Reactions of 1,1-diacetylcyclopropane over a palladium catalyst

Conclusions 1,1-Diacetylcyclopropane, in the vapor phase over 5% Pd/C modified by DMSO, undergoes conversion to 2-methyl-3-acetylfuran and 3-ethylpentane-2,4-dione.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1663–1664, July, 1984.     

Role of palladium additives in CO oxidation over a complex vanadium catalyst

At small concentrations of CO, palladium initiates a radical-chain process. At high CO concentrations CO oxidation occurs only on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst and the effect of palladium is mainly due to the specific activation of carbon monoxide on the palladium surface.

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CO . CO .

     

Effect of the substituent position on the enantioselective hydrogenation of methoxy-substituted 2,3-diphenylpropenoic acids over palladium catalyst

The enantioselective hydrogenation of mono and dimethoxy-substituted 2,3-diphenylpropenoic acids has been studied over cinchonidine modified supported Pd catalyst. The hydrogenation of the six monosubstituted methoxy derivatives of (E)-2,3-diphenylpropenoic acid showed that the position of the substituent has a decisive influence on the initial reaction rate and the enantioselectivity. High enantioselectivities, 86–90%, were obtained in the hydrogenation of mono-substituted derivatives with a favourable substituent position. The results were rationalized in terms of either the electronic or the steric effects of the methoxy substituent determined by its position. These suggestions were also applicable in interpreting the results obtained in the hydrogenation of substituted (Z)-2,3-diphenylpropenoic acids and selected dimethoxy (E)-2,3-diphenylpropenoic acids. The combined steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the α- and β-phenyl rings ensured the highest enantioselectivities, up to 92% ee, in the hydrogenation of (E)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid.     

Hydrogenolysis of difurylethane on a palladium catalyst

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -     

Effect of acid strength distribution on conversion of FCC gasoline over a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst

Summary Acid strength distribution and the distribution of aromatics formed in the FCC gasoline conversion reaction on a ZSM-5 zeolite with different Na contents have been studied. With increasing Na content in the ZSM-5 zeolite, the acid sites determined by NH₃-TPD technique, especially the strong acid sites, clearly decrease. When used as catalyst for the aromatization reaction, the transformation of olefins in the FCC gasoline into aromatics is governed directly by the strong acid sites on the ZSM-5 catalyst. Only under the conditions that a ZSM-5 catalyst possesses suitable strong acid sites is reaction temperature favorable for the aromatics formed.     

The effect of the substrate structure on the stereoselectivity in an asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated carboxylic acids over cinchonidine-modified palladium catalyst

An enantiomeric ratio of 10:1 (82% ee) was achieved for the first time in the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated acids with heterogeneous catalysts by designing the substrate structure to enhance the interaction with the catalyst, and to increase the intrinsic stereoselectivity.     

Catalytic activity of iron hydroxides and manganese hydroxides in the deoxygenation of water

Catalysts prepared by the modification of FIBAN K-4 and FIBAN X-1 fibrous ion exchangers with the hydroxides of iron and manganese were developed and tested in a water deoxygenation process. It was established that the samples obtained by the supporting of Fe(III) hydroxide onto the FIBAN X-1 ampholyte were most effective. The conclusion that the high activity of the catalytic system is caused by the formation of a mixed phase of Fe(II) and Fe(III) hydroxides of the spinel type containing mobile (weakly bound) lattice oxygen was made. A reaction scheme was proposed to explain the reaction mechanism.     

MFI分子筛限域空间内Pd催化剂上甲烷燃烧

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,其开发利用过程中不完全燃烧所残留的气体排放到大气中会造成严重的环境问题,因此提高甲烷燃烧效率显得尤为重要.与传统燃烧方式相比,催化燃烧在低温区表现出高的燃烧效率,成为甲烷燃烧理想的选择.在实际应用时,甲烷燃烧催化剂应在低温区具备高的催化活性,同时在过量水蒸气存在下具备好的稳定性.负载型Pd基催化剂是当前研究最多的甲烷燃烧催化剂,Pd粒子尺寸、载体类型、酸性位点以及金属与载体的相互作用是影响甲烷燃烧活性与稳定性的关键因素.本文设计了原位水热合成路线将孤立的Pd离子稳定封装于MFI分子筛孔道内(Pd@MFI),以期获得高活性、高稳定性的甲烷燃烧催化剂,并揭示其反应机理与构效关系.通过X射线粉末衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜以及球差校正扫描透射电子显微镜分析了Pd@MFI催化剂的基本结构,并直接观测了Pd物种在分子筛晶体中的分布;进而利用氨气程序升温脱附、固体核磁共振、氢气程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和CO吸附红外光谱等表征技术研究了催化剂的酸性以及Pd在分子筛中的存在状态.表征结果证实,通过原位水热合成方法可将Pd物种以pd2+和Pd(OH)+的形式封装在MFI分子筛孔道内,孤立的Pd离子与分子筛骨架之间存在着强相互作用,有效稳定Pd离子并实现贵金属Pd的最大化利用.在甲烷燃烧反应中,Pd@H-ZSM-5在高空速下表现出较好的催化活性与较低的表观活化能(70.7 kJ/mol).热稳定性及耐水性测试结果表明,Pd@H-ZSM-5在400℃下连续反应100 h后甲烷燃烧活性无明显下降,且反应后Pd物种在分子筛孔道内仍保持高度分散,说明该催化剂在甲烷燃烧过程中具备优异的稳定性和抗烧结性能.通过反应动力学、程序升温脱附以及原位红外光谱等技术手段研究了甲烷催化氧化机理,结果表明,Brφnsted酸性位点的存在有利于甲烷吸附并促进其在相邻Pd位点上活化,在MFI分子筛限域空间内形成Pd位点和Brφnsted酸性位点的有效协同.原位近常压XPS分析结果表明,Pd@H-ZSM-5催化的甲烷燃烧过程中存在着pd2+-pdn+-pd2+的可逆氧化还原循环.综合分析上述结果,最终可阐明Pd@H-ZSM-5模型催化剂上甲烷燃烧的反应机理.     

水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物催化的Sonogashira反应

成功合成了一种磺酸钠基团官能团化的水溶性氮杂环卡宾钯金属配合物。在无膦、以水作溶剂的反应条件下,这种水溶性卡宾钯金属配合物能高效催化碘代芳烃和端基炔烃的Sonogashira偶联反应,反应结束后,可以通过萃取的方式把催化剂从反应混合物中分离出来,该催化剂可以重复循环使用四次。     

Study of the protein distribution in the pig lens cross section by Raman spectroscopy

The distribution of proteins in the cross section of a normal pig lens was studied by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra were measured in the visual and equatorial axes of this cross section and the protein peak intensities were determined. It was found that along each axis the protein intensities fluctuate. They have a considerable increment along the visual axis with the exception of the C-N bond peak intensities at 1087.2 cm(-1), which decrease, and along the equatorial axis the increment is slight. This increment in protein distribution along the visual axis is related with the refractive gradient of the lens. The classification of pig lens spectra in these axes was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Cross-validation shows an excellent group separation.     

Effect of thermal treatments on surface chemical distribution and catalyst activity in nickel on silica systems

The reducibility of several nickel on silica systems prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and precipitation-deposition has been studied using TPR and TG. The analysis of the results has allowed us to determine the minimum drying and reduction temperatures for both impregnation and precipitation catalysts. From an analysis of the obtained results, together with X-ray diffraction and the study of the reduction degree, dispersion and nickel particle size of catalysts activated at different reduction temperatures, conclusions on the nickel surface chemical distribution have been derived. An optimal reduction temperature for the catalysts has been determined from activity considerations in the hydrogenation of sunflower seed oil.     

The effect of benzonitrile on the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene and 1-phenyl-1-propyne over a palladium/carbon catalyst

Benzonitrile reduces the rate of alkyne hydrogenation. However, it enhances the rate of styrene hydrogenation while reducing the rate of -methylstyrene hydrogenation.     

Transport coefficients and cross sections for electrons in water vapour: comparison of cross section sets using an improved Boltzmann equation solution

This paper revisits the issues surrounding computation of electron transport properties in water vapour as a function of E/n(0) (the ratio of the applied electric field to the water vapour number density) up to 1200 Td. We solve the Boltzmann equation using an improved version of the code of Ness and Robson [Phys. Rev. A 38, 1446 (1988)], facilitating the calculation of transport coefficients to a considerably higher degree of accuracy. This allows a correspondingly more discriminating test of the various electron-water vapour cross section sets proposed by a number of authors, which has become an important issue as such sets are now being applied to study electron driven processes in atmospheric phenomena [P. Thorn, L. Campbell, and M. Brunger, PMC Physics B 2, 1 (2009)] and in modeling charged particle tracks in matter [A. Munoz, F. Blanco, G. Garcia, P. A. Thorn, M. J. Brunger, J. P. Sullivan, and S. J. Buckman, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 277, 175 (2008)].     

Reductive sorption of molecular oxygen from water by nanodisperse metals in an ion-exchanger matrix

It is shown that the reduction of oxygen dissolved in water by metal (Ag, Cu, Bi, and Ni) — KU-23 ion exchanger nanocomposite can be inhibited by either internal diffusion or kinetic mechanisms, depending on the nature of the metal and its particle size.     

Effect of copper oxide on the catalytic activity of iron-chromia catalyst for water gas shift reaction

It has been established that copper oxide promotes the catalytic activity of iron-chromia catalyst in the water gas shift reaction due to the formation of catalytically active aggregates. However, due to their gradual recrystallization and sintering into larger copper particles, the promoting effect sharply decreases.

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Direct epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen over a catalyst system containing palladium and a peroxo-heteropoly compound in methanol

A catalyst system consisting of palladium and a peroxo-heteropoly compound in methanol showed 81.6% selectivity for propylene oxide at 42.7% propylene conversion using molecular oxygen as oxidant in an autoclave reactor at 373 K for 6 h.