La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

镧系六铝酸盐催化剂制备及甲烷燃烧催化性能表征

采用可控共沉淀法以NH4HCO3和NH4OH组成的缓冲溶液作为沉淀剂制备六铝酸盐,采用BET,XRD,TPR等技术考察了催化剂的物化性能.以甲烷催化燃烧为探针反应,对催化剂进行了催化性能表征,并研究了铈取代对催化性能的影响.结果表明： 采用NH4HCO3和NH4OH缓冲溶液作为沉淀剂使沉淀更均匀,可合成化学均一的六铝酸盐.La系六铝酸盐可在较低焙烧温度1050 ℃形成,稀土离子Ce主要是以高储放氧能力的CeO2相存在,与Mn之间存在协同作用提高了催化活性.当Mn取代度为2时,LaMnxAl12-xO19催化性能最佳,此时具有较高的氧化还原性能.Mn容易进入六铝酸盐晶格,Mn取代的La系六铝酸盐催化剂是很有前途的高温甲烷燃烧催化材料.     

铁取代六铝酸盐的制备及其对甲烷燃烧的催化性能

 采用共沉淀-水热处理法制备了铁取代六铝酸盐(BaFexAl12-xO19-δ,x≤3)催化剂,并用XRD,SEM,UV-Vis和BET等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,经1000 ℃焙烧后催化剂开始出现少量六铝酸盐相,1100 ℃焙烧后六铝酸盐相为主要的晶相,当x＞3时催化剂中的杂质相不可忽略. Fe取代六铝酸盐中的Fe主要为Oh配位. 在x≤3范围内,随着Fe取代量的增加,催化剂对甲烷燃烧的催化活性逐渐升高,其中BaFe3Al9O19-δ的起燃温度最低(515 ℃); 继续增加Fe含量,催化剂的高温活性反而下降. 向Fe单取代六铝酸盐晶格中引入La制得的Ba0.5La0.5FeAl11O19-δ催化剂,其起燃活性与BaFeAl11O19-δ的基本相同,但高温活性有较大提高. 反应气组成对催化剂的活性有显著影响,提高O2分压可以降低催化剂的起燃温度,但对高温活性的影响不大. BaFe2Al10O19-δ催化剂在800 ℃下运行100 h没有发生失活现象.     

甲烷高温燃烧催化剂研究进展*

本文综述了甲烷高温燃烧催化剂的研究现状,对有代表性的催化剂体系尤其是六铝酸盐催化剂的研究进展作了介绍,阐述了近年来有关贵金属、钙钛矿型氧化物及六铝酸盐催化剂结构和制备方法方面的研究结果,并对六铝酸盐催化剂的制备提出了一些建议.     

La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ六铝酸盐气溶胶催化剂的催化性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了混合取代型La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ(LSFMAO)六铝酸盐气溶胶甲烷燃烧催化剂, 并采用XRD、BET、SEM、TPR等技术研究了超临界干燥和高温焙烧对材料结构和催化性能的影响. 超临界干燥处理的前驱物经1200 ℃焙烧后, 得到磁铅石型六铝酸盐气溶胶, 其具有较高的比表面积(16 m2·g-1)和甲烷燃烧活性; 然而高温(1300-1400 ℃)老化导致该六铝酸盐严重烧结, 比表面积和催化活性急剧下降. 研究结果表明, 对一定温度范围内(≤1200 ℃)焙烧的六铝酸盐催化剂, 超临界干燥法有助于改善其热稳定性和催化活性, 但高温(>1200 ℃)老化后, 催化剂的抗热烧结和催化性能主要由材料的组成和固有结构性质决定.     

逆微乳液法合成六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂

采用逆微乳液为媒介合成六铝酸盐及其金属取代系列甲烷燃烧催化剂.首先研制了由表面活性剂、助剂、油相和水相四组分逆微乳液拟三元体系相图,选择十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,脂肪醇为助剂,正辛烷为油相和水相[或Al(NO3)3溶液].研究了助剂脂肪醇链长、表面活性剂与助剂相对量和盐浓度对微乳液体系形成和稳定性影响,并以电导率随水含量变化的规律很好地印证了微乳液体系的相行为.选取相图中稳定微乳区合成了具有高温稳定性的甲烷催化燃烧催化剂六铝酸镧[La(Mnx/Fex)Al12-xO19-δ].用BET、TG-DTA和XRD表征了催化剂的物性和结构,并在微型固定床反应器中考察了对甲烷燃烧的催化活性.结果表明,利用逆微乳液作为反应介质使催化剂前驱体分散更充分,使六铝酸盐晶相形成的温度有效地降低到950℃.Fe取代的六铝酸盐具有较好高温催化活性和热稳定性,而Mn取代的同晶体则具有较好的低温催化活性,Fe和Mn离子同时对Al3 进行取代时,由于两者之间存在的协同效应明显提高了催化剂的催化活性和比表面,T10仅为475℃,T90为660℃.     

Ba、Mn对Al2O3热稳定性和甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaO•6Al2O3系列催化剂.考察了Ba、Mn的引入对Al2O3的热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响.结果表明, Ba在高温下与Al2O3首先生成BaAl2O4，然后进一步与Al2O3反应生成具有β-Al2O3结构的BaAl12O19六铝酸盐，抑制了Al2O3进一步的烧结，提高了催化剂的热稳定性. Mn的引入也能够促进六铝酸盐的生成并提高催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性.采用超临界干燥法可抑制干燥过程中因毛细收缩引起的比表面积降低.所制备的BaMnAl11O19催化剂经1200 ℃焙烧4 h后，比表面积为35.1 m2•g－1，在空速40000 h－1条件下，10％甲烷转化温度(T10％)为500 ℃，催化活性明显高于常规干燥法制备的相应催化剂.     

BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂（BaMnxAl12-xO19,x≤4）,利用XRD（X射线衍射）,BET（BET比表面积测定）,TEM（透射电子显微镜）和TPR（程序升温还原）等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器中考察其对甲烷的催化活性。结果表明,经过1200~C焙烧后,六铝酸钡（BaAl12O19）中仍有铝酸钡（BaAl2O4）相存在,经Mn离子取代后可以得到单一的六铝酸盐相,过量Mn的加入（当x=4时）,催化剂中又出现了杂质相,且XRD的衍射峰强度变小。TPR表征结果表明,Mn在六铝酸盐结构中以＋2和＋3混合价态存在,Mn^3＋离子的比例随x的增大而增多。实验结果表明：与普通干燥法相比较,超临界干燥法可大大提高催化剂的比表面积,它对甲烷燃烧的催化活性也有增加。未取代活性离子的六铝酸钡基质对甲烷燃烧催化活性很低,经Mn离子取代后活性大大提高,当x=3时催化活性最高。     

BaMn_xAl_(12-x)O_(19-δ)六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂(BaMnxAl12-xO19,x≤4),利用XRD(X射线衍射),BET(BET比表面积测定),TEM(透射电子显微镜)和TPR(程序升温还原)等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器中考察其对甲烷的催化活性.结果表明,经过1200℃焙烧后,六铝酸钡(BaAl12O19)中仍有铝酸钡(BaAl2O4)相存在,经Mn离子取代后可以得到单一的六铝酸盐相,过量Mn的加入(当x=4时),催化剂中又出现了杂质相,且XRD的衍射峰强度变小.TPR表征结果表明,Mn在六铝酸盐结构中以 2和 3混合价态存在,Mn3 离子的比例随x的增大而增多.实验结果表明:与普通干燥法相比较,超临界干燥法可大大提高催化剂的比表面积,它对甲烷燃烧的催化活性也有增加.未取代活性离子的六铝酸钡基质对甲烷燃烧催化活性很低,经Mn离子取代后活性大大提高,当x=3时催化活性最高.     

稀土铈掺杂对甲烷高温燃烧催化剂LaFeAl11O19结构和性能的影响

六铝酸盐甲烷高温燃烧催化剂研究目前主要集中在BaMnA l11O19基和LaMnA l11O19基的催化剂上[1-4],关于LaFeA l11O19催化剂研究相对较少,而据文献报道[5]在沉淀法制备取代型的六铝酸钡催化剂中铁和锰活性相近,但铁比锰具有更高的耐高温和抗水热冲击的能力,因此本工作选择LaFeA l     

Thermochemistry of HCOS+ and HCS2+

Heats of formation for HCOS⁺ and HCS₂⁺, obtained from high-quality ab initio calculations, have been used to determine the thermochemistry of several reactions which may form these ions in interstellar clouds or mass spectrometer experiments. Radiative association of HCO⁺ or HCS⁺ with either O or S may be important in interstellar clouds, whereas proton transfer from H₃⁺ or HCO⁺ to CS₂ or COS may be a means of synthesizing these ions by mass spectrometry. In the latter case, the relevant heats of formation are: HCS₂⁺(¹A₁) 1042 kJ mol^?1 and HCOS⁺ (¹A′) 996 kJ mol^?1.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Linalool + Ethanol + Water, Water + Ethanol + Limonene, and Limonene + Linalool + Water Systems

The present work was undertaken to determine liquid–liquid equilibria for ternary systems involved in the citrus essential oil terpeneless using dilute alcohol. Tie-line data have been determined for the linalool + ethanol + water, water + ethanol + limonene, and limonene + linalool + water ternary systems at 298.15 K. The experimental data were satisfactorily correlated using the UNIQUAC and NRTL equations, and the obtained binary interaction parameters are reported. The UNIFAC group-contribution method did not allow adequate predictions of liquid–liquid equilibria involved in this study.     

Kinetics of the reactions Br + NO2 + M and I + NO2+ M

The reactions Br + NO₂ + M → BrNO₂ + M (1) and I + NO₂ + M → INO₂ + M (2) have been studied at low pressure (0.6-2.2 torr) at room temperature and with helium as the third body by the discharge-flow technique with EPR and mass spectrometric analysis of the species. The following third order rate constants were found k₁₍₀₎ = (3.7 ± 0.7) × 10^?31 and k₂₍₀₎ = (0.95 ± 0.35) × 10^?31 (units are cm⁶ molecule^?2 s^?1). The secondary reactions X + XNO₂ → X₂ + NO₂ (X = Br, I) have been studied by mass spectrometry and their rate constants have been estimated from product analysis and computer modeling.     

Ni+Pd+Ga and Ni+Pd+in liquid alloys: Enthalpies of formation

In order to fill the evident gap in the thermodynamic data of nickel-palladium-gallium and nickel-palladium-indium ternary alloys, the enthalpies of formation of these systems in the liquid state have been determined. This was achieved by means of a very high temperature calorimeter (T<1800 K), using the direct drop method, and based on analogous measurements of the respective binary alloys previously published. Complete automation of the calorimeter led to a good precision even at the highest temperatures. The enthalpies of formation of the ternary liquid alloys were measured between 1400 and 1600 K on the whole composition range. As in the limiting binary systems, enthalpies of formation are negative and non temperature dependent at any composition.

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Zusammenfassung Um die Lücke hinsichtlich thermodynamischer Daten von Nickel-Palladium-Gallium und Nickel-Palladium-Indium Legierungen zu füllen, wurden die Bildungsenthalpien dieser ternÄren Systeme im flüssigen Zustand bestimmt. Dies erfolgte mittels eines Kalorimeters für sehr hohe Temperaturen (T<1800 K), unter Verwendung der direkten Einwurfmethode auf der Basis früher veröffentlichter Messungen an den entsprechenden binÄren Systemen. Die Bildungsenthalpien der flüssigen ternÄren Legierungen wurden zwischen 1400 und 1600 K über den gesamten Zusammensetzungsbereich bestimmt. VollstÄndige Automation des Kalorimeters bewirkte hohe PrÄzision selbst bei den höchsten Temperaturen. Wie in den begrenzenden binÄren Systemen sind die Bildungsenthalpien negativ und bei allen Zusammensetzungen nicht temperaturabhÄngig.

     

Liquid-liquid equilibria of (cyclohexane + acetonitrile + methylcyclohexane + toluene) and of {(acetonitrile + methylcyclohexane) + benzene or + toluene or + cyclohexane or + chlorobenzene} at 298.15 K

Tie-line results at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure are reported for (cyclohexane + acetonitrile + methylcyclohexane + toluene) and for {(acetonitrile + methylcyclohexane) + benzene or + toluene or + cyclohexane or + chlorobenzene). The extended UNIQUAC and UNIQUAC equations are used to correlate binary vapour-liquid equilibria and mutual solubilities for 10 mixtures constituting the ternary mixtures and to predict the ternary and quaternary liquid-liquid equilibria by use of only binary parameters.     

A photoionization study of the charge transfer reactions: Xe+ + O2 → O+2 + Xe and O+2 + Xe → Xe+ + O2

Photoionization mass spectrometer techniques have been employed to study the charge transfer reactions: Xe⁺ + O₂ → O⁺₂ + Xe and O⁺₂ + Xe → Xe⁺ + O₂. The results show the reaction of Xe⁺(²P_{$\text{3}\text{2}$}) ions with O₂ molecules is much more efficient than the reaction of Xe⁺(²P_{$\text{1}\text{2}$}) ions with O₂ molecules. The charge transfer reaction of O⁺₂ ions with Xe atoms was detected for O⁺₂ ions in the a ⁴Π_u state.     

Density and Viscosity of Methanol + Trichloroethylene,n-Propanol + Trichloroethylene and n-Butanol + Trichloroethylene Mixtures

Abstract

Density and Viscosity measurements on the binary mixtures of methanol + trichloro-ethylene, n-propanol + trichloroethylene, and n-butanol + trichloroethylene binary mixtures at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15K are reported. The representation of the data by simple mixing rules is also studied.     

Excess molar enthalpies of triethylamine + ethylbenzene, + n-propylbenzene, + n-butylbenzene, + isopropylbenzene,and + isobutylbenzene at 303.15 K

Excess molar enthalpies H_m^E of triethylamine + ethylbenzene, + n-propylbenzene, + n-butylbenzene, + isopropylbenzene, and + isobutylbenzene were measured over the entire composition range at 303.15 K with an LKB flow microcalorimeter. H_m^E values are positive and decrease with increasing chain length of the alkylbenzene.     

Speeds of sound and isentropic compressibil- ities of cyclohexane+1,3-dioxolane+2-butanol and n-hexane+1,3-dioxolane+2-butanol

Speeds of sound of the ternary mixtures cyclohexane+1,3-dioxolane+2-butanol and n-hexane+1,3-dioxolane+2-butanol have been measured at the temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Isentropic compressibilities and excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated from experimental data. We have also compared the experimental isentropic compressibilities with calculated values from the free length theory and the collision factor theory. Experimental results show positive values of excess isentropic compressibilities in almost the whole composition range for the ternary mixture containing cyclohexane, meanwhile they are negative for the mixture containing n-hexane. Such different behaviour of these systems is related to the large free volume shown by n-hexane. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The excess volumes of decahydronaphthalene + cyclopentane, + cyclohexane, + cycloheptane and + cyclooctane at two temperatures

The excess volumes of decahydronaphthalene (decalin) + cyclopentane, + cyclohexane, + cycloheptane and + cyclooctane have been measured over the whole composition range at two temperatures. These measurements show many similarities to the V_m^E results of bicyclohexyl + a cycloalkane and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) + a cycloalkane.