多弧离子镀硬质膜的抗空蚀性能研究

利用磁致伸缩振动空蚀试验装置,研究了灰口铸铁表面多弧离子镀TiN、CrN及（Ti,Cr)N硬质膜的抗空蚀性能。研究结果表明,离子镀硬质膜的抗空蚀性能与铸铁基体的表面粗糙度、离子镀层的表面特征、镀膜过程中工件负偏压及镀层厚度密切相关。采用屏蔽离子镀可以有效地减少膜层表面的微颗粒及微缺陷,从而改善材料的抗空蚀性能。当基片负偏压为300V而膜厚为3μm时,硬质膜的抗空蚀性能最佳。     

Inconel 718镍基超合金的空蚀行为研究

采用超声振动空蚀试验机对Inconel 718镍基超合金与316L不锈钢进行空蚀磨损研究. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射电镜(FESEM)以及高分辨X射线衍射仪对测试样品空蚀磨损表面形貌、微观结构演变和物相进行观察及分析. 结果表明:Inconel 718表现出更优异的抗空蚀磨损性能,其空蚀600 min累计质量损失约为316L的1/3,空蚀孕育期时长为316L不锈钢的2倍左右. 在空蚀孕育期,Inconel 718空蚀损伤首先发生在晶界、孪晶界等界面处,且并未出现明显的塑性变形. 316L在此期间呈现较为明显的塑性变形,空蚀表面起伏波动显著. 在空蚀加速期,Inconel 718质量损失的显著提升是由于空蚀表面微裂纹的扩展导致材料逐渐剥落引起的,316L则是由于空蚀表面大量凹坑的不断形成与合并导致质量损失的增加. Inconel 718空蚀120 min后,观察到空蚀磨损表面有明显的形变孪晶,且与空蚀前的金相形貌相比,形变孪晶有明显增多的趋势.      

热处理温度对Fe—Ni—P非晶合金镀层显微硬度和耐磨性的影响

测定了电沉积Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶合金镀层在不同温度下热处理后的硬度，在环－块磨损试验机上对镀层的耐磨性进行了研究，对镀层的显微组织和磨损表面作了观察与分析，就其强化机理和磨损机理作了分析与探讨．镀层的硬度和耐磨性均随热处理温度上升而提高，４００℃时都达到极大值，最高硬度为ＨＶ１１．２ＧＰａ；在４００℃以上，镀层的硬度和耐磨性均随温度升高而降低，此时镀层的含磷量越多，硬度越高，耐磨性越好；在５００℃以下热处理后镀层的磨损机理主要为点蚀和剥落，剥落坑随着温度的升高而减少；６００℃以上热处理镀层发生的是磨粒磨损．     

激光织构化TiN薄膜的干摩擦性能研究

采用固体Nd:YAG激光器对离子镀TiN薄膜进行织构化处理,表征了薄膜的结构、形貌及凹坑织构参数.通过UMT-2往复式球-盘摩擦磨损试验机评价了织构化薄膜的摩擦磨损特性,研究了织构形貌对TiN薄膜干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能的影响.研究结果表明:与未织构化的TiN薄膜相比,织构化TiN薄膜的平均摩擦系数降低,并且磨损率明显减小,这说明织构化TiN薄膜具有更好的耐磨损性能.摩擦过程中,凹坑织构既捕获了磨屑,又有利于摩擦过程中阶跃运动的发生,易于将磨屑带出磨痕,从而降低了摩擦磨损.     

几种挖泥船耙齿材料的磨粒磨损性能研究

挖泥船耙齿材料的磨粒磨损性能值得深入研究．因此，在水润滑和无润滑条件下，利用ＭＬ－１００磨粒磨损试验机研究了不同成分和不同热处理工艺处理的耙齿材料的抗磨粒磨损性能与硬度及冲击性能的关系．结果表明，几种材料在水润滑条件下的磨损量都比在无润滑下的大，具有较高硬度和一次冲击韧性ＣＶＮ值的材料的抗磨粒磨损性能较好     

电沉积方式对纳米晶钴镀层的结构和摩擦学性能影响研究

采用不同电沉积方式制备了不同结构和晶粒尺寸的纳米晶钴(Co)镀层.采用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射仪分别分析了镀层表面形貌、晶相结构与晶粒尺寸.采用MV-2T显微硬度计测试镀层的硬度.最后采用UMT-3M多功能摩擦磨损试验机对镀层的摩擦和磨损性能进行了评价,并用扫描电镜对其磨损表面进行了观察分析.结果表明:电沉积方式对制备的纳米Co镀层的晶相结构、晶粒尺寸、镀层形貌和摩擦磨损性能影响显著;采用双脉冲制备的纳米Co镀层具有最小的晶粒尺寸、最高的硬度及较好的耐磨性能;采用单双脉冲混合电镀制备的纳米Co镀层表面针孔孔洞直径最小,结构最致密,耐磨性能最好.这些研究结果说明可通过优化电沉积方式来提高镀层的结构致密性,改善其硬度和耐磨性能.     

MOSi2及其复合材料摩擦学性能研究

通过热压烧结制备了MoSi2及3种MoSi2基复合材料，考察了其相组成和结构，测定了其硬度和断裂韧性，评价了其摩擦磨损行为，并探讨了力学性能、摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性等对MoSi2及其复合材料摩擦学行为的影响．结果表明：MoSi2同GCrl5钢和WC-Co硬质合金配副时表现出较高的摩擦系数，其磨损强烈依赖于偶件材料特性；第二相的引入对MoSi2的磨损行为具有显著影响，其中SiC第二相可以改善MoSi2的摩擦磨损性能；摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性则对MoSi2及其复合材料的摩擦磨损性能具有决定性影响．     

气相沉积TiN和Ti（C,N）镀层的热磨损性能

气相沉积法制取的ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）镀层在室温工作的磨损部件上得到了广泛的应用，但对其在高温下的磨损性能之研究却还很少。为了探讨其在高温磨损下应用的可行性，利用ＳＲＶ滑动摩擦磨损试验机和改进型Ｔｉｔｔａｇａｌａ热冲击磨损试验机，对以热作模具钢３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ为基体的气相沉积的ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）硬质镀层的热磨损性能进行了试验研究，同时还通过多种表面分析手段对膜基体系的失效机制作了观测与讨论，结果表明，ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）镀层都具有良好的高温耐磨性，在８５０℃以上的高温条件下，几种有镀层试样的热冲击磨损量都明显地比无镀层３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ试样的低。ＳＲＶ高温滑动摩擦磨损试验发现，镀层的高温软化和氧化都不明显；只有当膜基界面结合不良或膜基体系的承载能力不足时，才会发生镀层的剥落或碎裂。     

n-ZrO2/Ni复合电刷镀层的微动磨损行为

利用电刷镀技术制备n-ZrO2/Ni复合镀层,研究复合镀层与GCr15配副从室温到500 ℃的微动磨损行为,探讨了复合镀层的微动磨损机理.结果表明:随着试验温度升高,由于磨损表面发生摩擦氧化反应,形成具有固体润滑作用的氧化物保护层,使得其摩擦系数逐渐降低,当试验温度为500 ℃时,氧化物保护层大面积脱落导致摩擦系数上升;复合电刷镀层的显微硬度随温度升高而显著下降,导致其抗磨损性能降低;复合电刷镀层在室温下的微动磨损失效机理主要以剥层磨损为主,在200 ℃以上主要为剥层磨损,并伴有一定程度的粘着磨损.     

Cr4Mo4V轴承钢滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能研究

通过球棒滚动接触疲劳(RCF)试验机,研究了Cr4Mo4V轴承钢在4050润滑油润滑和0.18滑滚比条件下的滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能.结果表明:Cr4Mo4V钢的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线数据分散性较大,疲劳寿命随着应力增加呈下降趋势.Cr4Mo4V钢滚动接触磨损主要为磨料磨损,黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,随着应力和时间增加磨损体积增加,滚道凹槽深度达到17μm.通过光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试样棒剖面与滚道交界处疲劳裂纹,发现疲劳破坏类型主要有两种:起源于表面的剥落(SOF)和起源于白蚀区的剥落(WSF).通过滚道径向切割抛光酸蚀显示Cr4Mo4V钢滚动接触疲劳影响区,随着应力和循环接触次数的增加,在次表层依次发现黑蚀区(DER)、白蚀区(WEA)和蝴蝶组织(BW).表面碳化物的剥落坑,黏着磨损和疲劳磨损的凹坑导致了表面起裂、白蚀区和蝴蝶组织中的碳化物和夹杂导致微裂纹的产生,链状碳化物使裂纹往深处扩展.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.