激光散斑相关性和位移的关系研究

用统计理论研究激光散斑的相关性与位移的关系,并对此关系进行了实验研究,理论和实验结果对于数字散斑相关测量具有一定的指导意义。     

全息干涉计量中干涉计量场的统计特性

本文运用统计学方法推导了全息干涉计量中散斑计量场的统计特性.证明了:干涉计量场的复振幅为复圆高斯随机变量;干扰计量场强度的概率密度服从负指数分布;散斑干涉计量场的系综平均值代表变形信息.     

固体折射率的激光散斑测量实验

根据透明固体的光学折射特性,对激光散斑法测量固体折射率遇到的关键问题进行分析讨论,搭建了近场散斑、远场散斑和像面散斑三种光学测量系统并进行了测量,即首先记录了固体折射前后的两幅散斑图,然后获得折射前后的微小面内偏移量,再根据理论公式计算出固体折射率。利用现有方法和改进方法,对厚度为3mm的固体玻璃折射率分别进行了传统全息和数字全息的实验对比研究。     

一类弱散射界面背向散射超声散斑一阶统计特性

对超声入射至分布有细小凹坑的界平面，这一类弱散射界面背向散射所形成的超声散斑的一阶统计特性进行了研究.在假设条件下，理论分析的结果表明，空间超声散斑的振幅服从Rice分布，而它们的相位概率密度函数是一个包含Gauss分布函数和Gauss概率积分函数的复合函数.当细孔密度非常大时，超声散斑的振幅就趋于Rayleigh分布.应用作者建立的由计算机控制扫描的实验系统，对这一类弱散射界面反射超声散斑的振幅分布进行了测量.实验结果表明，理论分析的结果是正确的，由此，所作的假设条件也是成立的. 关键词： 弱散射 超声散斑 统计特性     

象平面散斑场相位差的统计性质

运用弱散射体产生的部分显现散斑场相位差自由标准偏差的近似表达式,计算和分析了由单会聚透镜成象产生的象平面部分显现高斯散斑场相位差的自由统计性质.     

像面散斑平均尺寸对激光散斑成像的影响

以激光散斑衬比分析为基础的激光散斑成像技术,是一种无需扫描的全场光学成像方法,在监测生理及病理状态下组织血流动态变化中的应用日益广泛.在实际应用中,像面散斑平均尺寸等多种因素影响散斑衬比值,使得该技术在反映血流变化的准确性方面受到影响.采用一种成像散斑计算机模拟方法研究了像面散斑平均尺寸对成像散斑统计特性的影响,分析了成像参数与像面散斑尺寸的定量关系,并通过物理模型实验对模拟结果进行了验证.研究结果确认了合理的像面散斑平均尺寸计算公式,证实了散斑衬比值随像面散斑平均尺寸增大而减小的现象,并为确定合理的成像参数提供了依据.     

激光散斑的漂移现象以及数值模拟方法

当一束激光照射到粗糙表面上时会产生散斑.即使接收端保持静止,收集到的散斑图案依然会发生变化,看起来像是在“漂移”一样.我们的研究发现,此时散斑漂移的主要原因来自粗糙表面吸热膨胀导致反射光的相位变化,从而使得干涉图样发生变化.我们采集大量实验数据并且使用相关系数及其变化率对散斑的动态变化进行描述和分析.另外,我们还通过数值计算模拟了散斑漂移现象.     

激光偏振成像散斑统计特性和抑制方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

对激光偏振成像系统的散斑统计特性及其相应的散斑去除方法进行了理论和实验研究。运用穆勒矩阵法建立了该激光偏振成像系统散斑光强的概率分布模型。针对现代电荷耦合器件(CCD)的成像特点,通过比较散斑与像素的大小,将散斑分为两种情况进行研究,即小散斑和大散斑。得出散斑的归一化方差与像素成线性关系,均值不受像素的影响。进而提出了统一的散斑噪声概率模型,即改进的伽马分布模型。基于此模型,提出了改进的贝叶斯非局部滤波模型。通过处理真实的偏振图片,综合等效视数、边缘增强指数等指标,表明该算法比传统的散斑去除算法具有更好的散斑去除和边缘保持能力。     

激光散斑图样的光流场分析研究

提出了一种基于动态图像处理的新的电子散斑计量方法－光流场分析法，从新的角度出发讨论了运用图像序列分析的概念秋解决散斑图样测量的可行性和简便性。并且解决了当散斑图像不满足进行光流场分析的约束条件时的测量问题，即通过多通道的图像处理方法来改变图像连续特性，从而扩大了测量范围。     

地震预测与统计物理

将现代统计物理学的理论和方法应用于地震和地震预测问题的研究，近年来取得了长足的进展，成为物理学和地震学之间一个最为活跃的交叉领域，这一领域所取得的成果，例如，将地震作为一种临界现象的模型，不仅丰富和深化了对地震的认识，而且改变了地震预测研究中的一些传统观念。文章介绍了这方面的研究进展，讨论了与这一领域相关的一些重要的物理概念和悬而未决的科学问题。     

主动光学成象系统衬比传递特性及有效作用距离的分析

从传输介质对照明和成象光束衰减作用(吸收和散射)的分析入手,通过细致的定量分析,得出了主动系统(包括同轴和非同轴两架)成象材比传模型.这些模型都是将系统参数和衬比联系起来的明确的等式,而且还给出了精度较好的简化模型.这些模型可以为定量分析介质对成象的影响和有关系统设计提供有效而方便的理论工具.     

等厚条纹对比度与暗背景光学元件

本文讨论了影响等厚条纹对比度的原因，指出了暗背景光学元件的优点。     

索末菲球面波公式的协变形式及其在光纤理论中的应用

说明了球面行波的索末菲公式在坐标转动下不协变.证明了球面波的驻波表示是协变的,因而是一个物理的关系式,故适用于圆柱坐标中各类波动方程的定解问题.作为一个例,应用于光纤光学,导出了受导简正模和辐射模的表达式,以及各模式的强度分布 关键词： 索末菲公式 协变性 光纤光学 波导理论     

双参数变形玻色湮没算符高次幂的本征态及其量子统计性质

本文构造了双参数变形玻色湮没算符高次幂a^'k(k≥3)的k个正交归一木征态的数学结构,发现它们能构成一个完备的Hilbert空间,并且讨论了它们的量子统计性质.     

High pressure ‘cell’ model of compressed methane

Abstract

The Thomas-Fermi method is used to treat self-consistently a model of compressed methane. Two assumptions underlying the treatment are (i) the use of spherical averaging of the proton potential about the C atom in the methane molecule and (ii) the compressed spherical ‘cell’ model. Within this framework, the equilibrium bond length of CH₄ is calculated as a function of cell volume. The free space bond length given by this model is too large, and so results are presented for R_e/R_e(∞) versus cell volume. The volume is finally converted to an estimated pressure using an empirical equation of state. The relevance of the work to ices in planetary material is pointed out.     

Non-Lorentzian spectral functions for Coulomb quantum kinetics

Numerical solutions of the Kadanoff-Baym equations with self-energies in second Born approximation are presented for electrons in a bulk semiconductor. The results are used to analyze in detail the two-time spectral function .In particular, (I) the damping of the spectral function is investigated over a broad density range both, for low and high temperatures; (II), is compared to analytical expressions - an exponential and a recently proposed inverse hyperbolic cosine decay law; (III), the two analytical spectral functions are studied with respect to conservation of total energy, where for the inverse hyperbolic cosine an improved behavior is demonstrated. Received 7 August 1998     

Collective excitations of a periodic Bose condensate in the Wannier representation

We study the dispersion relation of the excitations of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a periodic optical potential and its Bloch oscillations in an accelerated frame. The problem is reduced to one-dimensionality through a renormalization of the s-wave scattering length and the solution of the Bogolubov-de Gennes equations is formulated in terms of the appropriate Wannier functions. Some exact properties of a periodic one-dimensional condensate are easily demonstrated: (i) the lowest band at positive energy refers to phase modulations of the condensate and has a linear dispersion relation near the Brillouin zone centre; (ii) the higher bands arise from the superposition of localized excitations with definite phase relationships; and (iii) the wavenumber-dependent current under a constant force in the semiclassical transport regime vanishes at the zone boundaries. Early results by Slater [Phys. Rev. 87, 807 (1952)] on a soluble problem in electron energy bands are used to specify the conditions under which the Wannier functions may be approximated by on-site tight-binding orbitals of harmonic-oscillator form. In this approximation the connections between the low-lying excitations in a lattice and those in a harmonic well are easily visualized. Analytic results are obtained in the tight-binding scheme and are illustrated with simple numerical calculations for the dispersion relation and semiclassical transport in the lowest energy band, at values of the system parameters which are relevant to experiment. Received 3 December 1999 and Received in final form 22 March 2000     

Collective excitations of a degenerate Fermi vapour in a magnetic trap

We evaluate the small-amplitude excitations of a spin-polarized vapour of Fermi atoms confined inside a harmonic trap. The dispersion law is obtained for the vapour in the collisional regime inside a spherical trap of frequency , with n the number of radial nodes and the orbital angular momentum. The low-energy excitations are also treated in the case of an axially symmetric harmonic confinement. The collisionless regime is discussed with main reference to a Landau-Boltzmann equation for the Wigner distribution function: this equation is solved within a variational approach allowing an account of non-linearities. A comparative discussion of the eigenmodes of oscillation for confined Fermi and Bose vapours is presented in an Appendix. Received 23 February 1999 and Received in final form 21 April 1999