基于动态加权的光电经纬仪交会方法

武器飞行试验中，初始段的弹道参数主要依靠光电经纬仪两站交会定位，平滑（滤波）求速获取。速度参数的精度高度依赖定位的精度。在现有定位模型的基础上，通过函数误差传递关系，推导了弹道参数的误差表达式。分析了误差来源和典型情况下的误差情况，提出了在不等精度经纬仪交会测量中，实时确定两台光电经纬仪在解算结果中的权重，动态改变权值的方法。仿真结果表明：在不等精度光电经纬仪交会定位情况卞，该方法能够提高两站定位的精度。     

导弹末区轨迹的单站定位测量

通过对导弹末区轨迹单站定位测量方法所采用的位置测量方程和速度加速度测量方程的推导,介绍了导弹末区轨迹的单站定位测量原理。系统误差分析结果表明,影响导弹末区轨迹测量精度的主要因素是测量设备的方位角和俯仰角测量误差,而不是通常认为的激光测距误差。通过单站定位测量法与多站交会测量法之间的性能比较,论述了单站定位测量法的技术优势。     

移测显微镜十字叉丝定向器的研制和应用

分析了移测显微镜十字叉丝竖线与测量运动方向的不垂直度对测量精度的影响,设计了2种移测显微镜十字叉丝定向器.用移测显微镜十字叉丝定向器精确调节十字叉丝竖线与测量运动方向的不垂直度,可以提高移测显微镜的测量精度,利用劈尖干涉原理制成的劈尖式移测显微镜十字叉丝定向器,因其干涉直条纹的粗细和疏密可以调节,使得十字叉丝定向调节效果更好,因而更有利于提高移测显微镜的测量精度.     

基于线阵CCD的二维基准大视场传递方法研究

为实现快速定位定向的要求,利用线阵CCD测量方法,设计了二维基准传递系统,实现北斗定向信息实时传递功能。该系统由北斗定向天线、光源模块和光学测量模块等组成,采用N型目标光源和线阵CCD拼接技术,实现二维基准信息的快速精确传递。利用构建的二维基准传递系统设计精度验证实验,实验结果表明,在测量距离8 m条件下,该系统测角范围为1.5,测量精度在5以内。该方法为实现二维定向基准的大视场传递提供了一种有效的技术解决措施。     

基于坐标转换的数字天顶仪定向方法

为了提高仪器的工作效率,在数字天顶仪定位的基础上开展了定向方法的研究,构建了识别星点的坐标转换模型.从坐标转换模型出发,分析了仪器倾斜及光轴倾斜等因素对恒星像点图像坐标的影响,研究了焦距值及光轴指向的天文坐标对恒星理论坐标的影响,并在坐标转换的基础上建立了定向模型.试验结果表明,单组星图的定向精度均在5″以内,定向精度较高,能够满足实际条件下对定向精度的要求.     

车载光学测速仪/惯性组合导航定位定向系统研究

车载定位定向技术是指车上导航系统在载车行驶过程中精确确定其所在位置的地理坐标、北向方位及姿态角,为陆基导弹等武器的机动发射提供参考基准。对惯性定位定向系统的各种误差(包括陀螺和加表的随机漂移)进行误差分析建模,将光学测速仪的速度作为观测量,利用卡尔曼滤波技术,估计补偿惯性定位定向系统的各种误差,包括位置、速度、姿态和航向以及惯性器件误差等,最终实现系统的高精度组合导航。对山区泥石路和高原泥石路跑车试验结果进行统计分析发现,组合导航精度在15m以内,满足炮兵车陆基导弹等武器机动发射的使用需求。     

基于最小损失函数法进行三视场天文定位定向的误差分析

研究了基于最小损失函数法的三视场定位定向中各个误差源对定位定向准确度的影响.给出了基于最小损失函数进行三视场天文定位定向的数学模型,结合模型归纳了定位定向的误差源及其特性,分析了误差源对定位定向信息对的影响.最后,建立了定位定向误差仿真模型,并利用蒙特卡罗法进行误差仿真分析.仿真结果表明系统的定位准确度为88.1m,定向准确度为3.0″.分析指出定位定向主要的误差源是水平测量误差,其次是垂线偏差数据误差.野外实验表明,该系统的定位准确度为163.0m,定向准确度为3.5″,水平测倾角的误差对定位定向结果的影响较大.     

基于激光测速仪的高精度定位定向技术

基于激光测速仪的工作原理、测量特性,结合惯性导航系统的工作特点,提出一种实现车体自主高精度定位定向的组合方法。推导了用于车载组合定位定向的三波束激光测速仪误差模型,结合捷联惯导误差模型,选取了组合卡尔曼滤波器状态量,并推导了组合导航量测模型。最后针对这种基于激光测速仪的组合定位定向方法进行了仿真计算,列出了相关计算结果,仿真结果验证了这种方法的正确性。     

基于线切割机加工硅分光晶体的研究

单晶硅分光晶体作为同步辐射光源光束线单色器中常用的部件,由于它对加工精度的要求越来越高,所以减小加工过程中产生的残余应变显得尤为重要。介绍了线切割机加工单晶硅晶体的主要过程,包括晶体定向的原理,线切割机加工硅分光晶体的方法,检测加工表面的粗糙度和面形。此外还利用上海光源BL14B线站测量了它的摇摆曲线,其结果满足设计要求。     

对固定平台红外单站被动定位技术研究

介绍了一种基于红外成像和序列图像处理技术的对固定平台红外单站被动定位新算法.该算法通过对红外成像目标的实时测量信息求解出目标相对测量基站的距离,它适用于匀速、匀加速和变加速等各种运动模型,具有定位精度高、体积小和便于机动的特点.该算法对可见光成像单站被动定位同样有效.     

A structure created by intersecting ϵ martensite variant plates in a high-manganese steel

Microstructural evidence for a new intersection structure, which has been observed in grains oriented to near ?101? in a polycrystalline Fe–30Mn–4Si–2Al TRIP/TWIP steel, was obtained by combined use of electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the responsible intersection mechanisms are discussed from crystallographic and thermodynamic viewpoints. A γ phase with the orientation 90° rotated from the matrix with respect to the intersection axis is produced at the intersection of two dense ? plates, whereas the twinning of the obstacle ? plate occurs when the incident plate is a fine γ/? lamella or a stacking fault bundle. The results are compared with various structures reported previously, and the wide variation of the intersection reactions is interpreted by their dependence on thermodynamic stability of the phases, grain orientation and shear amount.     

合成孔径雷达图像反演海面风向新方法的研究

提出了利用基于Tikhonov正则化的二维数值微分方法来反演合成孔径雷达图像海面风向的新方法. 首先将高分辨率合成孔径雷达图像去噪、降采样并分割成数个子图像,利用基于Tikhonov正则化的二维数值微分方法求解所关注子图像每一个点的梯度方向,在此基础上通过带有距离权重的目标函数确定子图像整体强度的梯度方向,该梯度的垂线方向就是所要求解的风向,然后进行模拟试验,在添加误差为10%的随机扰动情况下,分别基于Tikhonov正则化的二维数值微分方法与基于有限差分的Sobel算子方法来反演风向,结果表明,前者误差为0.7293°,后者误差为13.5069°,最后进行了实例试验,结果显示,Sobel算子方法的部分风向反演结果偏离整体风向明显,而基于Tikhonov正则化的二维数值微分方法的风向反演结果一致性较好. 将三个船舶报风向与相应位置合成孔径雷达图像的海面风向反演结果进行对比,Sobel算子方法的风向反演结果平均误差在9.0331°,而基于Tikhonov正则化的二维数值微分方法的风向反演结果平均误差仅为1.1148°. 关键词： 合成孔径雷达 海面风向 数值微分 Sobel算子     

Heteroepitaxy of GexSi1 ? x (x ～ 0.4–0.5) films on Si(001) substrates misoriented to (111): Formation of short edge misfit dislocations alone in the misorientation direction

Relaxation of mechanical misfit stresses in Ge _x Si_{1 − x} (x ∼ 0.4–0.5) epitaxial films grown by molecular epitaxy on Si substrates misoriented from the exact orientation (001) by an angle of 6° has been studied. Possible cases of induced nucleation and interaction of 60° misfit dislocations (MDs) propagating in the misorientation direction with the formation of short edge MD segments are considered. Such configurations are classified and their various forms experimentally detected by TEM are presented. It is shown that short edge MDs are formed by two different mechanisms: (A) correlated or induced nucleation of a complementary 60° dislocation half-loop followed by the formation of an edge dislocation segment; and (B) the formation of a 90° MD segment upon intersection of the already existing complementary 60° MDs gliding in oppositely inclined {111} planes. The nonequivalency of the interaction of 60° MDs propagating in opposite directions along the substrate misorientation is shown.     

不同光线入射角度下超声速湍流边界层气动光学效应的实验研究

利用基于纳米粒子的平面激光散射技术获取超声速(Ma=3.0)湍流边界层的密度分布,采用光线追迹方法计算其对应的光程差分布,并结合边界层气动光学相似律验证实验结果的可靠性.着重研究了光线入射角度对超声速湍流边界层气动光学效应的影响,并对其内在机理进行了分析.研究表明,气动光学效应对光线入射角度的依赖性源于光线在流场中的传输路径,传输路径的不同导致了光线在流场中的传输距离以及对应密度脉动互相关结果的差异.光线倾斜入射导致其在流场中传输距离增长,进而气动光学效应出现恶化.光线入射方向与壁面垂直方向之间的夹角越大,气动光学效应越显著,而且不同时刻的差异性增加,气动光学效应校正的难度增加.超声速湍流边界层中大量具有特定方向的涡结构导致了湍流边界层气动光学效应的各向异性.当光线倾斜向下游入射时,光线传播方向与流场中的涡结构具有较好的一致性,体现为此方向上密度脉动互相关系数较大,故气动光学效应比较严重.而当光线倾斜向上游入射时,相关系数较小,故气动光学效应较弱.     

合成孔径雷达资料反演海面风场的正则化方法研究

针对基于散射计地球物理模型函数的合成孔径雷达资料反演海面风场中背景风向存在很大误差的问题,提出了利用正则化方法反演海面风场,并通过L曲线准则对正则化参数进行最优选择,然后对该方法进行仿真试验.试验结果显示,正则化方法反演海面风场的风速和风向的反演精度均优于变分同化方法,分析不同真实风向情况下的反演精度表明,真实风向在45°和135°附近时,风速反演的精度高,真实风向在0°和90°时,风向反演的精度高,这种现象与地球物理模型函数中后向散射截面相对于风向的导数相关. 关键词： 合成孔径雷达 正则化 L曲线准则 变分同化     

Orientation of chemisorbed species from orthogonal-plane arups: Tilted CO on Pt{110} and upright CO on Pt{111}.

Angle-resolved photoemission spectra obtained with electron collection in the plane orthogonal to the incidence plane, using a He II photon source, are used to provide an accurate measure of the orientation of chemisorbed diatomic molecules. As previously established, CO in the Pt{111}c(4 × 2) structure is found to be chemisorbed in an upright configuration, whereas in the Pt{110}(2 × 1) p1g1 structure the CO molecular axis is tilted 26 ± 2° away from the surface normal, in a direction between [211] and [433].     

Microstructural Evolution and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene by Shear Plastic Deformation at Elevated Temperatures

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was plastically shear deformed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at extrusion temperatures varied from 45 to 125°C (25 mm/min). The evolutions of morphology and crystal orientation were studied by reflected optical microscopy (ROM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the original spherulites were deformed into nearly ellipsoids with their long axis tilted at an angle away from the flow direction. Azimuthal scanning results revealed that two preferred crystal orientations were formed after ECAE. The crystal plasticity was activated by increasing the extrusion temperature, followed by fast rotation of crystallites toward the shear direction. The thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) indicated that low extrusion temperature was favorable to fix the molecular orientation. The iPP samples processed at the investigated temperatures displayed a significant increase in the impact strength, especially for those extruded at 45°C and 65°C. The tensile results revealed a greater elongation at break in the samples deformed at low temperatures (45°C and 65°C) but not in those deformed at high temperatures (85°C or above).     

激光雷达精确修正对流层目标定位误差

提出了一种利用纯转动拉曼激光雷达修正对流层目标定位误差的方法,其基本思想是通过接收氮气和氧气的纯转动拉曼回波信号反演大气折射率垂直廓线,根据目标定位误差理论修正不同高度处目标物的总折射角和高度定位修正值.结果表明：通过纯转动拉曼激光雷达反演大气折射率廓线,可较好修正目标定位误差.计算定位误差时得出相同高度处目标物的总折射角和高度定位修正值随视仰角的增加而减小.当视仰角为10°时,位于8 km高度处的目标物总偏折角可达3.15′,高度定位修正值为14.55 m.当视仰角为30°时,相同高度处目标物总偏折角仅 关键词： 激光雷达 定位误差 大气折射指数 大气温度     

Anisotropy of x-rays and spin depencence of the photoabsorption of circularly polarized soft x-rays in magnetized Fe

Measurements were performed on the angular distribution of x-rays following internal conversion in the decay of^191mIr oriented at low temperatures. The anisotropies of a series of L x-rays observed at 30° with respect to the orientation direction are in agreement with theoretical calculations. No anisotropy was observed for the K x-rays within the present experimental accuracy of 10^?3. The high degree of circular polarization of the L and K x-rays was used to study the spin dependence of the photoabsorption in magnetized Fe.     

Apparent directional spectral emissivity determination of semitransparent materials

An inverse estimation method and corresponding measurement system are developed to measure the apparent spectral directional emissivities of semitransparent materials. The normal spectral emissivity and transmissivity serve as input for the inverse analysis. Consequently, the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the semitransparent material could be retrieved by using the pseudo source adding method as the forward method and the stochastic particle swarm optimization algorithm as the inverse method. Finally, the arbitrary apparent spectral directional emissivity of semitransparent material is estimated by using the pseudo source adding method given the retrieval refractive index and absorption coefficient. The present system has the advantage of a simple experimental structure, high accuracy, and excellent capability to measure the emissivity in an arbitrary direction. Furthermore, the apparent spectral directional emissivity of sapphire at 773 K is measured by using this system in a spectral range of 3 μm–12 μm and a viewing range of 0?–90?. The present method paves the way for a new directional spectral emissivity measurement strategy.