Generation of hydrogen by hydroreactive compositions with γ-irradiated aluminum

The kinetics of hydrogen generation by heterogeneous hydroreactive compositions with aluminum, which was preliminarily γ-irradiated in air, held in aqueous solutions at room temperature, and annealed at a high temperature, was studied. Changes in the hydrogen generation kinetics depending on the γ-radiation dose, the composition of aqueous solution, and the temperature are caused by the conversion of aluminum oxide coatings, which should be taken into account in the prediction of the corrosion resistance of structural materials under the conditions of exposures at nuclear power plants.     

Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Amoxicillin in Human Liver Microsomes by LC–ESI/MS

Amoxicillin (AMOX) metabolism in human liver microsomes was studied in vitro using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Amoxicillin was incubated with human liver microsomes along with NADPH, and the reaction mixture was analyzed by LC/MS to obtain the specific metabolic profile of the studied antibiotic drug. Positive electrospray ionization was employed as the ionization source. An ACE C18-column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm) was implemented with acetonitrile and water (+0.1 % formic acid) in isocratic mode as the mobile phase at the flow 0.4 mL min^?1. The chemical structures of metabolites were proposed on the basis of the accurate mass measurement of the protonated molecule as well as their main product. Six phase I and one phase II metabolites were detected and structurally described. The metabolism of AMOX occurred via oxidation, hydroxylation and oxidative deamination, as well as through combination of these reactions. Compound M7, with glucuronic acid was also observed as phase II metabolite. Neither sulfate nor glutathione conjugates were detected. This study presents novel information about the chemical structure of the potential AMOX metabolites and provides vital data for further pharmacokinetic and in vivo metabolism studies.     

In situ coating of microreactor inner wall with nickel nano-particles prepared by γ-irradiation in magnetic field

Nickel nano-particles were prepared by γ-irradiation technique and in situ coated on the inner wall of a microreactor using a magnetic field. The morphologies of the nickel nano-particles on the microreactor's wall were determined by optical microscope and atomic force microscopy.     

Isolation of Four Major Compounds of γ-Oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil by Ionic Liquids Modified High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Antimicrobial Activity and Neuroprotective Effect of Cycloartenyl Ferulate In Vitro

Chromatographia - This study presents an effective high-speed countercurrent chromatography method of two-phase solvent system combined with ionic liquids for the isolation and purification of four...     

Preparation and characterization of In2O3/ZnO heterostructured microbelts by sol–gel combined with electrospinning method

Long and thin In₂O₃/ZnO heterostructured microbelts were synthesized by sol–gel combined with electrospinning process. The as-prepared microbelts show the well defined one-dimensional belt structures with 1–5 μm in width and tens of millimeters in length. The polycrystalline microbelts calcined at 973 K for 1 h are still continuous and have the uniform rectangular cross sections and the thickness to width ratio is around 1:10. The crystalline phases of samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction and the morphology is examined using transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. In₂O₃/ZnO heterostructured microbelts exhibit the excellent visible photocatalytic property in the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO), and over 94 % of MO was degraded within 3 h.     

Detection of enantiomers of chiral primary amines by 1H NMR analysis via enamine formation with an enantiopure γ-position aldol product of a β-keto ester

A ¹H NMR analysis method that detects enantiomers of molecules bearing a primary amino group has been developed. The method uses a β-keto ester-derived probe that forms enamines with the amines and is able to discriminate enantiomers of functionalized amines and amines that have chiral centers at positions remote from the amine group.     

Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids and dipeptides by chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis based on Zn(II)-l-hydroxyproline complexes coordinating with γ-cyclodextrins

A chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLE-CE) method using Zn(II) as the central ion and l-4-hydroxyproline as the chiral ligand coordinating with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was developed for the enantioseparation of amino acids (AAs) and dipeptides. The effects of various separation parameters, including the pH of the running buffer, the ratio of Zn(II) to l-4-hydroxyproline, the concentration of complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) were systematically investigated. After optimization, it has been found that eight pairs of labeled AAs and six pairs of labeled dipeptides could be baseline-separated with a running electrolyte of 100.0 mM boric acid, 5.0 mM ammonium acetate, 3.0 mM Zn(II), 6.0 mM l-hydroxyproline and 4.0 mM γ-CD at pH 8.2. The quantitation of AAs and dipeptides was conducted and good linearity (r² ≥ 0.997) and favorable repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.6%) were obtained. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied in determining the enantiomeric purity of AAs and dipeptides. Meanwhile, the possible enantiorecognition mechanism based on the synergistic effect of chiral metal complexes and γ-CD was explored and discussed briefly.