Structure of Pd/SiO2 sol-gel and impregnated catalysts

Palladium catalysts were prepared by sol-gel and impregnation techniques both in acid and basic media. The sol-gel catalysts resulted in larger PdO crystallites than the impregnated catalysts. In both preparation methods, an acid medium promoted the formation of small metal crystallites which provided catalytic activity. A stronger metal-support interaction was found in sol-gel catalysts synthesized from a square planar palladium complex. Deactivation results in phenylacetylene hydrogenation have been attributed to palladium hydrate formation or to deposition of carbonaceous compounds. The preparation mode determined the contribution of each deactivating reaction.     

表面活性物质对SiO2干凝胶中甲基橙变色反应的影响

掺杂;表面活性物质对SiO2干凝胶中甲基橙变色反应的影响     

Cu/SiO2表面性质对甲醇脱氢反应性能的影响

甲醇催化脱氢是将甲醇转化为其它有机化学品的一条有效途径,该反应的产物依反应条件以及催化剂不同有可能是无水甲醛、甲酸甲酯或CO’‘－”．很多研究结果表明铜基催化剂对甲醇脱氢反应表现出较好的催化性能’‘－”,但催化剂的表面结构对其反应性能的影响以及反应过程中由于催化剂结构变化引起的活性和选择性的变化规律还缺乏深入研究．本文以Cll／Sic。为研究对象,考察了制备方法对催化剂甲醇脱氧反应性能的影响．1实验部分1．1催化剂制备负载型催化剂以微球型Sic。作为载体（BET比表面积3635mZ·g－‘）,分别以钢氨溶液和硝酸铜…     

二氧化碳在Pd/SiO2和La-Pd/SiO2上的催化氢化反应

对CO₂在附载型Pd催化剂上的氢化反应的研究迄今报道不多^[1,2],且都在加压条件下进行,对常压下助催剂如何改善Pd的催化行为未见报道。本文探讨了Pd/SiO₂催化剂,未加与掺加助催剂La(NO₃)₃后,其Pd粒大小、CO₂的吸附性能及CO₂/H₂催化活性等方面都有显著差异。     

Cobalt Oxide/Silica Xerogels Powders: X-Ray Diffraction,Infrared and Visible Absorption Studies

Using x-ray diffraction, infrared and visible absorption spectroscopies we have studied: silica xerogel powders when cobalt nitrate is incorporated and mainly the evolution of the precipitated cobalt species in the SiO₂ matrix. Samples containing cobalt nitrate and prepared with a molar ratio of H₂O/TEOS of 11.67 were studied as a function of annealing temperature. It was found that the added element has a remarkable influence on the final structure of this kind of samples and at relatively high temperatures the cobalt compounds react with the silica matrix forming a cobalt silicate.     

Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over Cu/CeO_2 Catalysts Prepared by SMAI

Introduction Carbon monoxide is ubiquitous air pollutants emitted by many sources. Total oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide is employed to meet environmental regulations in an economic way. Precious metals (Pt, Pd) are well-known oxidation catalysts with high activity and stability, and are widely used for exhaust gas emission control. However, the high cost of precious metals and their sensitivity to sulfur poisoning have long motivated the search for substitute catalysts. …     

Preparation of Cu/SiO2 Catalyst by Solution Exchange of Wet Silica Gel

Structural formation process of Ni/SiO₂ and Cu/SiO₂ catalysts prepared by solution exchange of wet silica gel was investigated. Microstructures of Cu/SiO₂ and Ni/SiO₂ were quite different from each other. In the case of Cu/SiO₂, Cu particles with diameter of ca. 3–5 nm dispersed homogeneously at less Cu content, and the particle size of Cu as well as pore size of silica gel support increased with increasing Cu content. In the Ni/SiO₂, the Ni particles with diameter of ca. 6–10 nm gathered densely to form aggregates in silica matrix resulting in sea-island structure, whereas the size of Ni particle slightly increased with increasing Ni content. The difference in the structure of the metal-silica composites is probably caused by the difference in interaction between silica gel network and metal ions during drying and heating processes.     

Zn/SiO_2气相催化裂解1,1,2-三氯乙烷脱HCl:酸性与失活

用浸渍法制备了一系列SiO_2负载的过渡金属催化剂M/SiO_2(M为第Ⅳ周期过渡金属),用于气相催化裂解1,1,2-三氯乙烷(TCE)脱HCl的反应。研究发现,在M/SiO_2催化剂中,Zn/SiO_2催化性能最好,TCE转化率能达到98%,顺-1,2-二氯乙烯(cis-DCE)的选择性为82%。随着Zn负载量的增加,Zn/SiO_2催化剂上TCE转化率逐渐增加,与催化剂上总酸量变化一致。将总酸量以Zn负载量归一化得到比酸量,则比酸量越大,Zn/SiO_2催化剂比活性越高,表明Zn/SiO_2催化剂表面酸性中心是TCE脱氯反应的活性中心。Zn/SiO_2催化剂在TCE脱HCl反应中存在一定的失活现象,归因于反应过程中催化剂表面积炭。低Zn负载量催化剂上会产生较多积炭,归因于其具有较多强酸性中心,表明催化剂表面强酸中心是导致催化剂积炭和失活的主要原因。     

CO Oxidation on Cu/MgO-SiO2 Sol-Gel Derived Catalysts

Sol-gel Cu//MgOSiO₂ catalysts were prepared gelling tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), magnesium ethoxide and copper acetylacetonate at pH 3 and pH 9. The catalysts shown specific surface areas ca. 500 m²/g and 140 m²/g for pH 9 and pH 3 preparations respectively. Si(OH) and Si(OH)₂ hydroxy groups were observed by MAS-RMN spectroscopy in both preparations. CO₂-TPD and NH₃-TPD desorption thermograms showed that acid and basic sites were formed on the catalysts surface. It has been found that the catalysts having the highest density of basic sites were the catalysts showing the highest activity for the CO oxidation. It is proposed that the catalytic activity depends of the relative Cu⁼¹/Cu⁼² stability given by the support acidity.     

新型光敏聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化材料的制备与性能研究

通过溶胶－凝胶法制备了一种新型的光敏聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅杂化材料。研究表明当ＳｉＯ２的含量≤１０ｗｔ％时杂化材料除了保持光敏聚酰亚胺原有的感光性能外其热稳定性能、力学性能以及与基底的粘附性能均有明显地提高,同时材料的热膨胀系数也显著地降低。     

Deep Oxidation of Methane Over Cu and Ag Modified Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Cu-Mn and Ag-Mn composite oxide catalysts were prepared by the modification of high specific surface area MnO₂ precursor with Cu or Ag, and used for CH₄ deep oxidation. The results were compared with that of unmodified MnOx. It is found that both Cu and Ag additives increase the oxidation activity of manganese oxide below 420°C; however, only Ag lowers the CH₄ complete oxidation temperature (T₉₈), whereas Cu increases the T₉₈. The catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD and H₂-TPR. Due to the synergetic effects of Cu and Ag ions with manganese oxide, the activity of the oxygen species is improved, leading to the increase of the oxidation activities of the modified catalysts, especially below 420°C.     

Cu/SiO_2气凝胶催化剂上CO的催化氧化性能

如何消除 CO对环境造成的污染 ,是当前人们所关心的课题之一 .催化氧化是消除 CO的一种有效方法 .常用的 CO氧化催化剂多以贵金属为基础 .目前 ,对非贵金属催化剂的研究也正在进行 ,其中 ,过渡金属 Cu、Co、Fe等对 CO的氧化有较好的催化作用 .传统的过渡金属催化剂多以氧化铝为载体 ,并发展了多种制备方法 ,如化学浸渍法、溶胶凝胶法[1] 等 ;催化剂的金属活性组分也由微米级颗粒发展到纳米级超细粒子[2 ] .但对载体的研究仍集中于氧化铝 .近几年发现 ,过渡金属交换的ZSM- 5分子筛具有较高的活性和稳定性 [3 ] .二氧化硅气凝胶是一种新…     

Copper oxide on Cu/Al2O3-TiO2 catalystsTG,FTIR-CO absorption and catalytic activity in the NO reduction by CO

TG, FTIR-(CO absorption), and catalytic activity in the NO reduction by CO were used to characterize Cu/Al₂O₃-TiO₂ catalysts prepared by co-gelling aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and titanium iso-propoxide at pH 9 and at pH 3 gelling conditions. Under nitrogen flow, copper oxide decomposition, oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and sample dehydroxylation (total mass loss) was followed by TG. The CuO decomposition forming Cu⁰, Cu⁺¹ was observed by means of FTIR (CO absorption) spectra. In pH 9 sample the large amount of Cu⁰ was observed. At low total mass loss and high Cu⁰/Cu⁺¹+Cu⁺² ratio (pH 9 sample) a lowest light-off in the NO reduction by CO was observed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂催化毛竹与聚乙烯共裂解反应研究

我们采用等体积浸渍法制备了Al2O3负载贵金属Pd系列催化剂,分别在N2和H2气氛下,研究了不同Pd负载量的催化剂对毛竹和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)混合物的催化裂解性能.实验结果表明:Pd的负载量为1.0%时,Pd/Al2O3催化剂在两种气氛下活性均较好,在H2气氛下所得到的油品中烯烃含量较低,异链烷烃和环烷烃含量较高,油品的收率和质量均明显优于在N2气氛下所得到的油品.XRD表征发现,Pd负载量为1.0%的催化剂上,Pd在Al2O3载体上生成了晶形,表明金属钯有利于毛竹和LDPE共裂解生成液体产物.     

Pd/C催化剂用于CO2电化学还原生成CO:Pd载量的影响

CO₂电化学还原反应可以将CO₂转化为燃料并同时实现再生能源的有效存储. 目前纳米结构的多相催化剂已经广泛应用于此反应,其中碳负载钯纳米粒子（Pd/C）表现出优异的CO₂电化学还原性能. 本工作研究了钯载量对于Pd/C催化剂结构以及其催化CO₂还原生成CO反应活性和选择性的影响. 不同载量的Pd/C催化剂通过液相还原方法制备,钯纳米粒子均匀地分散在碳载体上,载量并没有明显改变对纳米粒子的粒径. 在优选的电解质（0.1 mol·L^-1 KHCO₃）中,CO法拉第效率与载量呈现火山型曲线关系,-0.89 V时载量为20wt%的Pd/C催化剂达到最高的CO法拉第效率(91.2%). 生成CO的几何电流密度随着钯载量的增加而增加,但CO转换频率具有相反的趋势,载量为2.5wt%的Pd/C催化剂具有最高的转换频率. 这种载量对CO₂电化学还原反应活性和选择性的影响主要由活性位的数量、反应动力学、中间物种的稳定性以及反应物、中间物种和产物的传质过程等共同决定.     

Quantum Chemical Studies on the Mechanism of Producing Oxygenates in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on M/SiO2(M = Ni,Ru,Rh,Pd)

EHMO calculations and orbital analyses of fragment;;have been performed for the formation of oxygenates in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on the butterfly model for four different metal (Ni,Ru,Rh,Pd) catalysts supported on SiO2.Calculations were made for the four processes,i.e.,CO-dissociation;Coupling of CO and H to produce CHO;Insertion of CO to M-CH3;insertion of CH2 to M-CH3 On the basis of comparing the degree of CO bonds activation and the energy barriers of the foregoing processes for these four catalysts,it is concluded that Ni/SiO2 can be used as the methanation catalyst.On Ru/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2 C2-oxygenated compound can be produced (acetaldehyde),especially Rh/SiO2 is the even better catalyst,and Pd/SiO2 is a methanol synthesis catalyst.     

Co/SiO2催化剂的表征和吸附量热研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co/S iO2系列的担载型催化剂,采用SBET、TPR、XRD、O2滴定及室温H2、O2、CO和C2H4微量吸附量热等技术进行了研究.结果表明:Co很好分散,S iO2的含量越高,样品的SBET越大;Co是经由Co3 →Co2 →Co0的还原过程;Co/S iO2系列催化剂上,CO、H2、O2和C2H4的初始吸附热数值均比较接近、饱和覆盖度以50Co/50S iO2最高,O2为多层吸附而H2、CO和C2H4为单层吸附,CO为线式吸附并发生歧化反应生成了C和CO2,C2H4吸附解离生成了H2、乙川(C2H3)和C2H6.     

负载型非晶态Cu／SiO2催化剂局域结构的研究

采用ＸＰＳ和ＥＸＡＦＳ方法，研究了以ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法制得的超累粉体ＳｉＯ２为载体，用化学还原沉积法制备的负载型非晶态Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂在甲酸甲酯氢解反应前后的表面结构和局域结构。结果表明，非晶态样品中的铜原子以零价铜的形式存在，但配位数却大幅度地低于铜樯档，意味着铜原子在高比表面超细ＳｉＯ２载体上处于高分散的非晶状态，表面悬空键显著增多，表面能增大，导致配位键收缩。     

Mo 和 Cu 助剂对 FeK/SiO2 催化剂费托合成性能的影响

 研究了 Mo 和 Cu 助剂对 FeK/SiO₂ 催化剂的性质及费托 (F-T) 合成性能的影响. 采用 N₂ 物理吸附、H₂ 程序升温还原、X 射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱和 X 射线光电子能谱技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Mo 加入后与 Fe 产生了较强的相互作用, 抑制了催化剂的还原和碳化; Cu 助剂的加入促进了催化剂的还原和碳化; 当 Mo 和 Cu 共同加入后, 催化剂的还原和碳化行为与单独加入 Cu 助剂时相似. 催化剂 F-T 合成性能在固定床上于 280 ^oC, 1.5 MPa, 2 000 h^-1, H₂/CO = 2.0 的合成气中测试. 结果表明, Mo 的加入降低了催化剂活性, 但提高了重质烃 (C₅₊) 的选择性; Cu 的添加提高了催化剂的活性, 但对稳定 C₅₊选择性作用不明显. Mo 和 Cu 共同加入后, 催化剂既表现出较为稳定的 C₅₊选择性, 同时其活性也没有降低.     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－ｖｉｓ　 ＤＲＳ、ＥＳＲ和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为２．５、５和 １０ｗｔ％的 ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Ｃｒ的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Ｃｒ担载量从２．５ｗｔ％到１０ｗｔ％的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Ｃｒ物种由ＣｒＯ３单体转为多聚ＣｒＯ３和Ｃｒ２Ｏ３晶相。在 ＣＯ２气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为 ２． ５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２ ＞５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２＞１０ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２,反应过程中的原位 ＥＳＲ和 ＵＶ－ｖｉｓＤＲＳ测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Ｃｒ５＋, Ｃｒ５＋可由催化剂预处理过程中 Ｃｒ３＋的氧化及丙烷反应过程中 ＣｒＯ３单体的还原产生,在反应中 ＣＯ２可使Ｃｒ３＋重新氧化为Ｃｒ５＋。