光致型形状记忆高分子材料

形状记忆高分子材料是当前的研究热点之一,其中光致型形状记忆高分子材料凭借其独特的优势受到研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了光致型形状记忆高分子材料的研究进展,分别介绍了该类材料的特性、分类、工作机理、应用研究和发展趋势。根据不同的形状记忆机理将该类材料分为光化学反应型和光热效应型,并重点对这两种类型的形状记忆高分子材料进行了描述。最后,对光致型形状记忆高分子材料的存在问题、发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

形状记忆高分子材料

作为一种新型的功能材料,形状记忆高分子不仅具有形变量大、赋形容易、形状恢复温度便于调整、加工方便的优点,而且种类丰富、质轻价廉.按形状记忆的方式,它可分为热致感应型、光致感应型和化学物质感应型等,能满足不同的应用需求.     

光致感应型形状记忆和形状改变高分子材料

光致形状记忆高分子材料是一类在室温、一定波长的光照条件下发生形变后,再次成型得到二次形状,通过另一波长光刺激手段的处理,又可使其发生形状回复,从而"记忆"初始形状的新型功能高分子材料。该类材料具有非接触性、瞬时性、精确性和清洁性等特点。这些独特的优点使得该类材料越来越受到研究者的关注。本文主要集中对近年来光诱导的形状记忆和形状改变高分子材料的研究现状进行简要的论述,重点是光化学反应型材料,如含肉桂酸基和偶氮苯基系列材料,分别介绍了这些材料的分类、特性、工作原理及潜在的应用。最后对光致型形状记忆高分子材料的存在问题、发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

智能高分子材料

本文介绍了形状记忆树脂、高分子凝胶、本征导电聚合物、高分子复合材料、高分子薄膜、超分子聚合物、液晶聚合物等智能高分子材料的一般概念及其应用的一些方面。     

形状记忆聚合物及其应用

形状记忆材料可对热、化学、机械、光、磁或电等外加刺激的触发作出响应,从而改变自身的技术参数。形状记忆聚合物作为一类重要的形状记忆材料,在航空航天、生物医学、电力电子、包装、智能控制系统等领域具有广泛的应用。分析了形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆机理,并介绍了几类常见的形状记忆聚合物及其在各领域中的应用,最后提出了形状记忆材料研究中的一些不足及解决措施。     

基于聚乳酸的可降解形状记忆高分子的研究进展

综述了基于聚乳酸的可生物降解的形状记忆高分子材料的研究情况。首先介绍了形状记忆高分子材料的记忆效应、记忆机理,然后讨论了基于聚乳酸的三种类型的形状记忆高分子材料：单组份的聚乳酸类、聚乳酸共聚物类以及聚乳酸与无机物的复合材料,分别介绍了各种类型的形状记忆高分子材料的形状记忆性能和生物降解性能。最后,讨论了聚乳酸类记忆材料的应用情况,并对其研究前景和发展趋势进行了展望。     

形状记忆高分子材料的新型共混制备方法

形状记忆高分子材料(shape memory polymers,SMPs)作为一种特点突出、性能优良的智能材料具有极高的研究和实用价值,受到各国研究人员的广泛关注,新的制备方法和材料体系不断涌现,显示出巨大的发展潜力.本文总结了近年来出现的以共混方式为基础的多种重要制备方法,包括聚合物与聚合物直接熔融共混、溶液共混、借助增容剂或交联剂进行共混、通过新型微层共挤出技术进行交替层状共混、以及利用静电纺丝技术进行三维网络结构共混等.相较于化学合成方法,这些共混方法具有操作简单、原料易得、制备效率高、产品性能调节方便、制备过程更为环保等优点,并且能够得到与化学合成方法性能相同甚至更好的产品,优势突出,是今后制备形状记忆高分子材料的一大趋势.本文从这些新型共混材料的制备过程、微观结构、形状记忆性能等角度详细分析了不同方法的特点和优势.这些近年来出现的共混制备方法对于形状记忆高分子材料的发展和未来应用将是至关重要的.     

光和温度刺激响应型材料

刺激响应型材料是一类在环境因素刺激下,自身的某些物理或化学性质发生相应变化的材料。刺激因素包括光、温度、pH、离子强度、电场和磁场等。本文综述了近年来光和温度刺激响应型材料的研究进展,主要从光响应型水凝胶和光致变色材料的结构类型及应用概述了光响应型材料的发展;同时从温度响应型水凝胶、热致形状记忆材料和热敏变色材料几方面介绍了温度响应型材料的研究进展及应用,并展望了光和温度刺激响应型材料在多学科领域的应用前景。     

热分析技术及其在高分子材料研究中的应用

简要介绍了热分析技术——热重法、差热分析、差示扫描量热法、热机械分析法和动态机械热分析法等及其在高分子材料领域的广泛应用。热分析技术的方法具有快速、方便等优点,在高分子材料的研究中发挥着重要作用。     

形状记忆的聚乳酸/聚碳酸亚丙酯共混材料的结构与性能——针对《高分子物理》理论教学难点的综合性实验设计

“结构、性能及分子运动”三者之间制约关系是高分子物理的核心内容,其中“分子运动”的知识最为抽象,是学生学习的难点内容。针对此问题,融入教师科研成果,设计了“形状记忆的聚乳酸/聚碳酸亚丙酯共混材料的结构与性能”综合实验。通过该实验,学生系统而具体的理解“结构与分子运动”、“分子运动与力学性能”、“分子运动与形状记忆功能”的知识,掌握热分析、扫描电镜、力学性能以及形状记忆功能的实验技术,体会高分子基础理论在创造新材料中的典型应用。     

热适性形状记忆聚合物

动态共价交联聚合物的研究具有悠久的历史,其早期的工作着眼于如何解决应力松弛带来的聚合物材料力学性能降低的问题.20世纪90年代以来,利用动态共价键来主动设计聚合物网络的特殊可适性逐渐成为研究主流,其中包括自修复和重加工性.然而,受到动态共价键的种类、通用性及所实现功能的特异性等限制,对于动态共价交联聚合物网络的研究尚停留在基础阶段.本文以本课题组近期在动态共价交联形状记忆聚合物的研究为基础,结合其他相关工作,展示了通用共价键(酯键及氨酯键)的动态可逆性,并利用其设计了具有特殊性能和潜在商业化价值的形状记忆聚合物.在此基础上,我们提出分子结构设计及宏观性能均不同于传统热塑性和热固性形状记忆聚合物的第3类形状记忆聚合物,即热适性形状记忆聚合物.     

双向形状记忆结晶聚合物及其复合材料的研究进展

形状记忆聚合物是一种典型的智能材料,具有质轻、形变量大、可对多种刺激进行响应等优点.根据形状记忆过程的可逆性进行分类,形状记忆效应可以分为2种:单向与双向形状记忆效应.与不可逆的单向形状记忆过程相比,双向形状记忆过程是可逆的,样品不需要使用者进行再次变形,就可以在原始形状与临时形状之间进行可逆转换,因此其具有极高的实用价值与广阔的应用前景,受到各国研究人员的广泛关注,成为当前的研究热点之一.本文总结了近年来所研究的双向形状记忆结晶聚合物及其复合材料,包括恒外力条件下(外力≠0)的准双向形状记忆结晶聚合物,无外力条件下的双向形状记忆结晶聚合物及其复合材料.具体来说,前者包括在恒外力作用下的化学或物理交联的结晶聚合物.后者包括双层或核-壳聚合物复合材料、由分步交联得到的双网络交联结晶聚合物、化学交联的双组分结晶聚合物、具有较宽熔融转变的化学交联结晶聚合物与物理交联的结晶聚合物.重点关注了这些材料的制备方法、影响因素及相应的双向形状记忆机理,并对其研究前景进行了展望.     

Shape memory polymer based on chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) containing a small number of water molecules

In this paper, shape memory polymers based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (SM-PVA) cross-linked with different contents of glutaraldehyde were prepared. Because PVA is a hydrophilic polymer, all samples prepared always have a small number of water molecules exposed to air, and the water molecules are helpful for shape memory characteristics. The influences of water contents on the prepared materials were investigated. The properties of SM-PVA were investigated by dynamic–mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Shape memory behavior of SM-PVA, depending on the switching of chain segments, occurred at around T _g. Thermo-mechanical cycle test was performed to investigate shape memory properties, including the percentage shape recovery, shape recovery ratio, and percentage shape fixity. The studied materials show promising shape memory and cyclic behavior indicative of potential applications of SM-PVA as shape memory materials.     

Shape memory behaviors of crosslinked copolymers containing stearyl acrylate

Shape memory polymers were prepared by copolymerizing stearyl acrylate and methyl acrylate. The principle of this shape memory effect is based on reversible order-disorder transition of crystalline aggregates of stearyl moieties. A specific feature of this type of shape memory copolymer is that the transition temperature at which the polymer abruptly becomes soft and deforms can be controlled by changing the monomer composition, which enables one to adjust the shape memory effect at a desired temperature. Mechanism and process of the shape memory behaviors were discussed.     

Triple shape memory effect of foamed natural Eucommia ulmoides gum/high‐density polyethylene composites

This paper proposes a new technique for the preparation of foamed Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) shape memory composites and establishes the relationship between structures and properties in foamed shape memory composites. Eucommia ulmoides gum/HDPE shape memory composites are designed to memorize 2 temporary shapes by exploiting the different melting points of the 2 phases; the triple shape memory effect in the composites is investigated via mechanical measurements, thermal analysis, and shape memory behavior analysis. The results show that HDPE phase enables the composites to effectively memorize the first temporary shape and EUG phase contributes the second temporary shape. When the ratios of EUG and HDPE were 80/20 and 70/ 30, the composite exhibited satisfactory shape memory behavior with favorable shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio, in addition to excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 15 MPa, tear strength above 51 KN/m, and foam porosity of about 11%).     

Facile fabrication of thermoplastic ternary copolymerized polyamide and maleated polyethylene shape memory blends

Novel thermoplastic shape memory blends of ternary copolymerized polyamide (PAM) and maleated polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) were prepared by a simple melt-blending method, which might provide a new way for the industrial production of thermoplastic shape memory materials. The new chemical bonds were generated between PAM and PE-g-MAH, which was essential for enhancement of properties. The mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of the blends were investigated in detail. It was found that the microstructure and proportion of different constituents was vital for the shape memory properties of the blends. In PAM/PE-g-MAH blends, a crystalline region of PAM acted as a fixed domain, and the crystalline region in PE-g-MAH acted as a reversible domain. The synergistic effect of the fixed and reversible domains determined the shape memory behavior of the blends. When the blend ratio of PAM/PE-g-MAH was 30/70, the composites exhibited the best shape memory properties, with a shape fixity ratio of 95.5% and a shape recovery ratio of 79.8%.     

Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymers and Composites Based on Polybenzoxazine Blends,Alloys and Copolymers

When dealing with smart polymers, in particular with shape memory polymers, the polymer type and composition specify the overall material properties and in particular the extent of the shape memory effect. Polybenzoxazines as a polymer with high potential for structural applications represent a promising component for materials with both shape memory effect and structurally interesting material properties. This minireview gives insight into how the shape memory effect, in particular the shape recovery event, is influenced by internal factors such as polymer structure, morphology and external factors such as filler addition.     

A Novel Method for Modification of SMPU by Micro-phase Separation Promoters

Shape memory polyurethane(SMPU)is a typical temperature-sensitive functional polymer having an excellent shape memory behavior1,which has been extensively studied since19882,10.B.K.Kim et al.3reported the effect of hard segment contents(HSC)and soft segment length(SSL)of SMPU on its modulus,hardness and recovery strain.They attributed these effects to its micro-phase separation of its soft segment and hard segment as well as its soft segment crystallization.F.K.Li et al.4found that high…     

反应共混制备光触发形状记忆聚合物材料

基于羧基和环氧基的高反应活性,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚与乙烯共聚物(PE-GMA),甲基丙烯酸与乙烯共聚物(EAA)为原料,采用熔融共混的方法制备了交联聚烯烃材料。 采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)研究了其热力学性能及其形状记忆效应。 结果表明,材料具备很宽的熔融温度范围(40~110 ℃)和很宽的晶体尺寸分布。 利用材料晶体温度记忆的特性,成功地实现了材料的双重形状记忆效应,多重形状记忆效应和双向形状记忆效应。 利用石墨烯材料的光热效应,研究了材料的光触发形状记忆效应。 我们提出设计材料本体“温度梯度”的策略,实现了材料在无外力条件下的双向形状记忆效应。