分子动力学模拟研究LiCl急冷非晶形成过程中的局部结构

卤化物玻璃因其无合氧键,红外吸收小,目前已成为引人注目的光纤新材料。用分子动力学(MD)方法研究液态急冶形成非晶态的过程,对于卤化物玻璃形成过程的研究,也同样有意义。碱金属卤化物是最简单的熔盐,其离子间相互作用势比较清楚,因此可用MD     

氟代硼酸锂玻璃的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法,计算了氟代硼酸锂玻璃的电导率.研究的温度范围高于和近于玻璃转变温度,共模拟了七个体系,研究的成分大致覆盖了能形成玻璃的区域.所得极限电导率、活化能以及电导率随温度的变化与实验数据符合得相当好.以往的研究认为快离子传导的典型特征是仅有一种离子发生迁移,我们的模拟表明氟离子对电导也有较大贡献.用活化能数据可顺利解释这个三元系各体系的电导率相对高低问题.     

ZnCl2熔盐的分子动力学模拟

近年来，若干作者根据几种粒子间函数，对ZnCl2熔盐结构做过分子动力学模拟［1－3］其出的Zn－Cl和Cl－Cl离子间的偏径向分布函数与中子衍射实测值符合较好，但Zn－Zn离子间距以及Zn－Zn间配位数计算值多偏高．鉴于Busing势函数在多价卤化物馆盐的分子动力学计算中应用效果较好[4],我们试用Busing势函数为基础对ZnCl2熔盐结构和能量做分子动力学计算．1研究方法计算所用粒子势为Busing势函数此处，Zi为离子的电行数（ZZn。＋＝2，Zcl－＝1），几；是离子有效半径，人为＊离子的“硬度”参数·据文献问，f二0．005071，尸zn。十二0．…     

AX-BX2卤化物熔盐体系固溶体形成规律

用原子参数-模式识别方法研究了AX-BX2型卤化物熔盐体系形成固溶体的规律性，并应用人工神经网络方法对该体系形成的最大固溶度作定量计算，同时预报了LiC-NiCl2熔盐体系能形成以LiCl为基的广泛固溶体，其最大固溶度计算结果为21.5(mol)%NiCl2,与实验结果基本一致。     

二元合金Ag_(50)Rh_(50)从液态到非晶的分子动力学计算

本文对贵重金属银铑合金Ag50Rh50的液态结构和激冷过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究原子间作用势采用紧束缚势模拟在施加了周期性边界条件的常压状态下进行。采用了偶关联函数、键对分析技术和键取向序参数以分子动力学模拟计算方法揭示了Ag50Rh50的液态结构存在原子偏聚特征以及在快速凝固过程形成原子偏聚的不均匀非晶并与同族过渡金属进行了非晶形成能力的比较。     

二元合金Ag50Rh50从液态到非晶的分子动力学计算

本文对贵重金属银铑合金Ag50Rh50的液态结构和激冷过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究,原子间作用势采用紧束缚势,模拟在施加了周期性边界折常压状态下进行。采用了偶关联函数,键对分析技术和键取向序参, 分子动力学模拟计算方法揭示了Ag50Rh50的液态结构存在原子偏聚特征以及在快速凝固过程形成原子偏聚的不均匀非晶,并与同族过渡金属进行了非晶形成能力的比较。     

熔盐复卤化物形成规律

熔盐复卤化物形成规律的研究,不仅对于冶金工业、化学工业、原子能工业有很大作用,而且对理论研究也有很重要的意义.一些作者曾对卤化物二元熔盐相图进行了大量的研究,但对其中间化合物的形     

金属卤化物的水溶性

金属卤化物水溶性规律一直是困扰大一新生的问题。本文从原子结构和分子结构出发归纳了金属卤化物的化学键,再根据化学键的强弱分析其水溶方式,同时配以热力学数据讨论了其溶解过程中的能量变化,最后归纳出了金属卤化物的水溶性规律。     

漂白过程的电化学研究 Ⅲ.利用旋转圆盘电极模拟照相漂白过程

将银旋转圆盘电极在给定时间内浸在漂白液中进行氧化。在氧化过程中,来自漂白液中的卤化物在银电极表面与氧化生成的银离子形成卤化银。氧化反应生成的卤化银量可以用电化学还原方法进行定量测定。利用这种简单的方法可以研究漂白动力学,研究漂白液的组份、浓度和pH对漂白速度的影响。通过记录在银电极上氧化还原对的电流。电位曲线可以定量描述漂白过程。     

三元体系YCl3-CdCl2-H2O和四元体系YCl3-CdCl2-HCl(～8.8%)-H2O (25℃)的相平衡及其固相新化合物的研究

研究发现稀土卤化物与一些金属卤化物所形成的化合物具有特殊的光学性质[1,2]。为了寻找这类新化合物及其它们的形成机理,文献研究了稀土卤化物与碱金属卤化物在盐酸介质中的相化学关系,且发现了新物相化合物Cs5EuCl8·14H2O和Cs2EuCl5·4H2O具有上转换发光性能[3~5]。为比较过     

熔融LiCL中的Voronoi多面体

分子动力学计算表明,在熔融LiCl中存在与组分离子尺寸相当的微观空孔。微观空孔的分布规律对理解系统的扩散系数、电导系数、粘度、压缩率和热膨胀系数等都有重要意义,它们与自由体积模型中的自由体积也有密切的关系。     

LiCl急冷玻璃形成过程中局部结构的分子动力学模拟——基于周期性边界条件的Voronoi多面体计算

我们建立的在周期性边界条件下由定义直接构算模拟立方元胞中各粒子Voronoi多面体的逐次切割法,以及对熔融LiCl在急冷过程的四个温度下共二万余个Voronoi多面体的面数、体积、侧面多边形、侧面面积等信息的统计分析结果。讨了退化和非退化的Voronoi多面体与计算精度的关系。计算清楚地表明,不同的相具有不同的局部结构特征。特别值得注意的是在298K,系统的Voronoi多面体分布极为集中。文中还根据Voronoi多面体的信息计算了各温下Li~+离子和Cl~-离子的配位数和配位数的组成。     

熔融LiCl系中微观空间的确定和分布

分子动力学计算机模拟计算表明在熔融碱金属卤化物中存在微观空洞.本文报道计算微观空洞和描述微观空洞分布的方法. 根据模拟所求相轨道,考虑到周期性边界条件,若在中心元胞的某处能加入一个至少跟组分粒子尺寸相当的“虚粒子”且又不跟任何其它粒子(包括组分粒子和已加入的虚粒子)相交,则称在该处存在一个微观空洞,可容纳最大虚粒子的孔洞的半径即微观空洞半径. 为嵌入虚粒子,须对已存在的粒子进行搜索.以四个粒子为一组,在中心元胞中依次选择一个粒子为母粒子,在其周围的一定范围内再另任选三个粒子,构成一个四粒子组.设法     

LiCl急冷玻璃形成过程中局部结构的分子动力学模拟——基于周期性边界条件的Voronoi多面体计算

我们建立的在周期性边界条件下由定义直接构算模拟立方元胞中各粒子Voronoi多面体的逐次切割法, 以及对熔融LiCl在急冷过程的四个温度下共二万余个Voronoi多面体的面数、体积、侧面多边形、侧面面积等信息的统计分析结果。讨了退化和非退化的Voronoi多面体与计算精度的关系。计算清楚地表明, 不同的相具有不同的局部结构特征。特别值得注意的是在298 K, 系统的Voronoi多面体分布极为集中。文中还根据Voronoi多面体的信息计算了各温下Li~+离子和Cl~-离子的配位数和配位数的组成。     

Molecular view of the isothermal transformation of a stable glass to a liquid

We have used neutron reflectivity to measure translational motion on the nanometer length scale in exceptionally stable glasses of tris(naphthylbenzene). These glasses are prepared by vapor deposition onto a substrate held somewhat below the glass transition temperature (T(g) = 342 K). When the most stable samples are annealed at 345 K, no translational motion is observed on the 12 nm length scale for over 10,000 s and full mixing requires more than 60,000 s. For comparison, the equilibrium supercooled liquid mixes in 1000 s at this temperature and on this length scale. These measurements provide insight into the mechanism by which a stable glass transforms into a liquid. "Melting" of the stable glass appears to occur by the growth of liquid regions into the surrounding glassy matrix, perhaps by a surface-initiated growth process. At 345 K, translational motion in the stable glass is at least 100 times slower than motion in the supercooled liquid.     

Thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties of supercooled water confined in mesoporous MCM-41 studied with calorimetric, neutron diffraction, and neutron spin echo measurements

Thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties of heavy water (D(2)O) confined in mesoporous silica glass MCM-41 C10, C12, and C14 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, neutron diffraction, and neutron spin echo (NSE) measurements, respectively. The DSC data showed that no crystallization of D(2)O confined in C10 occurs in a temperature range between 298 and 180 K, and that crystalline ice is formed at 204 and 221 K for C12 and C14, respectively. For C10, the neutron radial distribution functions of confined D(2)O suggested a structural change in the supercooled state between 223 and 173 K. For C10 sample, it has been found that the tetrahedral-like water structure is partially enhanced in the central part of pores at 173 K. For all the samples, the intermediate scattering functions from the NSE measurements are fitted by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential function which implies that confined supercooled D(2)O exhibits a wide distribution of relaxation times. For C10, C12, and C14 samples, between 298 and 240 K, the relaxation times of supercooled D(2)O follow remarkably well the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation; for C10 sample, below 240 K, the relaxation times of nonfreezing D(2)O show an Arrhenius type behavior. From the present experimental results on calorimetric, structural, and dynamic properties, it has been concluded that supercooled D(2)O confined in MCM-41 C10 experiences a transition from high-density to low-density hydrogen-bonded structure at around 229 K.     

Crystallization at the glass transition in supercooled thin films of methanol

The stability of an amorphous material depends on how fast and by what mechanism crystallization occurs. Based on crystallization rate measurements through optical reflectivity changes in supercooled methanol thin films, it is observed for the first time that there is a definitive and detectable change of the crystallization mechanism at the glass transition temperature T(g). For methanol glasses below T(g)=103.4 K, crystallization occurs as an interface controlled, one-dimension process at frozen-in embryo sites, while in the deep supercooled liquid phase above T(g) crystallization is diffusion controlled in two dimensions with a constant nucleation rate and an activation energy of 107.8(+/-4.7) kJ/mol.     

Variable temperature 1H, 23Na,and 29Si MAS NMR studies on sodium silicate hydrates of composition Na2O · SiO2 · nH2O (n = 9, 6, 5): Local structure in crystals,melts, supercooled melts,and glasses

The local structure in crystals, melts, supercooled melts, and glasses of sodium silicate hydrates of composition Na₂O · SiO₂ · nH₂O (n = 9, 6, 5) is studied by variable temperature ¹H, ²³Na, and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Detailed in situ investigations on the melting process of the crystalline materials reveal the importance of H₂O motion in the melting mechanism. Depending on the local coordination, crystallographically distinct Na sites show different behaviour during the melting process. Upon melting, the monomer silicate anions present in the crystalline hydrates undergo condensation reactions to oligomeric silicate anions. No recrystallization but glass formation occurs at low temperature if the melts were heated initially about 10 K above the melting point. In the glasses also oligomeric silicate anions are present with a preference for cyclotrimer species. In situ MAS NMR investigations and electric conductivity measurements of the melts, supercooled melts, and glasses suggest the distinction of three temperature ranges characterized by different local structure and dynamics of the sodium cations, water and silicate anions. These ranges comprise a glass and glass transition range A at low temperatures, an aggregation region B at intermediate temperatures, and a solution or electrolyte region C at high temperatures. In region B aggregation of sodium water complexes to hydrated polycation clusters is suggested, the dynamic behaviour of which is clearly different to that of the silicate anions, indicating that no long-lived contact ion pairs between sodium cations and silicate anions are formed.     

The glass transition behaviour of salted nylon 6

Summary Glass transition measurements of nylon-6/lithium halides mixtures have been carried out in wide range of frequency with the aid of different experimental techniques.The results show an increase of the glass transition temperature when the salt is present and prove the larger effectiveness of lithium chloride with respect of lithium bromide.This effect, in line with the large reduction of the specific volume caused by the salt, is due to the formation of a pseudo-cross-linking between lithium ions and the carbonyl-oxygen groups of the polyamide.     

Orientational and translational dynamics in room temperature ionic liquids

The authors investigate the dynamics of a series of room temperature ionic liquids, based on the same 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with different anions, by means of broadband (10(-6)-10(9) Hz) dielectric spectroscopy and depolarized light scattering in the temperature range from 400 K down to 35 K. Typical ionic conductivity is observed above the glass transition temperature Tg. Below Tg the authors detect relaxation processes that exhibit characteristics of secondary relaxations, as typically observed in molecular glasses. At high temperatures, the characteristic times of cation reorientation, deduced from the light scattering data, are approximately equal to the electric modulus relaxation times related to ionic conductivity. In the supercooled regime and close to Tg, the authors observe decoupling of conductivity from structural relaxation. Overall, room temperature ionic liquids exhibit typical glass transition dynamics, apparently unaltered by Coulomb interactions.