Numerical solution of an extended White–Metzner model for eccentric Taylor–Couette flow

In this study, we have developed a new numerical approach to solve differential-type viscoelastic fluid models for a commonly used benchmark problem, namely, the steady Taylor—Couette flow between eccentric cylinders. The proposed numerical approach is special in that the nonlinear system of discretized algebraic flow equations is solved iteratively using a Newton–Krylov method along with an inverse-based incomplete lower-upper preconditioner. The numerical approach has been validated by solving the benchmark problem for the upper-convected Maxwell model at a large Deborah number. Excellent agreement with the numerical data reported in the literature has been found. In addition, a parameter study was performed for an extended White–Metzner model. A large eccentricity ratio was chosen for the cylinder system in order to allow flow recirculation to occur. We detected several interesting phenomena caused by the large eccentricity ratio of the cylinder system and by the viscoelastic nature of the fluid. Encouraged by the results of this study, we intend to investigate other polymeric fluids having a more complex microstructure in an eccentric annular flow field.     

标准有限元方法模拟大气压流注等离子体中数值振荡与伪扩散问题研究与改进

基于商用软件的等离子体数值模拟方案大多是基于标准Galerkin格式的有限元方法,在计算大气压流注放电时,存在数值振荡和伪扩散的问题,计算结果可靠性不高.针对针-板体流注放电结构,构建了修正的COMSOL Multiphysics等离子体模型.修正模型与COMSOL Multiphysics内置等离子体模块的区别主要在于增加了基于弱形式的人工稳定项.利用修正模型复现了经典的雪崩-流注转捩算例,并与经典纳秒秒冲过电压针板放电实验结果进行了对比验证.结果表明,引入修正后的商用软件模型能够克服数值振荡和伪扩散缺陷,确保等离子体数值计算的准确性和可复现性.      

轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性

 运用场匹配法和傅里叶级数理论,提出一种原则上可数值求解任意轴对称渐变型类周期慢波结构色散特性的方法。采用该方法编制了计算渐变型波纹波导和渐变型盘荷波导色散曲线的Matlab程序,详细分析并讨论了这两类典型渐变型类周期慢波结构的色散特性。数值计算结果与多维全电磁模拟软件模拟结果的数据吻合度较高,验证了该数值算法的可靠性。另外,该方法具有较强的普适性和扩展性,也可退化到任意轴对称周期慢波结构色散特性的求解,为慢波结构的设计提供一种简单有效的途径。     

自适应光学系统的数值模拟：动态控制过程和频率响应特性

对自适应光学系统的动态控制过程进行了数值模拟。与自动控制理论的解析分析相比,动态控制过程的数值模拟有其优越性。系统的频率响应特性与动态控制性能密切相关,对自适应光学系统的频率响应特性也进行了数值模拟。模拟计算的结果与实验测量结果符合得很好。还实现了多频率成份的同时计算,可以大大提高计算效率。其结果与单频率结果只在低频下有小的差别,可以满足得到带宽和裕量等参数的实用要求。将频率响应特性的模拟计算与长时间曝光斯特列耳（Strehl)比的数值模拟结合,可得到对自适应光学系统性能的有效评估。     

水陆两栖飞机静水面高速滑行性能数值计算与试验分析

针对水陆两栖飞机静水面高速滑行过程的运动响应大、流场强非线性等问题，提出了一种基于传统动网格技术的"状态预估——精确计算"的数值模拟方法:通过求解Reynolds平均N-S方程结合运动方程来模拟飞机静水面滑行时的流场特征和运动特性，数值模拟方法为隐式有限体积法，湍流模型采用k-ω（SST Menter）结合壁函数进行处理，自由液面捕捉采用VOF方法；数值计算时，首先采用粗网格对简化后的飞机在不同航速下的姿态和升沉进行快速预估，再将飞机置于预估状态下进行精确网格划分，最后进行精确数值计算分析.为了验证数值模拟结果的正确性，在物理水池中进行了静水拖曳试验，将数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析可得:数值计算与水池试验的流场特征吻合，且阻力、姿态和升沉的计算精度达到90%，验证了数值模拟方法的可行性.      

Coupled dynamics of a squeeze-film levitated mass and a vibrating piezoelectric disc: numerical analysis and experimental study

This work deals with the dynamics of a vibrating piezoelectric disc, which creates, under specific vibrating conditions, an air squeeze film that is able to levitate a freely suspended object.In such problems, the coupling effects between the various components affect the overall dynamical behaviour of the combined system. For complex systems, which combine elastic and electro-static effects together with compressible fluid effects, the coupled equations are often dealt with separately to avoid modelling and computational complexity. In this paper, the importance of handling such systems in a coupled manner is advocated by means of numerical and experimental examples. A coupled model is derived in this work making use of a concise numerical solver to allow for this investigation under several conditions. The piezoelectric part of the structure is modelled by finite elements while the squeeze film phenomenon is represented by means of finite-difference equations, to model a variant of the Reynolds equation. The numerical model was verified during each step in the development of the numerical algorithm and indeed showed good agreement with existing publications, but once the components were combined, it was found that several phenomena were misrepresented in the past due to the neglect of the coupling effects. Several physical insights are brought from the simulation and investigation of the numerical results. In the last part, the importance of coupled analysis is emphasized by introducing an experimental investigation of the dynamical behaviour while conducting a comparison with numerical simulation results. From this comparison, the limitations of state-of-the-art modelling procedures are clarified.     

尾翼型爆炸成型弹丸的数值模拟及实验研究

 在药型罩上粘附铝隔板是一种新的形成尾翼型爆炸成型弹丸（Explosively Formed Projectile,EFP）的实验方法。通过实验和数值模拟对该方法进行了分析,探讨了形成尾翼的机理。利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA,对大锥角型、球缺型和弧锥结合型3种不同药型罩在采用新方法时形成的尾翼型EFP进行了三维数值模拟分析,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比。研究结果表明：3种药型罩均能形成比较明显的尾翼,数值计算结果与实验结果较吻合。该研究为设计尾翼型EFP提供了一种新的参考方法。     

Numerical and Analytical Approaches to Modeling Critical Two-Phase Flow with Granular Layer

Based on data obtained in the previous experimental study conducted by the authors, two approaches are proposed for analytical and numerical modeling of a critical two-phase flow in a pipe with a granular layer. An analytical approach is based on a polytrophic model, while a numerical approach was developed using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. A model of isenthalpic flow of vapor–water mixture in a fixed bed of solid particles is considered is this study. The mixture expansion process is considered to be polytropic. Similarly to the known problem of gas dynamics of a granular bed, an analytical relationship for calculation of a critical mass velocity was obtained. The results of the calculation based on the analytical and numerical models were compared with the experimental data and agreement between analytical and numerical data and the experiment was observed.     

AN ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMER COMPOSED OF HORNS AND ITS APPLICATION

A new acoustic transformer was developed by connecting three horns to improve radiation performance in the frequency region below 500 Hz. The proposed acoustic transformer was evaluated by numerical analysis using the commercial computer program SYSNOISE and by experiment. The acoustic transformer is composed of three horns, one of which was used in an inverted form. A design model was developed by use of Webster's horn equation and showed that the transformer can improve radiation efficiency. This was confirmed by numerical calculation using SYSNOISE. An acoustic projector was designed by use of the developed transformer and a piezoelectric unimorph-type actuator. The sound pressure measured at the mouth of the constructed acoustic projector was compared with the sound pressures evaluated at the same location by numerical calculation to investigate the differences between the numerical simulation model and the actual acoustic projector. Sound pressures generated by several acoustic radiators were calculated numerically and compared with the measured and calculated sound pressures of the developed acoustic projector to evaluate the effects of use of the proposed acoustic transformer. The comparative evaluation shows that the proposed acoustic transformer can provide up to a 10 dB gain over use of a horn in the narrow band low-frequency region from 100 to 200 Hz.     

同轴周期慢波结构色散特性的通用数值解法

 运用场匹配法和傅里叶级数理论,提出一种原则上可数值求解任意同轴周期慢波结构色散特性的方法,给出了同轴慢波结构TM_0n模的色散方程。基于该方法,编制了Matlab程序,给出了同轴波纹波导和同轴双波纹波导色散特性,以算例形式分析计算了同轴盘荷波导的色散特性。数值计算结果与多维全电磁模拟软件结果进行比较,证明了该数值算法的准确性和可靠性。     

涡轮叶栅气热耦合数值方法与验证

应用三阶精度TVD格式和自由型曲面阿格技术,对涡轮内冷叶片进行气热耦合数值模拟.结合商用软件采用多种湍流模型计算方法的结果进行实验验证和对比分析,结果表明,商用软件采用传统湍流模型对温度边界层的模拟是不合理的,采用考虑转捩的湍流模型,调整转捩起始雷诺数,可以较好地模拟温度边界层的热传导.本文对非转捩区边界层温度的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

Johnson's SB Distribution Function as Applied in the Mathematical Representation of Particle Size Distributions. Part 2: Application of numerical results

The validity of the numerical results obtained in Part 1 is examined via some typical examples. The results indicate that the numerical results can be applied to the particle size distribution transformation within the practically tolerated error. On this basis an equation was derived to calculate analytically the mean diameters of a powder. The verification and application of this equation are demonstrated by a typical example. It is shown that the Hatch-Choate relationship used in the transformation of particle size distributions expressed by the log-normal distribution is only a special (extreme) case of the present numerical results. Although the numerical simulation cannot always provide a consistent transformation, this approach can greatly facilitate the application of the S_B distribution function in powder technology by simplifying the transformation between particle size distributions and the calculation of mean diameters.     

微穿孔板抑制不稳定燃烧的声学数值仿真

为了研究微穿孔板吸声结构对不稳定燃烧的抑制作用,采用高精度的计算气动声学(Computational Aeroacoustics,CAA)方法开展时域下的数值仿真。首先对带有压力时滞模型的三维声学扰动方程进行求解,给出发动机不稳定燃烧的频率信息。然后通过解析模型分析微穿孔板吸声结构的阻抗特性,并由多自由度宽频阻抗模型模拟微穿孔板对该不稳定频率的抑制作用。仿真捕捉到的不稳定燃烧频率与地面试车测得的频率相一致。表明采用的计算气动声学方法及相应模型可以准确地捕捉不稳定燃烧的频率信息,并分析微穿孔板对不稳定燃烧的抑制作用,对于工程上快速预测不稳定燃烧具有一定意义。      

折叠翼面展开过程中气动载荷特性数值模拟

针对某飞行器翼面高速展开过程,采用定常和非定常数值模拟两种不同方法,进行折叠翼面展开过程气动载荷分析研究,其中定常方法主要研究翼面从折叠到展开过程中不同展开角下外翼面的气动特性,分析展开角、来流参数对外翼面气动力的影响;非定常方法主要模拟折叠翼面展开角速度变化,从而获得典型工况下翼面展开过程的载荷情况,分析非定常效应对气动载荷的影响.研究发现,当翼面展开速度与来流速度相近时,则非定常效应不可忽略而必须采用非定常模拟方法.      

Visualization of snowdrift around buildings of an Antarctic base through numerical simulation

Abstract  

The removal of snowdrifts resulting from snowstorms is often a physically intensive work in Antarctica. Therefore, it is important to consider snowdrift around buildings in construction planning. In this study, we predicted snowdrift using a small experimental facility and existing numerical-analysis software that can be easily implemented. First, the snow cover around a cube model resulting from a snowstorm was calculated through numerical analysis. And the validity of numerical analysis was examined. To consider the effect of the form of a proposed Antarctic building on snowdrift, the snowdrift around buildings of an Antarctic base was then predicted by numerical analysis. As a result, it is thus expected that work involved in removing snowdrifts can be reduced through the appropriate design of curved-roof Antarctic buildings employing numerical analysis.     

A discussion on the magnetization calculation in polycrystalline antiferromagnetic system: Application to EuTiO3

In this work a numerical methodology is theoretically proposed to calculate the magnetization of a polycrystalline system, considering a microscopic Hamiltonian model, which describes a magnetic system consisting of two sublattices of different magnetic ions coupled by exchange interactions and with parallel and perpendicular direction of the magnetic field. The influence of changing the applied magnetic field direction on an antiferromagnetic system was systematically analyzed. The proposed numerical method was applied to the cubic perovskite EuTiO₃ and a good agreement with the experimental data was obtained.     

A novel mesh regeneration algorithm for 2D FEM simulations of flows with moving boundary

A novel mesh regeneration algorithm is proposed to maintain the mesh structure during a finite element simulation of flows with moving solid boundary. With the current algorithm, a new body-fitted mesh can be efficiently constructed by solving a set of Laplace equations developed to specify the displacements of individual mesh elements. These equations are subjected to specific boundary conditions determined by the instantaneous body motion and other flow boundary conditions. The proposed mesh regeneration algorithm has been implemented on an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework that employs an operator-splitting technique to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. The integrated numerical scheme was validated by the numerical results of four existing problems: a flow over a backward-facing step, a uniform flow over a fixed cylinder, the vortex-induced vibration of an elastic cylinder in uniformly incident flow, and a complementary problem that compares the transient drag coefficient for a cylinder impulsively set into motion to that measured on a fixed cylinder in a starting flow. Good agreement with the numerical or experimental data in the literature was obtained and new transient flow dynamics was revealed. The scheme performance is further examined with respect to the parameter employed in the mesh regeneration algorithm.     

高双折射Sagnac环透射特性的理论与实验研究

 采用传输矩阵分析法、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法研究了由光耦合器（OC）、偏振控制器（PC）和保偏光纤（PMF）组成的高双折射Sagnac干涉环的透射特性。理论分析了PMF特性和PC状态对输出特性的影响,并通过数值模拟得到了PMF长度、双折射率（Δn）和PC状态不同时所对应的透射光谱。最后通过实验验证得出了波长间隔只由PMF的长度和双折射率Δn决定,透射率大小只由PC状态决定,而透射谱的峰值位置由PMF和PC状态共同决定的规律。实验结果与理论分析结果非常一致,对Sagnac环透射规律的研究对这种可调谐滤波器在多波长光纤激光器中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器初步实验研究

 对一种同轴慢波结构相对论高功率微波产生器进行了初步的实验研究。利用数值模拟优化得到的结构,建立了实验装置。初步实验结果表明：该种器件具有微波产生效率高的优点,在实验系统并没有达到优化状态的情况下得到的微波转换效率达28%,峰值功率约为1.3 GW。微波频率基本不随二极管电压变化,约为7.7 GHz,这与文献中数值模拟给出的结果一致。     

基于Fluent的列管式换热器性能校核方法研究

结合数值模拟方法和叉排逆流式换热器的工程算法,针对航空用列管式换热器提出了一种性能校核方法。为获得更精确的叉排最大流速,采用Fluent对冷热侧流场进行了分析,并通过一组迭代估算了冷热侧的压差使出口压力边界条件得以确定。数值计算得到的冷热侧流速作为工程算法的输入条件进行后续计算。通过与试验对比发现,该方法可完成对列管式换热器的设计校核,计算结果与实验数据间的误差在工程应用允许范围内。