界面不稳定性引起混合过程的二维数值计算

在可压缩多介质流体动力学高精度欧拉计算方法多介质流体分段抛物方法(multi-fluid piecewise parabolic method, MFPPM)基础上,运用算子分裂技术,增加二阶空间中心差方法和两步Rung-Kutta时间推进方法计算动力学黏性以及热流部分对流场的影响,发展适用于NS(Navier-Stokes)方程的可压缩多介质黏性流体计算方法多介质黏性流体分段抛物方法(multi-viscousity-fluid piecewise parabolic method, MVPPM). 文中采用MVPPM对英国AWE(atomic weapons establishment)激波管实验进行二维计算,给出了与实验图像基本一致的计算结果;应用MFPPM和MVPPM分别对二维柱对称内爆动力学界面不稳定性及其后期混合过程进行数值模拟,给出内外界面演化、速度历史以及后期中心气穴不同半径内因RT(Rayleigh-Taylor)界面不稳定性引起的混合量分布情况,从计算结果比较可见黏性对物质界面处混合量的分布影响明显.      

激波管实验和果冻实验界面不稳定性数值计算

运用算子分裂技术,增加二阶空间中心差方法和两步Rung-Kutta时间推进方法计算动力学粘性以及热流部分对流场的影响,将可压缩多介质流体动力学高精度欧拉计算方法MFPPM发展到适用于NS(Nayier Stokes)方程的可压缩多介质粘性流体计算方法MVPPM.通过与界面不稳定性实验结果的比较,来检验计算方法的正确性,并验证计算程序的有效性.主要包括一个激波管实验和两个果冻实验,即英国AWE(Atomic Weapons Establishment)激波管实验和LLNL实验室的果冻环实验以及中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室进行的爆轰驱动下单层果冻界面不稳定性实验.研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实验测量结果以及对应时刻的实验图象均吻合较好.     

界面不稳定性实验的数值研究

采用多介质流体的三阶精度Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) 计算方法对界面不稳定性实验模型进行数值模拟,通过对Lawrence Livermore National Laboratary (LLNL)实验室的果冻环实验模型的数值计算,获得了与其计算和实验图像基本一致的结果, 从而验证和确认了计算方法和计算程序. 在此基础上,对于冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验 室设计的果冻内外界面10模峰对峰、峰对谷振幅为1\,mm扰动的界面不稳定性实验模型,给出 了果冻内外界面位置、速度和加速度历史曲线,详细分析了果冻内外界面不稳定性的发展、 演化过程,并给出了两种实验模型实验结果和对应的数值模拟结果.     

柱面汇聚冲击界面不稳定性的理论计算

根据流体力学界面不稳定性的线性理论，结合流体动力学零级量的计算程序，计算了柱面汇聚的界面不稳定性问题，给出的扰动发展结果与实验符合较好。     

欧拉流体力学数值方法中的界面计算

本文所提算法适用于二维和三维多介质流体力学两步欧拉数值方法中输运计算的混合网格(包括自由面网格)界面处理。在一个混合网格中,界面被近似地看作直线(二维)或平面(三维)。整个方法分为三步：(1)第一步,用混合网格周围的八个网格的介质面积份额(二维)或二十六个网格的介质体积份额(三维)确定界面的法线方向;第二步,用混合网格的本身的介质面积份额(二维)或体积份额(三维)确定界面的方程(位置);第三步,用此直线方程求出通过网格边界的流以及下一时刻网格的面积份额(二维)或体积份额(三维)。最后给出了用此方法所做的一些数值计算及与SLIC算法的比较。     

内爆加载金属界面不稳定性的数值分析

采用自行研制的多介质弹塑性流体力学欧拉程序,对柱形内爆加载金属界面不稳定性进行了数值研究,数值模拟结果与文献实验数据吻合较好。数值结果表明:材料强度对界面不稳定性发展有不可忽略的抑制作用;材料屈服强度对较高模数不稳定性增长的抑制较强,而剪切模量对不稳定性发展的影响相似但敏感性相对较弱;金属界面不稳定性增长存在最不稳定模数,最不稳定模数随屈服强度增加而减小,并近似与屈服强度的对数呈线性关系;随着壳的厚度减小,扰动增长加快。     

多介质可压缩流体动力学界面捕捉方法

研究多介质流界面捕捉方法的主要目的是消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡现象 ,并通过流体动力学方程和界面捕捉方程的耦合 ,将多介质流体动力学计算形式上转化为单介质流体计算 ,从而可以采用对计算单介质有效的高精度计算方法来处理多介质流动问题。推广了Shyue界面捕捉和其等效方程的推导方法 ,给出的结果可以适用于具有状态方程 p =( ,e,a1 , ,an) +( ,e,b1 , ,bn)e的介质 ,并通过了数值试验验证。     

柱面会聚冲击界面不稳定性实验研究

使用柱面炸药网络引爆柱面炸药，推动伍德合金－水叠层加速，用高速分幅相机测得了界面初始扰动的不稳定性发展，幅度从原来的－４．３ｍｍ发展到了＋５．２ｍｍ的结果。     

柱形和球形壳体内爆界面不稳定性数值分析

为了更好地研究柱形和球形构型下果冻界面不稳定性发展,避免内爆聚心反弹前后直角坐标网格计算导致的误差,提高对流场和界面位置的计算精度,通过应用考虑了MVFT程序的网格适应性,使其能够适用于柱形网格和球形网格下的界面不稳定性数值模拟,特别是能够保证内爆聚心反弹前后流场和界面计算的稳定性。应用改进的计算程序对两种构型下的界面不稳定性进行了数值模拟,并对二者界面演化规律进行了详细讨论和归纳。结果表明:对于内外半径相同的柱形和球形果冻,聚心反弹时前者半径较小,而后者反弹时刻早于前者,其向内聚心和向外运动的速度最大值大于前者,对内部气体的压缩强度强于前者。对于外边界带有正弦扰动情况,除遵循上述规律外,计算还给出了峰谷转换现象。该项研究结果为进一步深入进行复杂构型下界面不稳定性高精度数值模拟研究提供了一种分析工具。     

欧拉坐标系下具有锐利相界面的可压缩多介质流动数值方法研究

可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟在国防和工业领域内均具有重要的研究价值,诸如武器设计、爆炸安全防护等,通常具有大变形、高度非线性等特点,是一项极具挑战性的研究课题. 本文提出了一种基于 Euler 坐标系的非结构网格、具有锐利相界面的二维和三维守恒型多介质流动数值方法,可用于模拟可压缩流体和弹塑性固体在极端物理条件下的大变形动力学行为. 利用分片线性的水平集函数重构出单纯形网格内分段线性的相界面,并在混合网格内构建出具有多种介质的相界面几何结构,理论上可以处理全局任意种介质、局部 3 种介质的多介质流动问题. 利用传统的有限体积格式来计算单元边界上同种介质间的数值通量,并通过在相界面法向上求解局部一维多介质 Riemann 问题的精确解来计算不同介质间的数值通量,保证了相界面上的通量守恒. 提出了一种非结构网格上的单元聚合算法,消除了由于网格被相界面分割成较小碎片、违反 CFL 条件,进而可能带来数值不稳定的问题. 针对一维多介质 Riemann 问题、激波与气泡相互作用问题、浅埋爆炸问题、空中强爆炸冲击波和典型坑道内冲击波传播问题开展了数值模拟研究,将计算结果与相关的理论、实验结果进行比对,验证了数值方法的正确性和可靠性.      

低密度流体界面不稳定性大涡模拟

采用拉伸涡亚格子尺度应力模型对湍流输运中的亚格子作用项进行模式化处理,发展了适用于可压多介质黏性流动和湍流的大涡模拟方法和代码MVFT（multi-viscous flow and turbulence）。利用MVFT代码对低密度流体界面不稳定性及其诱发的湍流混合问题进行了数值模拟。详细分析了扰动界面的发展,流场中冲击波的传播、相互作用、湍流混合区边界的演化规律,以及流场瞬时密度和湍动能的分布和发展。数值模拟获得的界面演化图像和流场中波系结构与实验结果吻合较好。三维和二维模拟结果的比较显示,两者得到的扰动界面位置、波系及湍流混合区边界基本一致,只是后期的界面构型有所不同,这也正说明湍流具有强三维效应。     

柱状交界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的数值研究

采用基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式模拟了柱形密度交界面在同轴激波加速下的演化过程。得到了以下初步结果:在参数相同的情形下,内聚激波比中心爆炸波对界面的扰动更危险;内聚激波从轻质流体进入重质流体与从重质流体进入轻质流体相比,界面有更快的增长。周向波数大小对界面增长率有很大的影响,在计算的参数下,n=8～12有最大增长率,大于和小于这个范围的周向波长,增长率均明显减弱。     

激波冲击下air/SF6界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

实验研究了低马赫数(1.27)激波作用air/SF6界面的RM不稳定性问题.air/SF6初始正弦界面由厚度为1～2 μm的薄膜相隔得到,用阴影法测试界面演化过程.实验结果表明:由于不稳定性重流体(SF6)向轻流体(air)演化成“尖钉”结构,而轻流体演化为“气泡”结构;由于界面切向速度差的Kelvin-Helm-ho...     

钝感炸药点火增长模型的欧拉数值模拟

在自主研发的二维多介质欧拉弹塑性流体力学程序中,通过引入点火增长的反应率模型以及炸药减敏模型,借助网格自适应技术,研究钝感炸药的冲击点火、直径效应以及死区形成等爆轰现象。数值模拟结果表明,该程序能够正确模拟平面爆轰波的爆速、CJ状态、vonNeumann尖点等爆轰参数;并能够较好模拟炸药的直径效应。另外,通过引入考虑减敏效应的反应率模型,能较好地模拟钝感炸药的死区形成过程。     

Numerical simulation of compressible multifluid flows using an adaptive positivity-preserving RKDG-GFM approach

The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method together with a refined real-ghost fluid method is incorporated into an adaptive mesh refinement environment for solving compressible multifluid flows, where the level set method is used to capture the moving material interface. To ensure that the Riemann problem is exactly along the normal direction of the material interface, a simple and efficient modification is introduced into the original real-ghost fluid method for constructing the interfacial Riemann problem, and the initial conditions of the Riemann problem are obtained directly from the solution polynomials of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element space. In addition, a positivity-preserving limiter is introduced into the Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method to suppress the failure of preserving positivity of density or pressure for the problems involving strong shock wave or shock interaction with material interface. For interfacial cells in adaptive mesh refinement, the data transfer between different grid levels is achieved by using a L² projection approach along with the least squares fitting. Various numerical cases, including multifluid shock tubes, underwater explosions, and shock-induced collapse of a underwater air bubble, are computed to assess the capability of the present adaptive positivity-preserving RKDG-GFM approach, and the simulated results show that the present approach is quite robust and can provide relatively reasonable results across a wide variety of flow regimes, even for problems involving strong shock wave or shock wave impacting high acoustic impedance mismatch material interface.     

Feature‐based adaptive mesh refinement for wingtip vortices

Feature‐based solution‐adaptive mesh refinement is an attractive strategy when it is known a priori that the resolution of certain key features is critical to achieving the objectives of a simulation. In this paper, we apply vortex characterization techniques, which are typically employed to visualize vortices, to identify regions of the computational domain for mesh refinement. We investigate different refinement strategies that are facilitated by these vortex characterization techniques to simulate the flow past a wing in a wind tunnel. Our results, which we compare with experimental data, indicate that it is necessary to refine the region within and near the vortex extent surface to obtain an accurate prediction. Application of the identified mesh refinement strategy also produced observed improvement in the results predicted for a spinning missile with deflected canards. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用浮阻力模型研究Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导混合

采用浮阻力模型对激波管低压缩和激光加载高压缩情况下的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导混合现象进行了研究。通过与实验和理论分析结果进行比较发现:为了达到好的吻合, Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性情况下阻力系数的取值范围(2.0~5.36)比Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性情况下的值(3.3~4.0)宽得多; 而在Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性情况下, 高压缩时阻力系数的不确定度(约为3.36)明显高于低压缩时的值(约为1.46), 模型的进一步完善还有待于更精确实验的验证。研究显示:指数律经验公式中指数随工况的不同而显著变化, 目前工程设计中采用指数律经验公式是粗糙的。     

Numerical analysis of moving interfaces using a level set method coupled with adaptive mesh refinement

A novel numerical scheme is developed by coupling the level set method with the adaptive mesh refinement in order to analyse moving interfaces economically and accurately. The finite element method (FEM) is used to discretize the governing equations with the generalized simplified marker and cell (GSMAC) scheme, and the cubic interpolated pseudo‐particle (CIP) method is applied to the reinitialization of the level set function. The present adaptive mesh refinement is implemented in the quadrangular grid systems and easily embedded in the FEM‐based algorithm. For the judgement on renewal of mesh, the level set function is adopted as an indicator, and the threshold is set at the boundary of the smoothing band. With this criterion, the variation of physical properties and the jump quantity on the free surface can be calculated accurately enough, while the computation cost is largely reduced as a whole. In order to prove the validity of the present scheme, two‐dimensional numerical simulation is carried out in collapse of a water column, oscillation and movement of a drop under zero gravity. As a result, its effectiveness and usefulness are clearly shown qualitatively and quantitatively. Among them, the movement of a drop due to the Marangoni effect is first simulated efficiently with the present scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An adaptive cut‐cell method for environmental fluid mechanics

In this work we present a numerical method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in an environmental fluid mechanics context. The method is designed for the study of environmental flows that are multiscale, incompressible, variable‐density, and within arbitrarily complex and possibly anisotropic domains. The method is new because in this context we couple the embedded‐boundary (or cut‐cell) method for complex geometry with block‐structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) while maintaining conservation and second‐order accuracy. The accurate simulation of variable‐density fluids necessitates special care in formulating projection methods. This variable‐density formulation is well known for incompressible flows in unit‐aspect ratio domains, without AMR, and without complex geometry, but here we carefully present a new method that addresses the intersection of these issues. The methodology is based on a second‐order‐accurate projection method with high‐order‐accurate Godunov finite‐differencing, including slope limiting and a stable differencing of the nonlinear convection terms. The finite‐volume AMR discretizations are based on two‐way flux matching at refinement boundaries to obtain a conservative method that is second‐order accurate in solution error. The control volumes are formed by the intersection of the irregular embedded boundary with Cartesian grid cells. Unlike typical discretization methods, these control volumes naturally fit within parallelizable, disjoint‐block data structures, and permit dynamic AMR coarsening and refinement as the simulation progresses. We present two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical examples to illustrate the accuracy of the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单模大扰动的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

采用高精度的多介质Ghost-Fluid方法,对马赫数为1.15的激波分别作用于单模大扰动Air-CO2、Air-SF6、Air-N2和Air-He界面后的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定现象进行了数值研究,得到了不同时刻扰动界面的演化图像,给出了流场的密度等值线和密度纹影图,同实验结果吻合较好。给出了界面的扰动增长随时间变化的情况,并同理论模型进行了对比。对激波从轻气体进入重气体的情况,扰动增长可采用Sadot模型描述线性阶段和早期非线性阶段;对于弱激波同密度接近的气体界面的相互作用,线性阶段时间较长,可用线性模型描述。