仲辛基苯氧基乙酸从烯土中萃取分离钪及其机理

首次研究了一处新型萃取剂仲辛基苯氧基乙酸(CA-12)萃取钪的性能及其机理,通过研究平衡水相酸度,萃取剂浓度和浊度对萃取平衡的影响,用斜率法和等摩尔系法确定了CA-12萃取钪的机理,并求得CA-12萃取钪的热力学函数,计算了平衡反应的浓度平衡数学及钪同其它稀土离子的分离系数,指出CA-12是一种从稀土(III)中分离钪的优良萃取剂.     

岩石中稀土总量及钪、钍的连续萃取测定

PMBP作为萃取剂已广泛用于日常分析。本文在已有工作的基础上,试验了稀土、钪、钍的PMBP-乙酸丁酯的萃取、反萃取条件及其与共存元素的分离,确定了在同一份溶液中连续萃取稀土、钪、钍,然后用偶氮氯膦mN(CPA-mN)光度法测定稀土和钪,用偶氮胂Ⅲ测定钍。由于反萃溶液与测定溶     

石油亚砜萃取色谱法分离钪和稀土

提出以石油亚砜为固定相,硫氰酸铵和盐酸为流动相的萃取色谱法分离钪和稀土。研究了影响钪和稀土分离的条件,本体系中钪和钕的分离系数达到1.3×10~4。该方法可用于混合稀土中小量钪的分离,提取和分析。     

萃取分离稀土元素及计算机模拟计算的研究

用最小二乘法回归单级萃取平衡数据,建立了一种形式简单通用的两相分配平衡模型;通过对萃取机理的分析,归纳出各级水相酸度、自由萃取剂浓度与相应级的两相稀土总浓度的关系,据此提出了一个改进的串级模型,与文献所采用的模型相比,减少了2N个变量和方程;编写了矩阵解法的FORTRAN计算程序,对若干个分馏萃取体系进行了模拟计算,所得结果与实验值吻合很好,改变工艺参数的计算结果也与实际萃取变化规律一致,说明了所用的模型及程序都是合理可行的,适用于不同萃取剂的阳离子交换萃取体系,为达到计算机辅助萃取分离稀土元素的实验及工艺设计这个目的打下了基础。     

HEH(EHP)-煤油-HCl-RECl_3体系单一稀土的萃取平衡

HEH(EHP)(2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯)作为萃取剂,萃取分离稀土的研究结果表明,HEH(EHP)有较高的分离系数,是一种有效的稀土分离萃取剂。为深入了解HEH(EHP)对稀土元素的萃取性能,以便提供萃取分离工艺的设计参数,我们研究了HEH(EHP)-煤油-HCl-RECl_3体系在不同初始条件下,15个单一稀土的萃取平衡数据,     

酸性磷类萃取剂MANPP分离稀土元素的研究

报道一种在盐酸体系中,对稀土的萃取平衡常数及对若干稀土的分离因数均大于P507的新型酸性磷类萃取剂及其萃取分离稀土的机理。     

偶氮胂M作淋洗剂阳离子交换分离钍(锆)、钪(铀)、稀土

用偶氮胂M作淋洗剂,其流出液可直接用光度法测定铀(VI)、钍、锆、钪和稀土。在多孔性阳离子交换树脂上,研究了这些离子在偶氮胂M溶液中的离子交换平衡,并测量了其吸附率。研究了不同介质(水、醋酸-醋酸钠和盐酸-醋酸钠缓冲液)的影响,并探讨了影响的机理。提出了阳离子交换分离锆、钪、稀土;锆、铀、稀土;钍、钪、稀土以及毫克量铀或钍中微量稀土和光度法直接测定的新方法,方法较简便快速。用于矿石分析,结果比较满意     

甲基膦酸二（1—甲庚）酯萃取钪的机理

本文研究了甲基膦酸二(1-甲庚)酯(简称P350)的正庚烷溶液从盐酸溶液中萃取钪(Ⅲ)、HCl和H_2O的机理。用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成为SoCl_3·3P350和3HCl·2H_2O·3P350。讨论了水相酸度、萃取剂浓度、温度对萃取平衡的影响,计算了反应的浓度平衡常数及热力学函数。研究了萃合物的红外光谱。     

钴(Ⅱ)-2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯固体萃合物成键特性和构型的研究

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(简写HEH(EHP)或P_(?07))是一种工艺性能优良的金属萃取剂,广泛应用于稀土分组及钴镍等金属的分离。对其萃取金属的性能和平衡的研究已有报道。研究萃合物的成键特性及空间构型,对于深入了解萃取机理有     

PMBP-TBP协同萃取连续测定稀土、钪和钍

PMBP 已用于连续测定稀土、钍;稀土、锚、钍、锆(铪)。也曾用于分离测定钪,但钍有严重干扰。本文拟定以铜试剂-三氯甲烷萃取除去铁、锰、铜、镍及铋等干扰元素后,用 PMBP-TBP 协同萃取,再分别用不同浓度的盐酸连续反萃取,以偶氮胂Ⅲ显色测定稀土和钍;以甲基百里酚蓝显色测定钪。方法简便、快速,可用于组成复杂的试样中含量为0.005～2.0%的稀土、钪和钍的测定。     

双功能离子液体[A336][P507]在盐酸和硝酸介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取

利用双功能离子液体萃取剂三辛基甲基氯化铵2-乙基己基磷酸2-乙基己基酯盐([A336][P507])在HCl和HNO₃介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取和分离。 研究表明,萃取剂在低酸度条件下,对Sc(Ⅲ)有较好的萃取能力;但是当水相酸度从0.5 mol/L增加到4 mol/L,Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取率有较大程度的下降。 并且讨论了在HCl介质和HNO₃介质中,[A336][P507]萃取Sc(Ⅲ)的机理,由于Sc(Ⅲ)的半径最小,而且在萃取过程中存在P=O与P-O的竞争作用,使得其萃合物结构与轻稀土不同。 水相中加入盐析剂NaCl或NaNO₃对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取有一定的促进作用;萃取过程的热力学参数的结果表明,萃取反应是放热反应。 还研究了混合稀土中Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子的分离,在较低酸度的条件下萃取剂[A336][P507]对其它稀土离子的萃取可以忽略不计,因此该萃取体系对Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子有较好的分离效果,显示了本研究潜在的应用价值。     

Two-phase potentiometric metal extraction titrations of silver(I), copper(II) and cadmium(II) using some cation-exchangers as extractants

The use of two-phase potentiometric metal extraction titrations to study solvent extraction equilibria is described. The method provides a highly reproducible and convenient manner by which to determine extraction behaviour. The system was tested on a number of acidic extractants, namely D2EHPA, Ionquest 801, Cyanex 272, naphthenic acid and Versatic 10 acid. The extraction from an aqueous nitrate medium of silver(I), copper(II) and cadmium(II) was studied. The potentiometric data were used to obtain extraction curves and elucidate the nature of the extracted complexes by slope analysis and non-linear least squares treatment. In general, the following extraction order was obtained: D2EHPA > Ionquest 801 > Cyanex 272 and naphthenic > Versatic 10 for copper(II) and cadmium(II). Organophosphorus acids were shown to form complexes of the nature of Cu(HA(2))(2) with copper(II) and carboxylic acids formed dimeric complexes (CuA(2)(HA))(2). With cadmium octahedral complexes of the form CdA(2)(HA)(4) occurred. The extraction of silver(I) by Versatic 10 gave a dimeric complex (AgA(HA))(2). HA denotes the extractant in the acid form.     

Cyanex 923从硫酸体系中萃取钪及其与P507和环烷酸的比较

稀土元素钪(Sc)在相关原料中含量低,伴生杂质元素多,回收困难。针对这一问题,本文系统对比了直链三烷基氧化膦(Cyanex 923)、2-乙基己基磷酸单-2-乙基己基酯(P507)、环烷酸在硫酸体系中对Sc的萃取、分离和反萃。Cyanex 923在高酸度下能完全萃取Sc,而环烷酸和P507则在低酸度下有较高萃取率。Cyanex 923分离Sc与锆(Zr)、钛(Ti)的最佳水相酸度为1 mol/L,分离系数分别为5. 6和10. 6。P507在水相H~+浓度为2 mol/L时对Sc/Zr、Sc/Ti有最大分离系数,分别是21和59. 7。虽然P507有更好的分离效果,但难以反萃。3种萃取剂中仅有Cyanex 923能被有效反萃,在反酸H+浓度为0. 4 mol/L时有最大反萃率。因此,Cyanex 923更适合从含Sc二次资源浸出液中分离回收Sc。     

多级离心连续逆流手性萃取模型及模拟

基于单级手性萃取数学模型和质量守恒定律,建立了多级离心手性萃取数学模型,设计了多级离心萃取数学模型程序,并对多级离心萃取分离苯基琥珀酸（PSA）对映体进行了模拟.模拟了相比、萃取剂浓度、对映体浓度、进料位置和萃取级数等工艺参数对萃取效果（产物纯度和产率）的影响.模拟结果表明,考察的工艺参数共同影响萃取相和萃余相的产物纯度及产率;采用中间位置进料和较大的W/F相比有利于对称分离.实验发现：采用中间位置进料,10级离心萃取后萃取相中苯基琥珀酸的光学纯度ee（对映体过量）达到56%以上.模拟结果还表明,采用26级离心萃取器,中间进料,逆流分级萃取,萃取相及萃余相中的光学纯度ee都能达到98%以上.     

Liquid-liquid extraction of tetravalent zirconium from acidic chloride solutions using Cyanex 272.

The liquid-liquid extraction of zirconium(IV) from acidic chloride solutions was carried out with Cyanex 272 as an extractant diluted in kerosene. An increase of the acid concentration decreased the percentage extraction of metal, which indicates that the extraction follows ion exchange-type mechanism: MO2+(aq) + 2(HA)2(org) <--> MO (HA2)2(org) + 2H+(aq), where, M = Zr(IV); HA = Cyanex 272. The extraction of Zr(IV) increases with an increase of the extractant concentration. In a plot of log D vs. log[extractant], M is linear with a slope of approximately 2, indicating the association of two moles of extractant with the extracted metal species. On the other hand, the extraction decreases with an increase of the H+ ion concentration. A plot of log D vs. log[H+] gave a straight line with a negative slope of 1.7, indicating the exchange of two moles of hydrogen ions for every mole of Zr(IV). The effect of the Cl- ion concentration at a constant concentration of [H+] did not show any change in the D values. The addition of sodium salts enhanced the percentage extraction of metal, and followed the order of NaSCN > NaNO3 > Na2SO4 > NaCl. The stripping of metal from the loaded organic (L.O) with different acids indicated sulfuric acid to be the best stripping agent. An increase of the temperature during the extraction and stripping stages increases the metal transfer, showing that the process is exothermic. The synergism, regeneration and recycling capacity of Cyanex 272; the extraction behavior of associated elements, such as Hf(IV), Ti(IV), Al(III), Fe(III); and IR spectra of the extracted Zr-Cyanex 272 complex were studied.     

静态法和X射线吸收精细结构光谱技术研究腐殖酸对Eu(III)在高庙子膨润土上的吸附影响

膨润土由于其高吸附性和低渗透性而受到广泛的研究. 在本文中, 利用XRD、FTIR和酸碱滴定对我国内蒙古高庙子膨润土进行了详细的表征和分析. 用静态法研究在温度为25± 2 ℃和0.01 mol/L NaClO4溶液中, pH值、腐殖酸、接触时间和Eu(III)初始浓度对Eu(III)在钠基膨润土上的吸附影响. 研究结果表明Eu(III)的吸附受pH值影响明显. 在低pH值条件下, 腐殖酸对Eu(III)的吸附影响微弱, 而在高pH值条件下腐殖酸降低Eu(III)的吸附. X射线吸收精细结构光谱(XAFS)技术对吸附在膨润土上的Eu(III)局域微观结构研究结果表明, 在pH为4.15条件下, Eu在膨润土上与其周围的氧原子间的距离大约为2.39 Å. 本文中的研究结果对于评估其他三价镧系和锕系元素在作为填充材料的膨润土上的吸附和迁移具有重要的意义.     

Extraction Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements with sec—Octyl—phenoxy Acetic Acid

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在L-缬氨酸介质中应用聚二苯并-18-冠醚-6-分离铈（III)

 A column chromatographic method has been developed for the separation and determination of cerium(Ⅲ) using poly［dibenzo-18-crown-6］. The separation was carried out in L-valine medium. The adsorption of cerium(Ⅲ) was quantitative from 1×10-1 to 1×10-4 mol/L L-valine. Amongst the various eluents, 1.0-8.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 1.0-8.0 mol/L hydrobromic acid, 1.0-8.0 mol/L perchloric acid, 1.0-2.0 mol/L sulfuric acid and 4.0-5.0 mol/L acetic acid, were found to be the efficient eluents for cerium(Ⅲ). The capacity of poly［dibenzo-18-crown-6］ for cerium(Ⅲ) was （0.428±0.01） mmol/g. The method was applied to the separation of cerium(Ⅲ) from associated elements link uranium(Ⅵ) and thorium(Ⅳ). It was also applied for the determination of cerium(Ⅲ) in geological samples. The method is simple, rapid and selective with good reproducibility (approximately±2%).     

Extraction of cobalt(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by N,N'-carbonyl difatty amides

The development of economic and environmentally friendly extractants to recover cobalt metal is required due to the increasing demand for this metal.In this study,solvent extraction of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution using a mixture of N,N’-carbonyl difatty amides(CDFAs) synthesised from palm oil as the extractant was carried out.The effects of various parameters such as acid,contact time,extractant concentration,metal ion concentration and stripping agent and the separation of Co(Ⅱ) from other metal ions such as Fe(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅲ) and Cd(Ⅱ) were investigated.It was found that the extraction of Co(Ⅱ) into the organic phase involved the formation of 1:1 complexes.Co(Ⅱ) was successfully separated from commonly associated metal ions such as Fe(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅲ) and Cd(Ⅱ).Co(Ⅱ) stripping from the loaded organic phase was studied in aqueous solution.These results are useful to recover Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution utilising(CDFAs) as an extractant.     

作物秸秆降解中稀有机酸的萃取回收

作物秸秆有机降解的研究中,有机酸的回收利用是一个非常重要的环节,本研究采用低沸点的乙酸乙酯和高沸点的磷酸三丁酯（TBP）作萃取剂,对作物秸秆有机酸（乙酸,丙酸）降解中不同浓度的稀有机酸溶液（汽提液和洗涤液）用液－液淬取法回收,结果表明：磷酸三丁酯的萃取能力大于乙酸乙酯,同一萃取剂对丙酸的萃取效果比对乙酸好。