纳米钯修饰电极在碱性条件下对过氧化氢的测定

采用单电位阶跃计时电流法制备了Pd纳米粒子修饰复合陶瓷碳电极(Pd/CCE)。研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,Pd/CCE修饰电极在碱性介质中对H2O2的氧化具有强电催化活性。在0.1 mol.L-1NaOH溶液中采用动态安培法检测H2O2,线性范围为2.0×10-6~2.6×10-3mol.L-1,r=0.999 3,检出限(3sb)为5.0×10-7mol.L-1,灵敏度为143.8μA.(mmol.L-1)-1。该法用于过氧化氢消毒液中H2O2的测定,结果满意。     

纳米Pt/巯基丁二酰胺铜修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

利用电沉积法将纳米Pt固定在巯基丁二酰胺铜(II)自组装金电极(Au/CuL)表面, 制备了一种纳米催化电极(Au/CuL/nano Pt). 分别以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光电子能谱(XPS), 表面红外光谱(FT-IR)及电化学交流阻抗(EIS)对电极表面形貌进行了表征, 并采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了它的电化学性质. 结果表明, CuL具有良好的电化学活性并对H2O2的还原具有电催化作用, 纳米Pt可以显著增强这种催化性能. 在30 ℃、0.02 mol·L-1 PBS缓冲液(pH=6.0)中检测H2O2, 在0.00125-0.16 mmol·L-1浓度范围呈现线性响应, 相关系数为0.9960(信噪比为3), 检测极限为0.3 μmol·L-1. 该电极对H2O2电流响应灵敏度高(0.312 mA·cm-2·mmol-1·L)、检测迅速(4.3 s)、稳定性好(对46 μmol·L-1和2.8 mmol·L-1的H2O2连续测10 次, 变异系数分别为3.1%和3.9%; 保存70 d后对10 μmol·L-1 H2O2的响应为初始响应的95%).     

影响CeO2纳米粉体尺寸的液相反应因素研究

较为系统地论述了沉淀法制备高纯度CeO2纳米粉体过程中影响颗粒团聚的液相工艺参数.实验结果表明, 在如下液相反应条件下制备得到的纳米CeO2平均尺寸小于10 nm; Ce(NO3)4溶液浓度为0.13～0.18 mol*L-1, NH3*H2O浓度为6.8 mol*L-1, 反应温度15～30 ℃, VCe(NO3)4∶VNH3*H2O=1.5∶20～2.5∶20, 分散剂选用乙醇+异丙醇.     

NaIO4-H2O2 流动注射化学发光法测定天然水中硒的研究

建立了一种简易、快速检测天然水中痕量硒的流动注射化学发光法。该法基于NaIO4-H2O2(pH 7.0)氧化Se(0)生成Se(Ⅳ)所产生O*的化学发光,发光强度与一定浓度范围内的Se呈线性关系,加入环己烷和Triton-100能增强这一体系的发光强度。该法测定Se的线性范围为1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol.L-1,检测限为4.2×10-8mol.L-1,对4.0×10-7mol.L-1的Se进行测定的RSD为3.5%(n=8)。用该法对天然水体中Se进行了测定,结果满意。     

用靛蓝胭脂红-H_2O_2流动注射化学发光法测定水样中的铜(Ⅱ)

在Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液中,铜(Ⅱ)对H2O2氧化靛蓝胭脂红的反应具有明显的催化作用.基于此,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定铜(Ⅱ)的化学发光新方法;研究了影响化学发光强度的各种因素.结果表明,在最佳试验条件下,铜(Ⅱ)浓度在1.0×10-8"1.0×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与发光强度呈线性关系,检出限为4.1×10-10 mol·L-1.将该方法用于水样中铜(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意.     

NiCo_2O_4对H_2O_2在碱性溶液中电化学还原反应的催化行为(英文)

利用溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米NiCo2O4,并利用X射线衍射和透射电镜分析其结构和表面形貌.结果表明NiCo2O4具有尖晶石结构,平均粒径约为15 nm.利用电势线性扫描和恒电势法测定了其对H2O2在碱性溶液中电化学还原反应的催化性能.发现NiCo2O4对H2O2电化学还原具有高的催化活性和稳定性,在H2O2浓度低于0.6 mol.L-1时,其电化学还原反应主要通过直接还原途径进行.以NiCo2O4为阴极催化剂的Al-H2O2半燃料电池在室温下的开路电压达1.6 V;在1.0 mol.L-1 H2O2溶液中,峰值功率密度达209 mW.cm-2,此时电流密度为220mA.cm-2.     

二氧化锰纳米层的制备及电容性能研究

以Mn(NO3)2、Na OH和H2O2为原料,采用水热技术制备了Na型层状氧化锰(Na-Mn O2)。通过离子交换反应对NaMn O2进行了剥离,得到了氧化锰纳米层胶体分散液。将氧化锰纳米层分散液冷冻干燥后得到了氧化锰重组物(ERMn O2)。通过XRD、SEM和AFM对制备试样进行了分析表征。电化学测试结果表明,在1.0 mol·L-1Na2SO4水溶液中,当电流密度为0.25 A·g-1时,ERMn O2的质量比电容高达117 F·g-1远远高于其前驱物Na-Mn O2的比电容(79 F·g-1),并且表现出相似的循环稳定性。     

基于新型二氧化锰-碳纳米管复合材料的高灵敏过氧化氢传感器

本文以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和KMnO4为原料,通过直接氧化还原反应合成了一种新型MnO2-C纳米复合材料,将其滴涂在玻碳(GC)电极表面,成功制备出一种非酶型H2O2传感器。采用循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了该传感器对H2O2的电催化氧化行为。实验结果表明,与GC电极和MWCNTs修饰电极相比,该电极对H2O2氧化显示出更好的催化活性。实验对影响电极性能的各种参数,包括pH值、工作电位及MnO2-C修饰量进行了探讨。在最佳实验条件下,传感器对H2O2响应的线性范围为5.0×10-7～0.2mol·L-1,检测限(S/N=3)为1.4×10-7 mol·L-1。该传感器选材新颖,制备方法简单,重现性好,稳定性和抗干扰能力强。     

纳米Cu(OH)2分解温度对CuO粒度的影响

以CuSO4.5H2O和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法制备得到Cu(OH)2纤维,再进行Cu(OH)2的分解反应.考察了在不同实验条件下温度对Cu(OH)2热分解过程的影响.结果表明:在反应温度20℃,反应终点pH值为12,搅拌速度为1 200 r.min-1,NaOH溶液的滴加速度为50 mL.min-1的反应条件下,得到的样品为纳米Cu(OH)2纤维,其直径为10~30 nm、长度为1~6μm;在固相纳米Cu(OH)2热分解制备CuO过程中CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,在温度不超过200℃时CuO的粒径约为20 nm左右;在液相中先沉淀后升温时,产物的形貌为球形,CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,低于80℃可得到纳米级的CuO.     

聚L-酪氨酸/半胱氨酸/纳米金修饰Pt电极固定血红蛋白测定H2O2

制备了聚L-酪氨酸/半胱氨酸/纳米金/血红蛋白修饰Pt电极,并用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对制备过程进行了表征。还用循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了修饰电极与H2O2的相互作用。结果表明,该电极对H2O2有明显的催化作用,电流与H2O2浓度在3.5×10-7~2.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-7mol/L。     

以TiO2多孔微球为载体的CuO/TiO2催化剂的制备、表征及CO氧化催化性能

利用高分子反相悬浮聚合技术结合溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2晶粒组成的多孔微球. 以TiO2多孔微球为载体, 利用浸渍法制备了CuO/TiO2催化剂, 用示差扫描量热法、热重分析、X 射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对TiO2多孔微球和催化剂进行了表征, 并对其进行了CO催化氧化性能的评价. 结果表明, 于500 ℃焙烧的TiO2多孔微球基本为锐钛矿型结构, 其粒径为19.5 nm. XPS结果表明, 催化剂中载体和活性组分存在相互作用, Cu除了以Cu2+的形式存在外, 还以部分Cu+和Cu0的形式存在. CO催化氧化研究结果表明, 催化剂的催化活性与浸渍液的浓度和催化剂的焙烧温度有关. 用0.5 mol/L Cu(NO3)2·3H2O溶液浸渍得到的催化剂和于200 ℃焙烧得到的催化剂具有较好的催化活性.     

一种新型纺锤状α-Fe_2O_3纳米晶的合成、表征及其表面性能(英文)

合成了一种新型的具有单晶结构的α-Fe2O3纳米晶(NFO-1).在我们的合成方法中,样品的形貌和结构在低反应浓度体系中运用无机盐和有机模板进行双重调控,同时用溶剂挥发诱导自组装(EISA)来加速反应和在不改变形貌结构的前提下获得高产率样品.所得α-Fe2O3纳米晶的形貌和结构对其表面修饰功能有明显的影响,NFO-1因其特殊的纺锤状形貌而与表面功能试剂(多巴胺)之间的化学作用有明显的增强.并且,本文所描述的合成方法同样适用于其他过渡金属氧化物纳米单晶的合成.我们预期,这种方法可为新型纳米材料的合成提供新的途径.     

Preparation,characterization and catalytic behavior of hierachically porous CuO/α-Fe_2O_3/SiO_2 composite material for CO and o-DCB oxidation

Hierachically porous (HP) CuO/α-Fe2O3/SiO2 composite material was fabricated by sol-gel method and multi-hydrothermal processes using HP-SiO2 as support.The resulting material was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The as-prepared CuO/Fe2O3/HP-SiO2 sample,with α-Fe2O3 and CuO nanocrystals,possessed a co-continuous skeleton,through-macroporous and mesoporous structure.Its catalytic behavior for CO and o-DCB oxidation was investigated.The result showed that CuO/Fe2O3/HP-SiO2 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for both CO and o-DCB oxidation,indicating its potential application in combined abatement of CO and chlorinated volatile organic compounds.     

Enhanced Raman scattering as a probe for 4-mercaptopyridine surface-modified copper oxide nanocrystals.

We report on the application of Raman scattering as a probe to study 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy) surface-modified CuO nanocrystals. Enhanced Raman scattering from 4-Mpy adsorbed on CuO nanocrystals was observed. The Raman signals displayed 10(2) enhancement compared with those of 4-Mpy in solution. We compared the Raman spectra of 4-Mpy molecules adsorbed on CuO nanocrystals and Ag, Cu substrate. A particular feature of the semiconductor substrate that was different from the metal substrate was revealed. The excitation wavelength-dependent behavior was clearly observed.     

Self-assembled CuO nanoarchitectures and their catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

CuO shuttle-like and flower-like nanocrystals were synthesized through a one-step, low-temperature solution-phase method in the presence of a cation surfactant, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. These nanocrystals were studied as an additive for promoting the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). With the addition of CuO shuttle-like and flower-like nanocrystals, the thermal decomposition temperature of AP decreased. The structure, particle size, and morphology of resulting CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis technique was applied to investigate the thermal decomposition of mixtures of AP and as-prepared CuO nanocrystals.     

CuO nanocrystals in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

CuO nanocrystals of different surface areas were prepared. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transition electron microscope, thermogravimetry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. CuO nanocrystals showed a stable monoclinic structure. With increasing surface areas, the surface hydration became significant, which is followed by shifts in infrared frequencies and Raman phonon modes. CuO nanocrystals were explored as an additive to catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). AP decomposition underwent a two-stage process. Addition of CuO nanocrystals led to a downshift of high-temperature stage towards lower temperatures.     

Copper oxide nanocrystals

It is well-known that inorganic nanocrystals are a benchmark model for nanotechnology, given that the tunability of optical properties and the stabilization of specific phases are uniquely possible at the nanoscale. Copper (I) oxide (Cu(2)O) is a metal oxide semiconductor with promising applications in solar energy conversion and catalysis. To understand the Cu/Cu(2)O/CuO system at the nanoscale, we have developed a method for preparing highly uniform monodisperse nanocrystals of Cu(2)O. The procedure also serves to demonstrate our development of a generalized method for the synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocrystals. Cu nanocrystals are initially formed and subsequently oxidized to form highly crystalline Cu(2)O. The volume change during phase transformation can induce crystal twinning. Absorption in the visible region of the spectrum gave evidence for the presence of a thin, epitaxial layer of CuO, which is blue-shifted, and appears to increase in energy as a function of decreasing particle size. XPS confirmed the thin layer of CuO, calculated to have a thickness of approximately 5 A. We note that the copper (I) oxide phase is surprisingly well-stabilized at this length scale.     

氧化铜纳米晶的合成及性能研究

通过水热方法,合成出CuO纳米片,类纳米花等纳米结构,X光衍射表明样品为单斜CuO,透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜表征了样品的形貌和尺寸,观察到CuO纳米晶是由小的晶粒聚集而成的多晶结构。同时讨论了实验中各实验参数在合成CuO纳米晶时所起的作用： KOH具有促进CuO结晶的作用;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵可以控制反应产物尺寸;柠檬酸钠能够影响纳米粒子的排布规则程度,从而进一步影响CuO纳米晶的形貌和尺寸。另外我们还研究了CuO纳米片的光学性能和氮气吸附性质。     

Selective Synthesis of 2D Mesoporous CuO Agglomerates by Pulsed Spark Discharge in Water

Metal oxide nanomaterials, including copper oxide, have attracted great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties that are dependent on particle size and morphology. In this study, we propose an alternative technique for the synthesis of 2D mesoporous CuO agglomerates that is both efficient and ecological. This technique is based on the use of pulsed spark discharges between copper electrodes immersed in deionized water. Detailed TEM analyses show that the synthesized CuO nanostructures are composed of elementary nanocrystals with sizes in the order of a few nanometers. Assessments of the effects of applied voltage (5 and 20 kV) and discharge pulse width (100 and 500 ns) demonstrate that the latter parameter influences the size and density of nanocrystals in a nanostructure. Moreover, voltage and pulse width may both be used to finely control the direct optical band gap energy of CuO nanostructures between 3.0 and 3.4 eV. The efficient and ecological technique developed in this study produces 2D mesoporous CuO agglomerates that can be readily used in other processes.

     

Synthesis of porous hematite nanorods loaded with CuO nanocrystals as catalysts for CO oxidation

Porous hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanorods with the diameter of 20-40 nm and the length of 80-300 nm were synthesized by a simple surfactant-assisted method in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).The α-Fe2O3 nanorods possess a mesostructure with a pore size distribution in the range of 5-12 nm and high surface area,exhibiting high catalytic activity for CO oxidation.CuO nanocrystals were loaded on the surface of porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods by a deposition-precipitation method,and the catalysts exhibited superior activity for catalytic oxidation of CO,as compared with commercial α-Fe2O3 powders supported CuO catalyst.The enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to the strong interaction between the CuO nanocrystals and the support of porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods.