲击性能

采用弹道冲击摆系统开展了爆炸载荷下分层梯度泡沫铝夹芯板的变形/失效模式和抗冲击性能实验研究,并配合激光位移传感器得到试件后面板中心点的挠度-时程响应曲线。研究了炸药当量和芯层组合方式对夹芯板试件变形/失效模式和抗冲击性能的影响。实验结果表明,泡沫铝夹芯板的变形/失效模式主要表现为面板的非弹性大变形,芯层压缩变形、芯层拉伸断裂以及芯层剪切失效。在研究爆炸冲量范围内,非梯度芯层夹芯板的抗冲击性能明显优越于所有分层梯度芯层夹芯板。对于分层梯度夹芯板试件,爆炸冲量较小时芯层组合形式对分层梯度芯层夹芯板的抗冲击性能的影响不大,而爆炸冲量较大时,最大相对密度芯层靠近前面板组合形式的分层梯度夹芯板试件抗冲击性能较好。研究结果可为泡沫金属夹芯结构的优化设计提供参考。     

双波护栏-汽车碰撞动力响应与吸能机理研究

我国西部山岭重丘区山高谷深,高速公路跨线天桥、弯道及坡道较多,这些特殊路段的防撞设施多采用立柱加密的双波护栏.通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元数值仿真,对加密立柱双波护栏在汽车碰撞作用下的动力响应进行了研究,分析了双波护栏的碰撞能量转换与吸能机理,结果表明加密立柱的双波护栏对车辆碰撞具有良好的吸能、导向作用.     

开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的力学与吸能特性研究

研究泡沫铝的力学与缓冲吸能特性有助于其在武器、航天与航空等领域的广泛应用。通过对开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的实验研究发现:开孔和闭孔泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线都明显呈现出线弹性变形、塑性屈服(平台段)和致密化3个阶段;闭孔泡沫铝较开孔泡沫铝的平台段更加明显;闭孔泡沫铝的吸能效率较开孔泡沫铝的高,比开孔泡沫铝更适合作缓冲元件。     

舱内爆炸载荷及舱室板架结构的失效模式分析

通过对典型半穿甲导弹打靶实验中舰艇结构破坏模式的观察,结合数值模拟,分析了舱内爆炸载荷的特征以及舱内爆炸下舱室板架结构的失效模式。结果表明,舱内爆炸下,舱室板架结构承受的冲击载荷及失效模式与敞开环境爆炸下加筋板结构承受的冲击载荷及失效模式有较大区别,其动态响应难以用敞开环境爆炸下加筋板结构的动态响应描述;舱内爆炸载荷主要有壁面反射冲击波、角隅汇聚冲击波以及准静态气体压力,其中两壁面和三壁面角隅汇聚冲击波的强度分别为相同部位壁面反射冲击波强度的5倍和12倍以上;舱室板架结构主要有4种失效模式,其中模式Ⅲ、Ⅳ较常发生;舱室板架结构加强筋布置在迎爆面将使板架中部的局部破坏程度增加,但有利于削弱角隅汇聚冲击波强度,减小板架沿角隅部位的撕裂破坏。     

爆炸载荷作用下加筋板的失效模式分析及结构优化设计

通过对爆炸载荷下具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板的有限元模拟,探讨了抗爆加筋板结构优化设计方法,分析了加筋板的失效模式以及加强筋相对刚度和冲击载荷强度对加筋板失效模式的影响,指出了失效模式Ⅰ下的3种变形模态以及失效模式Ⅱ下的2种子失效模式,得到了失效模式Ⅰ下加强筋和加筋板最大挠度的近似计算公式,提出了单根加筋板的两种失效模式的判别条件,并对具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板抗爆结构进行了优化设计。结果表明,通过数值模拟或模型实验可以求得任意加筋板结构由发生塑性大变形到发生破损的临界条件,从而确定抗爆性能最强时加筋板的质量与加强筋横截面尺寸及间距间的关系,实现对抗爆加筋板结构的优化设计。     

二硫化钼溅射膜在潮湿空气中贮存后润滑性能的退化与失效机理

为了探讨ＭｏＳ＿２溅射膜在潮湿空气中贮存期间所发生的化学变化这个长期争议未了的问题，以空间机械常用的９Ｃｒ１８轴承钢为底材，利用ｒｆ溅射法沉积ＭｏＳ＿２薄膜，并且利用Ｘ射线光电子能谱仪、俄歇电子能谱仪和Ｘ射线衍射仪等对这种薄膜在室温（１１－１５℃）下于相对湿度为１００％的潮湿空气中贮存不同时间后的组成、元素价态和晶体结构进行了分析，考察了它在潮湿贮存过程中所发生的化学变化及其润滑性能的退化与失效机理，检测发现，ＭｏＳ＿２溅射膜经潮湿贮存一天就有少量的Ｍｏ￣（４＋）氧化生成了Ｍｏ￣（６＋），在潮湿贮存５天时又发现有少量的ＳＯ生成，随着贮存时间的延长，不仅膜中Ｍｏ￣（６＋）／Ｍｏ￣（４＋）之比在不断地增大，表明有更多的Ｍｏ￣（４＋）发生了深度氧化，而且Ｓ￣（２－）发生氧化生成的ＳＯ之含量也越来越大。由此可见，ＭｏＳ＿２溅射膜在室温下于潮湿空气中贮存期间与氧和水发生了化学反应，生成物是ＭｏＯ＿３和Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４．Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４的生成致使薄膜表面的凝聚水呈现出ｐＨ值为１．５－２．０的强酸性，从而造成了金属底材的腐蚀。ＭｏＳ＿２的深度氧化和金属底材的腐蚀是导致ＭｏＳ＿２溅射膜在潮湿环境中润滑性能退化与失效的主要原因。     

矿用防冲吸能支护构件的数值分析与实验研究

煤矿冲击地压会造成围岩剧烈震动、变形或突发破坏,从而对支护体产生破坏性冲击作用。基于快速吸能让位防冲击支护理念,研制了一种具有特殊形状的防冲击吸能支护构件,可应用于巷道防冲吸能液压支架中。其机理在于利用构件的快速变形让位与吸能过程,缓解支架受到的超额冲击,保护支架不受损坏,从而防止支护体系以及巷道围岩的失稳破坏。文中提出了吸能构件的承载力与吸能量简化公式,采用Abaqus软件计算分析了构件参数设置的可靠性,得到了理想的力-位移曲线、吸能量曲线和屈曲变形模态,并通过实验室准静态压溃试验进行了一定的验证,试验得到吸能构件承载力达2660kN,吸能量达375.56kJ,与预期值非常接近。此构件的设计与研制,为支架的现场应用以及进一步的优化设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构抗爆吸能试验及数值模拟分析

通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝和混凝土组成的复合结构进行接触爆炸试验,探讨了聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能,并进行数值模拟分析。结果显示:聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能性能明显优于泡沫铝,吸能层厚度对吸能效果影响很大,多层结构的聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能性能对比厚度一致的单层吸能层结构没有明显的改善;在保证了比较合理的吸能层厚度后,防护结构的每一层材料层存在着一个最佳的厚度组合来保证复合层优良的抗爆性能。     

孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击响应及吸能特性研究

采用有限元方法研究爆炸载荷下四边固支孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应及吸能特性,给出了孔结构金属复合夹芯板的动力响应过程,得到夹芯板的变形模式,比较了孔结构金属复合夹芯板与非孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能,同时讨论了孔大小、间距、排布方式和面板质量分布等因素对孔结构金属复合夹芯板抗爆炸冲击性能的影响。研究结果表明,迎爆面外面板的孔设计使爆炸冲击波穿过孔洞直接作用在芯材上,增强了芯材的压缩,从而提高了夹芯板的能量吸收能力。同等面密度情况下,内外面板厚度比大于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板变形挠度小于内外面板厚度比小于1的孔结构金属复合夹芯板。进一步研究发现,通过合理设计内外面板的质量分布,可以使孔结构金属复合夹芯板的抗爆炸冲击性能最优。     

Deformation mode and energy absorption of polycrystal-inspired square-cell lattice structures

Lattice structures are widely used in many engineering fields due to their excellent mechanical properties such as high specific strength and high specific energy absorption (SEA) capacity. In this paper, square-cell lattice structures with different lattice orientations are investigated in terms of the deformation modes and the energy absorption (EA) performance. Finite element (FE) simulations of in-plane compression are carried out, and the theoretical models from the energy balance principle are developed for calculating the EA of these lattice structures. Satisfactory agreement is achieved between the FE simulation results and the theoretical results. It indicates that the 30° oriented lattice has the largest EA capacity. Furthermore, inspired by the polycrystal microstructure of metals, novel structures of bi-crystal lattices and quad-crystal lattices are developed through combining multiple singly oriented lattices together. The results of FE simulations of compression indicate that the EA performances of symmetric lattice bi-crystals and quad-crystals are better than those of the identical lattice polycrystal counterparts. This work confirms the feasibility of designing superior energy absorbers with architected meso-structures from the inspiration of metallurgical concepts and microstructures.     

Interlaminar stresses and energy release rates in delaminated orthotropic composite plates

The classical laminated plate theory is applied to calculate the stresses and energy release rate function in symmetrically delaminated orthotropic plates. First, the equilibrium of classical plate forces, moments and interfacial shear stresses is formulated. Second, the displacement continuity between the interface plane of a double-plate model was considered. The governing equation system of the double-plate model consists of ten equations. As an example a delaminated, orthotropic, simply-supported plate subjected to a point force is analyzed. The distribution of the plate forces as well as the interlaminar shear stresses over the uncracked part were determined. Moreover, the mode-II and mode-III energy release rate distributions along the crack front were calculated by the J-integral. The 3D finite element model of the delaminated composite plate was also created. The results indicate a reasonably good agreement between analysis and numerical calculation.     

In-plane crushing behavior and energy absorption design of composite honeycombs

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were used to study the in-plane crushing behavior of single-cell structures and regular and composite honeycombs. Square, hexagonal, and circular honeycombs were selected as honeycomb layers to establish composite honeycomb models in the form of composite structures and realize the complementary advantages of honeycombs with type I and type II structures. The effects of honeycomb layer arrangement, plastic collapse strength, relative density, and crushing velocity on the deformation mode, plateau stress, load uniformity, and energy absorption performance of the composite honeycombs were mainly considered. A semi-empirical formula for plateau stress and energy absorption rate per unit mass for the composite honeycombs was developed. The results showed that the arrangement mode of honeycomb layers is an important factor that affects their mechanical properties. Appropriately selecting the arrangement of honeycomb layers and the proportion of honeycomb layers with different structures in a composite honeycomb can effectively improve its load uniformity and control the magnitude of plateau stress and energy absorption capacity.     

Partition energy absorption of axially crushed aluminum foam-filled hat sections

The “interaction effect” between aluminum foam and metal column that takes place when foam-filled hat sections (top-hats and double-hats) are axially crushed was investigated in this paper. Based on experimental examination, numerical simulation and analytical models, a systemic approach was developed to partition the energy absorption quantitatively into the foam filler component and the hat section component, and the relative contribution of each component to the overall interaction effect was therefore evaluated. Careful observation of the collapse profile found that the crushed foam filler could be further divided into two main energy-dissipation regions: densified region and extremely densified region. The volume reduction and volumetric strain of each region were empirically estimated. An analytical model pertinent to the collapse profile was thereafter proposed to find the more precise relationship between the volume reduction and volumetric strain of the foam filler. Combined the superfolding element model for hat sections with the current model according to the coupled method, each component energy absorption was subsequently derived, and the influence of some controlling factors was discussed. According to the finite element analysis and the theoretical modeling, when filled with foam, energy absorption was found to be increased both in the hat section and the foam filler, whereas the latter contributes predominantly to the interaction effect. The formation of the extremely densified region in the foam filler accounts for this effect.     

Analytical/experimental investigation of energy absorption in grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading

In this paper we summarize preliminary results from an analytical/experimental study of the energy absorption characteristics of grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading. Tests and quasi-static finite element analysis simulations were carried out for isogrid E-glass/polypropylene panels in three-point bending. The results of the tests and simulations show that these types of structures have excellent damage tolerance and that most of the energy absorption occurs beyond initial failure. It is also observed that even though the peak load is greater for loading on the skin side, the specific energy absorption and the range of displacements over which energy is absorbed are significantly better when the load is applied on the rib side.     

破片撞击起爆柱面带壳装药的临界速度修正判据

为获得适用于柱面带壳装药的冲击起爆修正判据,以Picatinny工程判据为基础加入修正项进行修正。采用AUTODYN-3D软件对破片撞击柱面带钢壳的B炸药进行数值计算,获得了破片入射角、装药曲率半径对炸药临界起爆速度的影响规律;通过拟合得到修正项表达式,建立了考虑破片入射角、柱壳装药形状函数的炸药起爆临界速度修正判据。判据计算值与实验数据和数值计算值吻合较好,该判据能较好的预测柱形带壳装药的冲击起爆条件。     

Perforation of steel and polycarbonate plates by tumbling projectiles

An experimental investigation to assess the effect of tumbling by hard-steel, blunt-faced cylindrical projectiles on the impact response of thin 4130 steel and polycarbonate target plates was performed. Deformation and failure phenomena were observed and discussed; comparisons of the results with analytical models and numerical stimulation, described in a previous paper, were also performed for the steel targets. The final velocity of the projectile and the crater length in the target were correlated with the striker impact angle (or yaw angle with a zero oblique angle); reasonable agreement was attained among the experimental, analytical and numerical results. It was found that an increase of the impact angle can increase the velocity drop and the crater length markedly. The increase tends to be stabilized after the impact angle exceeds 50° and the consequences in such a case are almost the same as in side-on impact.