Sequential Determination of Inorganic Cations and Anions in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Microchip Electrophoresis

Analysis of inorganic ions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used mainly in the diagnostics of central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis. A new analytical method for fast determination of inorganic cations (ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium) and anions (chloride, sulfate, nitrite and nitrate) in CSF on an electrophoretic microchip was developed in this context. Zone electrophoresis (ZE) separations were performed on the microchip with coupled channels (CC) and contact conductivity detection. Two different propionate background electrolytes were used for the sequential determination of cations at pH 3.1 and anions at pH 4.3. ZE was used for the determination of cationic constituents while ZE–ZE approach was employed for the determination of chloride in the first separation channel on the CC microchip and other anionic micro-constituents in the second channel. LOD values were in the range of 0.003–0.012 mg L⁻¹ and 0.019–0.047 mg L⁻¹ for cations and anions, respectively. Repeatability of migration time was up to 1.2 % for both cations and anions. Repeatability of peak area ranged from 0.3 to 5.6 % for cations and from 0.6 to 6.0 % for anions. Recovery of both cations and anions was in the range 90–106 %. CSF samples were only diluted appropriately without other sample pretreatment prior to analysis. Developed sequential method is suitable for fast determination of the studied cations and anions in CSF with total analysis time <15 min.

     

毛细管区带电泳同时测定化妆品中的阴阳离子

Natural Sea Beauty系列化妆品富含来自Dead Sea水中的矿物质,对皮肤有较好的治疗和滋养作用.本文采用毛细管区带电泳的技术,电迁移双端进样,5 mmol/L咪唑-2 mmol/L硝酸为背景电解质,以富马酸调至pH 4.1,UV间接测定法(214nm),在6min内同时检测了化妆品中的阴阳离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、Br^-),与离子色谱法所得结果进行了对照.此方法可为鉴别不同品牌的化妆品提供一定的依据.     

茶叶中无机阴离子的毛细管电泳分离间接检测方法的研究

建立了毛细管电泳分离测定茶叶中Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-、F-及HPO24-的方法。通过研究分离电压、背景电解质和电渗流改性剂的浓度、pH的影响优化了分析条件。在优化条件下,6种无机阴离子在10min内得到完全分离,各组分迁移时间和峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.9%~4.7%和1.2%~3.8%,检出限为0.11~0.82 mg/L。通过分析实际样品并做加标回收实验验证了该方法的可行性,Cl-、NO3-、SO42-及HPO24-的回收率为93%~98%。     

Simultaneous Determination of Inorganic Cations and Anion in Medical Electrolytes by Capillary Electrophoresis

Abstract

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed in order to effect rapid, specific determination of potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Ions (4 cations, 1 anion) were measured continuously via shifting of samples from the inlet electrode to the outlet electrode; moreover, samples were subjected to indirect and direct ultraviolet (UV) techniques, respectively. For the measurement of cations, imidazole (5 mM) functioned as a UV absorber of indirect detection at 214 nm. Consequently, anions can be measured directly by UV at 214 nm. Separation times of cations and Cl^? anions were 10 min and 2 min, respectively; the detection limit of each ion (chloride, magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium) was 0.1 µmol/L. This approach is very simple; additionally, measurement time is extremely short. As a result, the proposed method is suitable for routine assay of electrolytes in pharmaceutical preparations.     

毛细管电泳电容耦合非接触电导检测-双端进样同时测定无机阴离子和阳离子

利用自研制的电容耦合非接触电导检测器，结合毛细管电泳技术，以2-N-吗啡啉乙磺酸(MES)／组氨酸(His)为缓冲溶液，采用双端进样方式，同时分离测定了5种阴离子和7种阳离子。考察了激发电压值、激发电压频率对检测的影响；缓冲溶液浓度及pH、进样操作对分离的影响。在最佳分离检测条件下，12种无机离子可在4min内完成测定。阳离子的检出限为0．2(Na^ )-3μmol／L(Mn^2 )；阴离子的检出限为0．5(SO4^2-)-4μmol／L(Br^-)；线性范围可达两个数量级。方法用于实际水样中阴离子和阳离子的测定。     

无机阴离子的毛细管电泳分析

本文研究了常见无机阴离子的毛细管电泳规律，考察了分离电压、电解质熔液组成、浓度、ｐＨ值等对分离的影响，建立了高效、快速的无机阴离子毛细管电泳分析方法。在选定的实验条件下，各种常见无机阴离子在５ｍｉｎ内达到完全分离，对Ｂｒ＾－和Ｃｌ＾－的分离柱效每米可达７６万理论板数。迁移时间的相对标准偏差小于１％，峰面积的相对标准偏差小于５％，各离子的最低检测浓度为０．０５￣０．５μｇ／ｍｌ。     

单柱阴离子色谱法同时测定无机阴离子、无机阳离子和有机酸的研究

自Small等首次采用双柱阴离子色谱法测定无机阴离子以来,单柱阴离子色谱法已被用于测定无机阴离子、有机酸,并利用金属阳离子与EDTA形成的阴离子配合物分离测定阳离子。但用单柱阴离子色谱法同时测定无机阴离子、无机阳离子和有机酸尚未见报道。本文采用EDTA为淋洗液的单柱阴离子色谱法研究了无机阴离子、无机阳离子和有机酸的同时分析测定。     

纯水中超痕量无机及有机阴离子的毛细管电泳法同时测定

以钼酸钠-十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(CTAH)缓冲液体系为背景电解质溶液,建立了纯水中超痕量无机和有机阴离子 (Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、F-、HCOO-、CH3COO-、C2O2-4)同时分析的毛细管电泳方法.考察了背景缓冲液组成对分离的影响,优化了进样方式和进样条件.在优化条件下,方法检出限为0.3 ～0.6 μg/L,RSD小于7%.采用所建立方法,实现了西安脉冲堆一回路水中6种阴离子的分析,分析结果相对标准偏差小于10%,加标回收率为82% ～120%.     

在柱双重富集毛细管电泳法测定卷烟样品中的无机阴离子

采用在柱阴离子选择性耗尽进样(ASEI)-碱堆积(BS)双重富集毛细管电泳法测定了卷烟样品中无机阴离子。毛细管先充满含0.4 mmol/L十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)的三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)缓冲液抑制电渗流;再以高差法引入水塞,吸附于毛细管壁的TTAB溶解到水中,使该段毛细管的zeta电势变负;电泳电源用负高压,电动进样时样品池中阴离子快速迁移并堆积在毛细管内缓冲液和水塞界面上,同时流向进样端的电渗流将水塞排出毛细管;接着电动注入NaOH溶液,快速迁移的OH-与来自缓冲液的Tris+形成低电导样品区,可进一步堆积样品带,还可使电动进样的时间延长。同常规电动进样相比,该双重富集法可达到(0.8~1.3)×105的富集倍数。用本方法测定了卷烟中6种无机阴离子,检出限低于6.2 ng/L。     

几种无机阳离子的毛细管电泳-电容耦合非接触电导分离检测

研制出电容耦合非接触电导检测器,检测器使用两个5 mm长的管状电极套在分离毛细管的外面,电极相距2 mm并与函数信号发生器连接。对影响检测器检测限和线性范围的激发频率、峰峰电压(V p-p )等因素进行了考察,结果发现频率为25～35 kHz、V p-p 在30 V时检测器有最佳的信号噪声比;以2-N-吗啡啉乙磺酸(MES)-组氨酸(His)为缓冲体系,用自制的检测器对Li+,Na+,K+,Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ 和Ba 2+ 等几种常见的无机离子进行了毛细管电泳分离检测,优化了缓冲溶液     

阴离子和阳离子的同时离子色谱分析法

本文就单独阴离子或阳离子交换柱，阴阳离子交换柱共用，包覆固定相和混合床固定相离子色谱法同时分析阴阳离子的特点及发展前景作了综述和简要评价。     

毛细管电泳对脑外伤脑脊髓液中兴奋性氨基酸的测定

用毛细管电泳分离测定了脑外伤脑脊髓液中的活性氨基酸，考察了进样方式、 缓冲液浓度、有机添加剂、氨基酸的衍生条件对脑脊髓液中微量活性氨基酸测定的 影响，最终在采用外加苯甲酸作为内标的优化电泳条件下，对活性氨基酸的检测限 低于1.7 * 10~(-7)mol/L，测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%。     

Determination of Phenols,Inorganic Anions,and Carboxylic Acids in Kraft Black Liquors by Capillary Electrophoresis

Two methods are presented for the quantitative capillary electrophoretic (CE) determination of phenolic lignin degradation compounds as well as of inorganic anions and organic acids in Kraft black liquors. Important phenolic lignin degradation compounds can be rapidly separated by co-electroosmotic CE after acidification of the liquors and subsequent extraction of the compounds with chloroform. A capillary electrophoretic separation of phenolic compounds is performed by using a phosphate/borate electrolyte system and UV detection at 214 nm. In addition, a HPLC method using a gradient with water, methanol, and acetic acid is also developed. Inorganic ions which are of importance to the pulping process can be determined by simply diluting the black liquors after sampling and subsequent analysis with a chromate electrolyte system and indirect UV detection at 185 nm. In addition, the concentration of low molecular aliphatic carboxylic acids can be determined simultaneously within the same run. By method optimization it is possible to separate the anions within one minute and, at the same time, to increase the resolution of the solutes. The electrolyte systems for the CE separations were optimized by varying the pH value and by adding organic solvents. Short separation times are obtained by adding a polycationic EOF modifier (hexadimethrine bromide) to the electrolyte which reverses the electroosmotic flow. A migration of the anionic analytes in the same direction as the electroosmotic flow is thus established.     

多分离模式液相色谱法同时分析阴、阳离子的研究

采用基于纳米聚合物-硅胶混合技术,同时具有反相、阴、阳离子交换的多分离模式色谱分离功能的Acclaim Trinity P1色谱柱,直接电导检测,建立了同时分析Li+,NH+4,K+,HCOO!,NO!2,Cl!,NO!3和Br!8种离子的分析方法。通过探讨淋洗液对离子保留的影响,优化得到实验条件如下:淋洗液:25 mmol/L乙酸钠+50%(V/V)乙腈,用冰醋酸调至pH 5.0;柱温:30℃;流速:0.50 mL/min;直接电导检测。8种阴阳离子(Li+,NH+4,K+,HCOO!,NO!2,Cl!,NO!3和Br!)能够同时被分离和检测。化肥样品经稀释溶解过滤后直接进样,结果表明,8种离子的线性范围为0.5~200 mg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.9997,相对标准偏差RSD(n=9)为1.3%~2.5%,检出限(S/N=3)在0.16~1.70 mg/L之间。将本方法用于化肥中阴阳离子的测定,加标回收率为95.8%~103.8%。     

双通道毛细管离子色谱法同时测定降水中阴、阳离子

采用离子色谱法测定降水中的阴阳离子。F–,Cl–,NO2–,NO3–,SO42–,PO43–6种阴离子的检出限在0.002~0.015 mg/L之间,Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+5种阳离子的检出限在0.010~0.025 mg/L之间。阴离子加标回收率在88.4%~109%之间,相对标准偏差小于5%;阳离子加标回收率在85.0%~112%之间,相对标准偏差小于7%。用离子色谱法测定降水中的阴阳离子,操作简单、快捷,灵敏度高。     

微芯片毛细管电泳法快速测定盐酸二甲双胍

提出用带有非接触电导检测的微芯片毛细管电泳法快速测定片剂中盐酸二甲双胍的含量。取盐酸二甲双胍片20片,剥除糖衣后混匀研细,称取0.100 0g,用水超声溶解、过滤,滤液定容至100mL供毛细管电泳分析。十字通道芯片使用前按规定进行清洗。试验中采用含5%(体积分数)乙醇和0.1mmol·L-1十二烷基磺酸钠的2.0mmol·L-1柠檬酸缓冲溶液作为分离介质,进时间为10.0s,分离电压为1.3kV,可在1min内实现分离和测定。盐酸二甲双胍的质量浓度在10.0~110.0mg·L-1范围内与相应峰高呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.0mg·L-1。应用此方法分析了3个片剂样品,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在94.5%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.63%~1.1%之间。     

双通道离子色谱法同步检测DOPO中的无机离子

以氯仿溶解9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO),离心取清液,自动进样器-双通道离子色谱法同步检测DOPO中的无机阴阳离子,采用自动进样器与双通道同步进行,大大缩短了分析时间,离子保留时间的相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)在0.07%～0.18%,峰面积的RSD(n=6)在0.43%～0.88%,重现性好。3种离子的平均回收率在94.87%～98.30%,结果令人满意。     

环境水样中无机阴离子的高效毛细管电泳分析

本工作着重研究了阳离子表面活性剂的种类、浓度、电解液的ｐＨ值等参数对高效毛细管电泳分离分析的影响。采用间接紫外分光光度检测法，在选择的最佳实验条件下，对环境水样中的Ｃｌ＾－离子和ＮＯ＾－３离子进行了分析。分析结果与用标准环境监测分析方法所测试的结果相比较，令人满意。     

化妆品中阴阳离子的快速测定及其用于化妆品鉴别的研究

用离子色谱电导检测器对黑泥类化妆品中的阴、阳离子(Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ ,Cl-,Br-,NO-2,NO-3和SO 2- 4)进行了测定。阳离子分离条件: 阳离子交换柱ICS C25,均苯四甲酸淋洗液浓度2.0 mmol/L ,流速0.6 mL/min ;阴离子分离条件: 阴离子交换柱Shim pack IC A1,淋洗液为2.5 mmol/L 邻苯二甲酸和2.4 mmol/L 三羟基氨基甲烷,流速1.0 mL/min 。结果表明,上述10种离子在较宽浓度范围内有良好     

Electrochemical Detection of Anions on an Electrophoresis Microchip with Integrated Silver Electrode

A poly(dimethylsiloxane)/glass hybrid microfluidic chip with integrated silver electrode is described for electrochemical detection of anions. The working electrode was directly fabricated on a glass slide and the chip formed by reversibly sealing of a PDMS slab with microchannels to the slide. Under an alkaline phosphate condition, thiocyanide and three halides were sensitively detected. Factors influencing the separation and detection procedure were discussed and optimized. Linear responses over two magnitudes were obtained with limit of detection at the micromolar level.