Study of heating effect and acoustic properties of dextran stabilized magnetic fluid

This paper presents acoustic properties of water-based biocompatible fluids in which magnetite particles (Fe₃O₄) were coated with two layers of surfactants: sodium oleate and dextran. The attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic wave measurements shows good structural stability of the fluid under the influence of a magnetic field. Hyperthermic tests proved that the magnetic fluid is suitable for therapeutic use as an agent which can release thermal energy (hyperthermia).     

磁流变抛光工艺参数的正交实验分析

对利用自行配制的水基磁流变抛光液和磁流变抛光实验样机进行了以抛光去除效率和表面粗糙度为考核指标的工艺实验。应用正交试验方法分析了磁流变抛光中主要工艺参数(磁场强度、抛光粉浓度、抛光盘的转速、抛光盘与工件间的间隙)对抛光去除效率和表面粗糙度的影响规律,并结合磁流变抛光机理对其进行了分析。根据实验结果对工艺参数进行了优化。     

三维浅海下弹性结构声辐射预报的有限元-抛物方程法

利用多物理场耦合有限元法对结构和流体适应性强、抛物方程声场计算高效准确的特点,提出了三维浅海波导下弹性结构声振特性研究的有限元-抛物方程法.该方法采用多物理场耦合有限元理论建立浅海下结构近场声辐射模型,计算局域波导下结构声振信息,并提取深度方向上复声压值作为抛物方程初始值;然后采用隐式差分法求解抛物方程以步进计算结构辐射声场.重点介绍了该方法对浅海下结构声辐射计算的准确性、高效性以及快速收敛性后,对Pekeris波导中有限长弹性圆柱壳的声振特性进行了分析.研究得出,当圆柱壳靠近海面(海底)时,其耦合频率比自由场下的要高(低),当潜深达到一定范围时,与自由场耦合频率基本趋于一致;在低频远场,结构辐射场与同强度点源声场具有一定的等效性,且等效距离随着频率增加而增加;由于辐射声场受结构振动模态、几何尺寸和简正波模式影响,结构辐射场传播的衰减规律按近场声影响区、球面波衰减区、介于球面波和柱面波衰减区、柱面波衰减区四个扩展区依次进行.     

Magnetic nanofibers with core (Fe3O4 nanoparticle suspension)/sheath (poly ethylene terephthalate) structure fabricated by coaxial electrospinning

One-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have recently attracted much attention because of their intriguing properties that are not realized by their bulk or particle form. These nanostructures are potentially useful for the application to ultrahigh-density data storages, sensors and bulletproof vest. The magnetic particles in magnetic nanofibers of blend types cannot fully align along the external magnetic field because magnetic particles are arrested in solid polymer matrix. To improve the mobility of magnetic particles, we used magneto-rheological fluid (MRF), which has the good mobility and dispersibility. Superparamagnetic core/sheath composite nanofibers were obtained with MRF and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) solution via a coaxial electrospinning technique. Coaxial electrospinning is suited for fabricating core/sheath nanofibers encapsulating MRF materials within a polymer sheath. The magnetic nanoparticles in MRF were dispersed within core part of the nanofibers. The core/sheath magnetic composite nanofibers exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and the magnetic nanoparticles in MRF well responded to an applied magnetic field. Also, the mechanical properties of the nanofiber were improved in the magnetic field. This study aimed to fabricate core/sheath magnetic composite nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning and characterize the magnetic as well as mechanical properties of composite nanofibers.     

磁流变抛光材料去除的研究

磁流变抛光是近十年来的一种新兴的先进光学制造技术 ,它利用磁流变抛光液在梯度磁场中发生流变而形成的具有粘塑行为的柔性“小磨头”进行抛光。被抛光光学元件的材料去除是在抛光区内实现的。首先简要阐述了磁流变抛光的抛光机理 ,然后利用标准磁流变抛光液进行抛光实验。研究了磁流变抛光中几种主要工艺参数对抛光区的大小和形状以及材料去除率的影响情况。最后给出了磁流变抛光材料去除的规律。     

Acoustic attenuation, phase and group velocities in liquid-filled pipes II: simulation for Spallation Neutron Sources and planetary exploration

This paper uses a finite element method (FEM) to compare predictions of the attenuation and sound speeds of acoustic modes in a fluid-filled pipe with those of the analytical model presented in the first paper in this series. It explains why, when the predictions of the earlier paper were compared with experimental data from a water-filled PMMA pipe, the uncertainties and agreement for attenuation data were worse than those for sound speed data. Having validated the FEM approach in this way, the versatility of FEM is thereafter demonstrated by modeling two practical applications which are beyond the analysis of the earlier paper. These applications model propagation in the mercury-filled steel pipework of the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee), and in a long-standing design for acoustic sensors for use on planetary probes. The results show that strong coupling between the fluid and the solid walls means that erroneous interpretations are made of the data if they assume that the sound speed and attenuation in the fluid in the pipe are the same as those that would be measured in an infinite volume of identical fluid, assumptions which are common when such data have previously been interpreted.     

Experimental realization of constant current device using hydrogen bond ferroelectric liquid crystals

The European Physical Journal E - Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a smart responsive fluid, when exposed to the magnetic field, reflects a noticeable transformation in fluid viscosity due to the...     

Influential Factors of Internal Magnetic Field Gradient in Reservoir Rock and Its Effects on NMR Response

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays a significant role in porous media analysis and petroleum exploration, but its response is significantly influenced by the internal magnetic field gradient in fluid saturated porous medium, which obviously limits the accuracy of rock core analysis and logging interpretation. The influential factors of the internal magnetic field gradient in formation and its influences on NMR response are studied in this paper, based on NMR mechanism through one- and two-dimensional core NMR experiments. The results indicate that the internal magnetic field gradient is positively correlated with the static magnetic field strength and the magnetic susceptibility difference between pore fluid and solid grains, while it presents negative correlation with pore radius. The internal magnetic field gradient produces an additional diffusion relaxation in hydrogen relaxation system and accelerates the attenuation of magnetization vector. As a result, T₂ spectrum shifts to the left and NMR porosity and diffusion coefficient of the fluid could be inaccurate. This research sets a foundation for the NMR porosity correction and fluid distribution on T₂-G maps based on the internal magnetic field gradient correction.     

Study of low concentrated ionic ferrrofluid stability in magnetic field by ultrasound spectroscopy

Ultrasound spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effect of magnetic field on particle (cluster) size distribution in ionic ferrofluid. The method applied is non-destructive, fast and sensitive to structural changes of a suspension as it is based on measurements of ultrasonic attenuation. Changes in the ultrasound attenuation induced by an external magnetic field have been measured for different frequencies of the acoustic wave. According to the Harker-Temple theory, the aggregation process has been analysed on the basis of the cluster size distribution determined for different magnetic field intensities.     

Nonlinear oscillation characteristics of magnetic microbubbles under acoustic and magnetic fields

Microbubbles loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MMBs) have attracted increasing interests in multimode imaging and drug/gene delivery and targeted therapy. However, the dynamic behaviors generated in diagnostic and therapeutic applications are not clear. In the present work, a novel theoretical model of a single MMB was developed, and the dynamic responses in an infinite viscous fluid were investigated under simultaneous exposure to magnetic and acoustic fields. The results showed that the amplitude reduces and the resonant frequency increases with the strength of the applied steady magnetic field and the susceptibility of the magnetic shell. However, the magnetic field has a limited influence on the oscillating. It is also noticed that the responses of MMB to a time-varying magnetic field is different from a steady magnetic field. The subharmonic components increase firstly and then decrease with the frequency of the magnetic field and the enhanced effect is related to the acoustic driving frequency. It is indicated that there may be a coupling interaction effect between the acoustic and magnetic fields.     

Effects of electron-hole correlation on ultrasonic attenuation in bismuth in strong magnetic fields

A theory is developed on giant quantum attenuation of ultrasound in bismuth. The present theory successfully explains the following experimental results in strong magnetic fields (H 100 kG): (i) When two attenuation peaks, the one due do electrons and the other due to holes, coincide as a function of magnetic field, the attenuation is exceptionally large at temperatures around 1 K and decreases rapidly with increasing temperatures; (ii) on the contrary, an isolated attenuation peak shows only a weak temperature dependence; (iii) the line shape of an isolated hole peak is highly asymmetric. The theory includes both intraband and interband impurity scatterings, acoustic phonon scattering, and takes account of Coulomb correlation effects via electron-electron, hole-hole and electron-hole two-body distribution functions. As a result, the electron-hole attractive correlation is found to play a crucial role in making the large attenuation mentioned in (i). For (ii), the electron-hole correlation is ineffective because of the large difference in Fermi velocities, and the acoustic phonon scattering is found to be important. Finally, the result (iii) is attributed to the small density of states of the reservoir Landau subbands in the strong magnetic field regime. The present theory assumes no phase transition to account for the result (i) in contrast to previous theories.     

Acoustic anomalies near phase transitions in manganite

The behavior of the velocities and attenuation of ultrasonic waves propagating in La_1?x Sr_xMnO₃ (x=0.175) manganite at frequencies of 700–800 MHz is studied in the temperature interval from 320 to 180 K, and the effect of magnetic field on the acoustic parameters is investigated. The transformation of acoustic modes in the vicinity of the magnetic phase transition is observed. The changes in the acoustic parameters near the structural and magnetic phase transitions are shown to be related to the strong spin-phonon and electron-phonon interactions.     

An acoustic switch

The benefits derived from the development of acoustic transistors which act as switches or amplifiers have been reported in the literature. Here we propose a model of acoustic switch. We theoretically demonstrate that the device works: the input signal is totally restored at the output when the switch is on whereas the output signal nulls when the switch is off. The switch, on or off, depends on a secondary acoustic field capable to manipulate the main acoustic field. The model relies on the attenuation effect of many oscillating bubbles on the main travelling wave in the liquid, as well as on the capacity of the secondary acoustic wave to move the bubbles. This model evidences the concept of acoustic switch (transistor) with 100% efficiency.     

套管中弯曲型Lamb波数值仿真和物理模拟*

低密度水泥在低压易漏复杂井固井中的广泛应用使得声阻抗类测井方法难以准确、有效的评价固井质量。基于套管中传播的弯曲型Lamb对套后介质的声学参数和胶结状况的敏感性,本文通过理论计算和实验测量研究了不同频率下弯曲型Lamb 波衰减与水泥声学性质的关系,较低的工作频率会使得不同水泥阻抗下的衰减动态变化范围降低,且对水泥环第一界面的窜槽厚度也有很高的灵敏度;利用套管外胶结流体和固体时衰减率的差异,还可较好的区分套管外声阻抗接近的流体和固体;但弯曲型Lamb波的同一个衰减率值可与两个水泥声阻抗值相对应,因此需通过建立弯曲型Lamb波的衰减与水泥声阻抗的图版以提高低密度水泥固井质量评价的可信度。本文的计算分析结果对进一步应用弯曲型Lamb评价低密度水泥具有指导意义。     

海底表层声场垂直衰减分析

声波在海底中的传播衰减规律是海洋声学中值得研究的课题。根据简正波理论推导了高声速海底表层声场垂直衰减系数的解析表达式,并给出了其理论上限。数值仿真与实验研究表明:对液态海底模型,海底表层声场垂直衰减系数与声波频率基本呈正比;对于特定频率,海水-海底声速比是影响垂直衰减系数的最主要因素,比值越小垂直衰减系数越大;对于斜率较大的楔形海底地形,且声源在深水区、接收点在浅水区的情形,垂直衰减系数会大大小于其理论上限。      

含少量气泡流体饱和孔隙介质中的弹性波

考虑孔隙流体中含有少量气泡,且气泡在声波作用下线性振动,研究声波在这种孔隙介质中的传播特性.本文先由流体质量守恒方程和孔隙度微分与流体压力微分的关系推导出了含有气泡形式的渗流连续性方程;在处理渗流连续性方程中的气体体积分数时间导数时,应用Commander气泡线性振动理论导出气体体积分数时间导数与流体压强时间导数的关系,进而得到了修正的Biot形式的渗流连续性方程;最后结合Biot动力学方程求得了含气泡形式的位移场方程,便可得到两类纵波及一类横波的声学特性.通过对快、慢纵波的频散、衰减及两类波引起的流体位移与固体位移关系的考察,发现少量气泡的存在对快纵波和慢纵波的传播特性影响较大.     

磁流变液构成的类梯度结构振动传递特性

提出了一种磁流变液构成的类梯度结构,并通过理论建模、数值计算和实验研究了该结构的振动传递特性.磁流变液在磁场作用下具有液固转换的特殊理化性质,而液固转换过程就是磁流变液的振动传递阻抗变化过程.因此,基于磁流变液的这一特性,通过控制磁场,构建了类梯度结构.基于弹性波传递的一维波动方程,建立了垂直入射的弹性波在类梯度结构中传递的波动方程.然后,使用连续介质的离散化方法和传递矩阵法进行求解,得到振级落差的表达式,对其进行数值计算,分析类梯度结构的振级落差随弹性波频率和磁场强度的变化趋势.最后,对类梯度结构的振动传递特性进行了实验研究,分析了磁场强度对类梯度结构振动传递特性的影响.研究结果表明,与均匀场作用的磁流变液相比,类梯度结构对弹性波的衰减效果更好,且该结构具备良好的可调控特性.     

Acoustic wave in a suspension of magnetic nanoparticle with sodium oleate coating

The ultrasonic propagation in the water-based magnetic fluid with doubled layered surfactant shell was studied. The measurements were carried out both in the presence as well as in the absence of the external magnetic field. The thickness of the surfactant shell was evaluated by comparing the mean size of magnetic grain extracted from magnetization curve with the mean hydrodynamic diameter obtained from differential centrifugal sedimentation method. The thickness of surfactant shell was used to estimate volume fraction of the particle aggregates consisted of magnetite grain and surfactant layer. From the ultrasonic velocity measurements in the absence of the applied magnetic field, the adiabatic compressibility of the particle aggregates was determined. In the external magnetic field, the magnetic fluid studied in this article becomes acoustically anisotropic, i.e., velocity and attenuation of the ultrasonic wave depend on the angle between the wave vector and the direction of the magnetic field. The results of the ultrasonic measurements in the external magnetic field were compared with the hydrodynamic theory of Ovchinnikov and Sokolov (velocity) and with the internal chain dynamics model of Shliomis, Mond and Morozov (attenuation).