Catalysis by amino acid-derived tetracoordinate complexes: enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes

Me(2)Zn and Et(2)Zn added to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of 3 mol % of 2. (S)-1-Phenylethanol (91% ee) and (S)-1-phenylpropanol (86% ee) were synthesized from benzaldehyde and (S)-1-furan-2-yl-1-propanol (86% ee) from 2-furaldehyde. Nonanal and 3-phenylpropanal provided (S)-3-undecanol (96% ee) and (S)-1-phenyl-3-pentanol (94% ee). A solid-phase variant was effective with reduced ee's (e.g., 86% ee --> 79% ee) for (S)-1-phenylpropanol.     

Radiation-resistant polypropylene improved by a compatibilizer

A compatibilizer is normally added to enhance the compatibility during blending of two polymers. Polypropylene (PP) has two degradations, during irradiation and also during storage after irradiation in radiation sterilization. A compatibilizer was added to PP to reduce these degradations. Compatibilizers, such as hydrogenated styrene (10 mol%)/butadiene rubber (CPB-2) and ethylene/propylene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride, were found to retard remarkably the above-mentioned degradations of PP. The compatibilizer concentration required for enhancing the radiation resistance of PP depends on the radiation resistance before addition of the compatibilizer. Poor radiation-resistant PP of a lower molecular weight (Melt flow index, 10) required a higher concentration, above 10% of CPB-2 to impart radiation resistance, but high-molecular-weight PP (Melt flow index, 1.0) and copolypropylene (CPP) with an ethylene content of 2.5% required CPB-2 of 5% and 10% to induce sufficient radiation resistance. Furthermore, CPB-2 was effective for improvement of transparency besides its contribution to radiation resistance of PP. The CPB-2 lead to lower crystallinity to retard the crystallization of PP and CPP and also may result in a mixed monoclinic and smectic structure giving radiation resistance.     

纳米碳酸钙/庚二酸复合成核剂对热致相分离法制备聚丙烯微孔膜的影响

以大豆油/邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为混合稀释剂,采用热致相分离法(TIPS)制备聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜.研究了纳米碳酸钙成核剂、纳米碳酸钙/庚二酸复合成核剂对PP/大豆油/DBP(30/42/28,质量比)混合体系中PP结晶、熔融性能和PP微孔膜微观结构的影响.结果表明,单一纳米碳酸钙成核剂加入量为PP的0%~4%(质量百分率)时,PP/DBP/大豆油体系中PP熔融曲线上对应的峰值温度(Tpm)降到150.7~151.3℃,而纯PP的熔融峰值温度为165℃;DSC实验结果还显示加入1%~4%纳米碳酸钙和0.5%庚二酸后,导致PP的熔融曲线上出现了熔融双峰,说明纳米碳酸钙/庚二酸复合成核剂与单一成核剂相比有明显地促进β晶生成的作用,宽角X射线衍射(WAXD)实验进一步证实了β晶的存在.单一纳米碳酸钙成核剂对PP微孔膜的球晶结构和微观孔结构影响不大;加入纳米碳酸钙/庚二酸复合成核剂明显影响PP微孔膜的球晶结构和微观孔结构,其中0.5%庚二酸和1%纳米碳酸钙组成的复合成核剂制得的PP微孔膜的球晶结构明显,微孔膜孔径小且分布均匀;进一步增加纳米碳酸钙用量,PP微孔膜生成了许多细小的边界模糊的不规则结晶,微孔膜孔径不规则且尺寸较大,这与此时PP形成β晶结构有关.     

Simple synthesis of beta-D-glycopyranosides using beta-glycosidase from almonds

Enzymatic glycosidation of twenty-one kinds of alcohols (n-hepanol, n-octanol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-phenylbutanol, 5-phenylpentanol, 6-phenylhexanol, furfury alcohol, 2-pyridinemethanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, p-methoxycinnamylalcohol) including secondary alcohols (isopropanol, cyclohexanol, 1-phenylethanol) and 1,omega-alkanediols (1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol), salicyl alcohol and 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) using beta-glucosidase from almonds stereoselectively gave the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides in moderate yield.     

Synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on crosslinked polystyrene microspheres and preliminary study on catalytic activity of supported metalloporphyrins

A novel method for immobilizing porphyrins as well as metalloporphyrins (MPs) on polymeric supports was found, and it is the way to synchronously synthesize and immobilize porphyrins on polymeric microspheres. By using 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA)‐bound crosslinked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres, pyrrole, and benzaldehyde in a solution as co‐reactants and through the Adler's reaction between solid–liquid phases, it was successfully realized to simultaneously synthesize and immobilize phenyl porphyrin (PP) on CPS microspheres, resulting in PP‐supported microspheres PP–CPS. With the same method, substituted PPs, 4‐chlorophenyl porphyrin (CPP) and 4‐nitrophenyl porphyrin (NPP), were also successfully immobilized on CPS microspheres by using substituted benzaldehydes, 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde and 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde, as one reactant in the solution, respectively, and other two porphyrin‐supported microspheres, CPP–CPS and NPP–CPS, were obtained. The effects of various factors on the process of synchronously synthesizing and immobilizing porphyrins on CPS microspheres were mainly studied. Further, the coordination reaction of cobalt salt with PP–CPS as well as CPP–CPS and NPP–CPS was conducted, forming three solid catalysts, CoPP–CPS, CoCPP–CPS, and CoNPP–CPS. The catalytic properties of these catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone by dioxygen were preliminarily examined. The experimental results indicate that the Adler's reaction between solid–liquid phases, namely the reaction between HBA‐bound CPS microspheres and pyrrole as well as free benzaldehyde or analogs in the solution can favorably be carried out. For this process, the fitting protonic acid catalyst is p‐nitrobenzoic acid and appropriate solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By comparison, the process of preparing CPP–CPS microspheres is easier to be carried out. The obtained three solid catalysts can effectively catalyze the oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone by dioxygen. In comparison, the catalytic activity of CoNPP–CPS is the highest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面包酵母催化水相合成手性2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯的研究

手性醇是合成众多手性药物的中间体[1],手性2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯(HPBE)是血管紧张肽-转化酶抑制剂普利系列的关键手性中间体,已有许多相关制备方法的报道[2,3]。利用微生物或酶将前手性α-氧代酯类化合物不对称还原为手性α-羟基酯类化合物是较有应用前景的方法之一[4,5]。由     

球形聚丙烯粒子固相接枝苯乙烯的研究

用负载型高效球形催化剂催化丙烯本体聚合获得了孔隙率较高的球形聚丙烯 (PP)粒子 .研究了苯乙烯在这种球形多孔PP粒子中的接枝聚合反应 ,考察了各种聚合条件对接枝率及接枝效率的影响 ,并用FTIR、DSC、GPC、粘度测定及偏光显微镜 (PLM)等方法表征了接枝聚合产物的结构和形态 .研究表明 ,球形PP粒子固相接枝苯乙烯不仅可达较高接枝率 (最高达 2 4 % )和接枝效率 (最高达 5 6 7% ) ,PS相区尺寸小、分布均匀 ,而且产物为形态规则的球形颗粒 ,有利于防止聚合物结块和粘壁 .但PP接枝PS后分子量有所下降 ,表明PP接枝PS的同时伴随着轻微的降解     

[C14MIM]Br离子液体对聚丙烯超临界CO2发泡性能的影响

本文对PP/[C₁₄MIM]Br体系的熔融过程和对CO₂的吸收, 以及[C₁₄MIM]Br在PP基体中的分散状态进行了研究, 并初步考察了[C₁₄MIM]Br对PP发泡性能的影响.     

(+)-Camphor-derived amino alcohols as ligands for the catalytic enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehydes

1,7,7-Trimethyl-3-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol 4 and its 2-phenyl, 2-methyl and 2-butyl analogs 5–7 were synthesized, characterized and used as ligands for the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehydes. Best results were attained with 5 mol% of amino alcohol trans-4 (2-exo,3-endo), in hexane/toluene at rt. Thus, (1S)-1-phenylpropanol was obtained in 96% yield and 89% e.e. An increase of the size of the 2-substituent had a dramatic effect on enantioselectivity and yield.     

Preparation and enhanced properties of poly(propylene)/ silica‐grafted‐hyperbranched polyester nanocomposites

A series of poly(propylene) silica‐grafted‐hyperbranched polyester nanocomposites by grafting the modified hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn? H20), possessing theoretically 50% end carboxylic groups and 50% end hydroxyl groups, which endcapped with octadecyl isocyanate (C19), onto the surface of SiO₂ particles (30 nm) through 3‐glycidoxy‐propyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) was prepared. The effect of silica‐grafted‐modified Boltorn? H20 on the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) was investigated by tensile and impact tests. The morphological structure of impact fracture surface and thermal behavior of the composites were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The melt viscosity of composites was investigated by melt flow index (MFI). The obtained results showed that: (1) the modified Boltorn? H20 was successfully grafted onto the SiO₂ surface confirmed by FT‐IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis; (2) the incorporation of silica‐grafted‐modified Boltorn? H20 (3–5 wt% SiO₂) greatly enhanced the notched impact strength as well the tensile strength of the composites; (3) the incorporation of silica‐grafted‐modified Boltorn? H20 had no influence on the melting temperature and crystallinity of PP phase; (4) the MFI of PP composites increased when the silica‐grafted‐modified Boltorn? H20 particles were added compared with PP/SiO₂ or PP/SiO₂‐GPTS composites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Critical exponent of the non-linear dielectric effect in the 3-phenylpropanol(1)-hexane system

The non-linear dielectric effect has been measured in the 3-phenylpropanol(1)-n-hexane system near the critical point. The critical exponent is lower than unity and depends strongly on the choice of the non-critical background.     

Henry reaction of fluorinated nitro compounds

The Henry (nitroaldol) reaction of fluorinated nitro compounds with various aromatic aldehydes and a fluorinated aliphatic aldehyde to give β-fluoro-β-nitroalcohols which bearing a fluorinated quaternary carbon center was reported. The relative configuration of the major diastereoisomer of 2-fluoro-2-nitro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenylpropanol (5bf) was determined by X-ray single crystal analysis.     

低乙烯含量共聚聚丙烯链结构和相结构与应力应变行为的关系

研究了两种典型的低温抗冲共聚聚丙烯(ICPP)的应力应变行为及温度依赖性,其低温应力应变行为揭示ICPP具有优异的低温抗冲性能和综合力学性能的结构本质.从初始弹性模量、屈服应力及断裂伸长随温度变化所显示的变化规律进一步确认了两种ICPP的序列结构特征和相结构特征.断裂伸长变化显示了乙丙橡胶相的增韧作用,屈服应力变化显示了分散相对基质结合紧密程度的影响,弹性模量则与基质的结晶状况和结晶形态有着比较密切的关系,同时也与乙丙橡胶相和聚丙烯基质的玻璃化转变温度密切相关.     

Preparation and structural characterization of ionic five-coordinate palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of the ligand tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine. Insertion of SnCl(2) into M-Cl bonds (M = Pd,Pt) and hydroformylation activity of the Pt-SnCl(3) systems

The five-coordinate palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes [M(PP(3))Cl]Cl [M = Pd (1), Pt (2)] (PP(3) = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine) were prepared by interaction of aqueous solutions of MCl(4)(2-) salts with PP(3) in CHCl(3). Complexes 1 and 2 undergo facile chloro substitution reactions with KCN in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios to afford complexes [M(PP(3))(CN)]Cl [M = Pt (3)] and [M(PP(3))(CN)](CN) [M = Pd (4), Pt (5)] possessing M-C bonds, both in solution and in the solid state. The reaction of 1 and 2 with SnCl(2) in CDCl(3) occurs with insertion of SnCl(2) into M-Cl bonds leading to the formation of [M(PP(3))(SnCl(3))](SnCl(3)) [M = Pd (6), M = Pt (7)]. The isolation as solids of complexes 6 and 7 by addition of SnCl(2) to the precursors requires the presence of PPh(3) which activates the cleavage of M-Cl bonds, favors the SnCl(2) insertion, and does not coordinate to M in any observable extent. Solutions of 6 in CDCl(3) undergo tin dichloride elimination in higher proportion than solutions of 7. The reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with SnPh(2)Cl(2) leads to [M(PP(3))Cl](2)[SnPh(2)Cl(4)] [M = Pd (8)]. Complexes 2, 5, 7, and 8 were shown by X-ray diffraction to contain distorted trigonal bipyramidal monocations [M(PP(3))X](+) [M = Pt, X = Cl(-) (2), X = CN(-) (5), X = SnCl(3)(-) (7); M = Pd, X = Cl(-) (8)], the central P atom of PP(3) being trans to X in axial position and the terminal P donors in the equatorial plane of the bipyramids. The "preformed" catalyst 7 showed a relatively high aldehyde selectivity compared to most of the platinum catalysts.     

Effects of Micelle on Pyrazoles as Antioxidants in Radical-induced Oxidation of DNA

Effects of 4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol(APP), 4-(1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol(BPP) and 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol(CPP) on 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride)(AAPH)-induced oxidation of DNA were measured in the presence of various concentrations of Triton X-100, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), or sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in order to clarify the influence of neutral, cationic and anionic microenvironments on antioxidant capacities of APP, BPP and CPP. Although these surfactants can protect DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation, the pyrazoles in the presence of these surfactants functioned as prooxidants when the concentrations of Triton X-100 and CTAB increased. However, CPP exhibited antioxidant property with the increase of the concentration of CTAB. On the contrary, APP, BPP and CPP were antioxidants in the presence of various concentrations of SDS. The added surfactants resulted in the complication of the microenvironments around DNA, pyrazoles and peroxyl radical(ROO^·) derived from AAPH. The anionic charge of SDS was beneficial to enhancing the antioxidant effectiveness of these pyrazoles. It can be concluded that the charge property of surfactants markedly influenced the behavior of an antioxidant in AAPH-induced oxidation of DNA.     

Potentiometric response and mechanism of anionic recognition of heterocalixarene-based ion selective electrodes

The ion selective electrode (ISE)-based potentiometric approach is shown to be an effective means of characterizing the anion recognition sites in the molecular receptor calix[2]pyridino[2]pyrrole (CPP). In particular, potentiometric pH-measurements involving the use of experimental PVC-membranes based on CPP revealed the existence of both mono- and diprotonated forms of the receptor under readily accessible conditions. Based on these analyses, apparent surface protonation constants for this heterocalixarene were found to lie between 8.5-8.9 (pK_B1) and 3.3-3.8 (pK_B2). CPP was found to interact with targeted anionic analytes based on both coulombic and hydrogen bond interactions, as inferred from varying the kinds of ionic sites present within the membrane phase. Potentiometric selectivity studies revealed that CPP preferred “Y-shaped” anions (e.g. acetate, lactate, benzoate) over spherical anions (e.g. fluoride and chloride), fluoride over chloride within the set of spherical anions, and the ortho-isomer over the corresponding meta- and para-isomers in the case of hydroxybenzoate (salicylate and congeners). In the context of this study, the advantages of potentiometric determinations of acetylsalicylic acid using optimized PVC-membranes based on CPP relative to more conventional PVC-membrane ISEs based on traditional anion exchanger were also demonstrated.     

(S)-和(R)-盐酸氟西汀的不对称合成

盐酸氟西汀是一种临床广泛使用的非三环类抗抑郁药, 本工作介绍了一种不对称合成(S)-和(R)-盐酸氟西汀的方法. 以自制的手性噁唑硼烷为催化剂, 将起始原料β-氯苯丙酮不对称催化氢化还原成(S)-或(R)-手性醇, 这一步的化学收率和光学收率都较高. 然后再经两步, (S)-和(R)-手性醇转化为(S)-和(R)-盐酸氟西汀. 整个工艺只需三步, 总收率为66.5%, 盐酸氟西汀对映体的ee值可达98.6%. 还考察了反应温度、溶剂、催化剂的量等因素对β-氯苯丙酮的不对称氢化还原的化学产率和光学收率的影响.     

聚丙烯多相体系中β晶的研究进展

综述了近年来聚丙烯(PP)基多相体系,如PP/弹性体(橡胶)、PP/聚乙烯(PE)、PP/对苯二甲酸乙二脂(PET)、PP/聚酰胺(PA)等共混体系和PP/CaCO3、PP/滑石粉、PP/蒙脱土(MMT)以及PP与其它无机物的复合体系中聚丙烯β晶的研究进展,阐述了在这些聚丙烯基共混和复合体系中影响聚丙烯β晶生成的因素、聚丙烯β晶的生成机理以及聚丙烯β晶对多相体系结构和性能的影响,并对富含β晶的聚丙烯(PP)基多相体系的研究和应用的发展趋势进行了展望。     

HDPE/PP共混物在振动剪切作用下的力学性能与形态控制

采用高剪切引起的相容与振动剪切保压方式控制共混物的形态,结果表明,当共混体系中HDPE/PP为92/8时的试样拉伸强度为97.1MPa,而80/20试样的缺口冲击强度为45.5kJ/m₂,较静态试样分别提高4.3倍和9.5倍.采用振动剪切注射技术可以针对某一组分获得高强度、高韧性的HDPE/PP共混制件.     

One-pot regioselective synthesis of chromanyl(phenyl)-lambda(3)-iodanes: tandem oxidative cyclization and lambda(3)-iodanation of 3-phenylpropanols

Reaction of 3-phenylpropanol with an activated iodosylbenzene-18-crown-6 complex [PhI(OH)BF4-18C6] in dichloromethane in the presence of BF3-Et2O afforded directly the 6-chromanyl(phenyl)-lambda3-iodane-18C6 complex through tandem oxidative intramolecular cyclization yielding chroman and its regioselective phenyl-lambda3-iodanation.