可见光完全分解水光催化剂Bi0.5La0.5VO4的制备和表征

通过高温固相法合成了光催化剂Bi0.5La0.5VO4,用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对催化剂进行了表征,并初步讨论了其能带结构.结果表明,Bi0.5La0.5VO4为BiVO4和LaVO4的固溶体,其禁带宽度约为2.70eV,对应的吸收边为470nm,负载Pt,RuO2和Pt-Cr2O3等后,在紫外光和可见光下均有光催化活性.其中负载Pt-Cr2O3时,其光催化活性最高,可以在紫外光和可见光下完全分解水.在紫外光照射下,生成氢气和氧气的速率分别为28.86和14.34μmol/h.结果还表明,通过形成固溶体来调节价带和导带,是获得可见光响应光催化剂的一种可行的方法.     

HNdNb2O7/(Pt,TiO2)的制备和光催化性能的研究

利用层间插入反应,合成HNdNb2O7/(Pt,TiO2 )层状光催化纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光漫反射、比表面积测定分析等分析手段对所制备的材料进行了表征.通过光照分解水,考察了所制备的材料的光催化性能,结果表明所制备的HNdNb2O7 /(Pt ,TiO2 )纳米复合材料具有较高的光催化分解水效率并且其光催化活性稳定.     

硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管的表征与可见光光催化活性

以二硫化钛为钛源和硫源,通过与NaOH水热反应成功制备了硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管。 采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和X光微区分析等手段对所制备的硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管的结构、形貌、硫掺杂状态和掺杂量进行了表征,并以可见光光催化氧化乙醇反应为探针,采用原位气相色谱技术研究了硫掺杂钛酸纳米管的可见光光催化活性;结果表明,S原子以S2-形式取代了钛酸纳米管骨架中O原子的位置, 有效实现了硫掺杂;硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管壁厚平均尺寸为2.9 nm,管径平均尺寸为9.7 nm。 可见光光催化氧化乙醇反应结果表明,掺硫钛酸纳米管在极低的掺硫量条件下,表现出比未掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管具有更高的可见光光催化活性。     

掺氮二氧化钛可见光照射降解微囊藻毒素-LR

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了N掺杂TiO2(N-TiO2)纳米粉体光催化剂,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见反射光谱及透射电镜(TEM)分析测定,对光催化剂N/TiO2进行了结构表征.发现N掺杂TiO2相对纯TiO2禁带宽度变窄,可见光区有明显吸收.在可见光照射下,利用纳米N/TiO2作为光催化剂降解微囊藻毒素(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR),通过高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)跟踪检测降解过程MC-LR浓度变化,液质联用仪(LC-MS)检测MC-LR降解中间产物变化.利用电子自旋共振法(ESR)及过氧化物酶催化氧化方法跟踪定性定量测定光催化过程中氧化物种的种类变化.采用总有机碳(TOC)测定仪测定了MC-LR光催化深度氧化矿化效果.结果表明,可见光(λ420nm)照射可有效激发光催化剂N-TiO2活化分子氧降解MC-LR,在反应条件下,光催化反应14h,MC-LR降解率达到100%,20h矿化率达到59%.其光催化反应体系中氧化物种主要为羟基自由基(·OH).质谱检测到13种降解产物,主要反应机理为光催化反应产生·OH进攻MC-LR结构四个易氧化部位,以及一些氨基酸之间的肽键的水解.     

氧掺杂氮化碳纳米片的制备及其光解水制氢性能

以草酸为氧源,二聚氰胺和尿素为原料,采用两步热聚合方式合成氧掺杂氮化碳纳米片催化剂(CNO)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、荧光光谱(PL)及电化学测试等技术对催化剂进行结构表征分析。在可见光照射下通过分解水制氢反应对CNO的光催化还原性能进行评价。结果表明,草酸中的O元素通过取代氮化碳三嗪环结构中N原子直接键合到sp~2杂化碳上,形成O掺杂CNO。经O掺杂改性后的氮化碳具有良好的层状堆积结构,可见光吸收性明显提高,同时禁带宽度降低。O掺杂的引入加速了光生电子-空穴对的分离和传输,能大幅度提高氮化碳的光催化分解水制氢性能,在可见光照下达88.6μmol·h~(-1),是未掺杂CN的3.91倍。     

光催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4的制备和表征及其光催化分解水

通过高温固相法合成了不同组分的光催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0), 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、比表面积分析(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂Bi1-xGdxVO4进行了表征和分析. XRD结果表明, 在Bi1-xGdxVO4中存在两种结构, 当0.3≤x≤1.0时, Bi1-xGdxVO4为四方晶系硅酸锆型结构; 当x=0时, 为单斜晶系白钨矿结构BiVO4; 当0相似文献   

可见光下Fe~（3＋）掺杂对K2La2Ti3O（10）分解水制氢性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3+掺杂的Fe-K2La2Ti3O10.光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其进行了表征和分析,考察了不同掺杂量对K2La2Ti3O10的性质及光催化分解水制氢活性的影响.结果表明,Fe-K2La2Ti3O10.在400-650 nm范围内显示强吸收,光谱响应扩展到可见光区(λ>400 nm),掺杂Fe3+后,K2La2Ti3O10.的可见光区的光催化制氢活性显著提高,掺杂量为nPe/nn=0.04时活性最佳,当催化剂用量为0.1 g,反应液为CH3OH(30 mL)+H2O(90 mL)时,产氢量达到1.92 μmol·h-1,为未掺杂时的4倍.     

可见光下Fe3+掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10分解水制氢性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3+掺杂的Fe-K2La2Ti3O10光催化剂, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其进行了表征和分析, 考察了不同掺杂量对K2La2Ti3O10的性质及光催化分解水制氢活性的影响. 结果表明, Fe-K2La2Ti3O10在400-650 nm范围内显示强吸收, 光谱响应扩展到可见光区(λ>400 nm), 掺杂Fe3+后, K2La2Ti3O10的可见光区的光催化制氢活性显著提高, 掺杂量为nFe/nTi=0.04时活性最佳, 当催化剂用量为0.1 g, 反应液为CH3OH(30 mL)+H2O(90 mL)时, 产氢量达到1.92 μmol·h-1, 为未掺杂时的4倍.     

Ag/Ag_3PO_4/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂的合成与再生及其可见光下的光催化性能(英文)

研究了用离子交换沉淀法制备的Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4的可见光光催化性能及再生方法.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行了结构特性分析.XRD结果显示再生后催化剂的结构未发生改变.FESEM及UV-Vis分析结果说明催化剂由Ag3PO4与g-C3N4复合而成.XPS分析结果表明催化剂表面出现少量的银单质.利用可见光(λ420nm)照射下的苯酚降解实验评价了样品的光催化活性,并通过活性物种及能带结构的分析对催化剂的光催化机理进行了推测.研究表明,Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4的光催化活性明显高于纯Ag3PO4及纯g-C3N4,主要原因归结为单质银、Ag3PO4及g-C3N4的协同效应.经过氧化氢和磷酸氢铵钠(NaNH4HPO4)的再生可完全恢复催化剂的活性,这表明该绿色环保的再生方法可实现Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4催化剂在环境中的实际应用.     

CoO/SrTiO3的合成及光催化分解水制氢性能

通过添加碱金属化合物矿化剂,以Sr(NO3)2和钛酸四丁酯的水解产物TiO(OH)2为原料进行固态反应,制得结晶完整性较好的SrTiO3粉末.再由浸渍法负载CoO,制备出光催化分解水催化剂CoO/SrTiO3,在400 W高压汞灯照射下,产氢速率可达到480μmol•g cat－1•h－1. SEM、UV-Vis漫反射光谱表征结果显示,合成SrTiO3时加入KOH矿化剂可使固态反应完全,SrTiO3结晶完整性提高,进而促进其光催化活性提高.确定了适宜的KOH矿化剂用量为2.0％(w).     

Correlation between the band positions of (SrTiO3)1-x.(LaTiO2N)x solid solutions and photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation

N-doped SrTiO3 and (SrTiO3)1-x.(LaTiO2N)x samples were prepared by the thermal ammonolysis method. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were investigated in a water suspension system. Aqueous methanol solution (50 mL CH3OH + 220 mL H2O) for H2 evolution and aqueous silver nitrate solution (270 mL, 0.01 mol L(-1)) for O2 evolution were used as sacrificial reagents. The oxynitrides showed photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation. The maximum rates of photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm) were 10 and 8 micromol h(-1), respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The unit cell edge length of (SrTiO3)1-x.(LaTiO2N)x increased linearly and their band gaps reduced from 3.18 to 2.04 eV with increasing x from 0 to 0.30. Moreover, the calculation results of (SrTiO3)0.75.(LaTiO2N)0.25 by density functional theory suggested that the band gap narrowing of the solid solutions came from the hybridization of N2p and O2p orbital. The band positions of the solid solutions were further investigated by Mott-Schottky and the onset potential method. The results suggested that the conduction band of the solid solution was lowered, which led to decrement of the hydrogen evolution rate.     

Epitaxial thin films of ATiO(3-x)H(x) (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) with metallic conductivity

Epitaxial thin films of titanium perovskite oxyhydride ATiO(3-x)H(x) (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) were prepared by CaH(2) reduction of epitaxial ATiO(3) thin films deposited on a (LaAlO(3))(0.3)(SrAl(0.5)Ta(0.5)O(3))(0.7) substrate. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy detected a substantial amount and uniform distribution of hydride within the film. SrTiO(3)/LSAT thin film hydridized at 530 °C for 1 day had hydride concentration of 4.0 × 10(21) atoms/cm(3) (i.e., SrTiO(2.75)H(0.25)). The electric resistivity of all the ATiO(3-x)H(x) films exhibited metallic (positive) temperature dependence, as opposed to negative as in BaTiO(3-x)H(x) powder, revealing that ATiO(3-x)H(x) are intrinsically metallic, with high conductivity of 10(2)-10(4) S/cm. Treatment with D(2) gas results in hydride/deuteride exchange of the films; these films should be valuable in further studies on hydride diffusion kinetics. Combined with the materials' inherent high electronic conductivity, new mixed electron/hydride ion conductors may also be possible.     

Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2固溶体的晶胞参数与晶格畸变的关系

合成了Zr1-xMxWMoO8-x/2(M=Er,Tm,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)和Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2(M=Eu,Er,Yb,Sc,In,Ga,Al)2个系列的固溶体,前者具有β-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称β相);后者具有α-ZrW2O8结构类型(简称α相)。建立了相和相的晶胞参数与M3+离子浓度的Vegard方程,测定了上述固溶体的固溶度。讨论了M3+离子的化学性质与Vegard斜率SV的关系。分析了α相的SαA与β相的SβA的关系;揭示了α-Zr1-xMxW2O8-x/2晶格中2[WO4]四面体对的取向有序程度对晶格畸变的贡献。提出上述固溶体的晶胞参数随溶质浓度增加而减小,主要是由于氧空位缺陷相互作用的结果。     

Mn掺杂Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂同时去除碳烟和氮氧化物的性能

采用柠檬酸络合燃烧法制备了一系列x%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(x=0,5,10,15,30,50)复合金属氧化物催化剂,对其同时去除柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物(PM)和氮氧化物(NOx)反应的催化活性进行了评价,并采用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和原位漫反射红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)等技术对催化剂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,不同含量Mn掺杂入铈锆固溶体中均形成了三元固溶体催化剂,在同时去除PM和NOx的催化反应中,固溶体催化剂的催化活性与其氧化能力直接相关。其中30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂具有较好的同时去除PM和NOx的催化活性,催化去除PM的Ti和Tm分别为298和504℃,NO的转化率达到30.6%。结合O2-TPD和原位红外结果可知,30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面吸附的超氧物种(O2-)及其与NO反应生成的硝酸盐物种(NO3-)是同时去除PM和NO反应的主要活性物种,进而指出PM和NO在30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2表面反应过程中形成了异氰酸盐(-NCO)中间物种,在原位红外实验的基础上提出了30%Mn/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2复合氧化物催化剂同时去除PM和NOx的反应机理。     

纳米钙钛矿LaxSr1-xFe1-yCoyO3复合氧化物的制备和表征

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法，制备La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末，对该钙钛矿型氧化物进行了XRD、IR、紫外漫反射光谱及循环伏安曲线分析。结果表明：该复合氧化物粉体平均晶粒为15.3～29.8 nm,为立方和正交晶系。该氧电极具有双功能催化特性，但不完全可逆。对水溶液染料进行光解实验，利用紫外-可见、人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃的催化性能。结果表明：CO²⁺的加入可使La_xSr_1-xFeO₃的光催化活性有所提高，B位离子(Fe³⁺，CO²⁺)改变与加入，使La_xSr_1-xFe_1-yCo_yO₃(x=0.7，0.3；y=0.3，0.9，1)光催化活性高于La_xSr_1-xFeO₃。同时，对5种染料进行紫外光解，在0.75 h，脱色率大于91%，并为动力学一级反应。     

Solid state NMR characterization of individual compounds and solid solutions formed in Sc(2)O(3)--V(2)O(5)--Nb(2)O(5)--Ta(2)O(5) system

In this study, (51)V, (45)Sc and (93)Nb MAS NMR combined with satellite transition spectroscopy analysis were used to characterize the complex solid mixtures: VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25), ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4) and ScNb(2(1-x))Ta(2x)VO(9) (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0). This led us to describe the structures of Sc and V sites. The conclusions were based on accurate values for (51)V quadrupole coupling and chemical shift tensors obtained with (51)V MAS NMR/SATRAS for VNb(9)O(25), VTa(9)O(25) and ScVO(4). The (45)Sc NMR parameters have been obtained for Sc(2)O(3), ScVO(4), ScNbO(4) and ScTaO(4). On the basis of (45)Sc NMR and data available from literature, the ranges of the (45)Sc chemical shift have been established for ScO(6) and ScO(8). The gradual change of the (45)Sc and (51)V NMR parameters with x confirms the formation of solid solutions in the process of synthesis of VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25) and ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4), in contrast to ScNb(2(1-x))Ta(2x)VO(9). The cation sublattice of ScNb((1-x))Ta(x)O(4) is found to be in octahedral coordination. The V sites in VNb(9(1-x))Ta(9x)O(25) are present in the form of slightly distorted tetrahedra. The (93)Nb NMR parameters have been obtained for VNb(9)O(25).     

[(n-C16H33)N(CH3)3]2[TiF6]·2H2O的合成、结构和热稳定性

利用水热法在150 ℃合成了新的化合物六氟钛酸十六烷基三甲基胺二水合物([(n-C16H33)N(CH3)32[TiF6]·2H2O), 并利用单晶X射线衍射技术解析了其结构, 同时利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、元素分析及热分析技术加以佐证. 该化合物由六氟钛酸根离子(TiF2-6)、水分子及十六烷基三甲基胺离子([(n-C16H33)N(CH3)3]+)组成, 属于单斜晶系, 其空间群为C2/c. 氢键在其构筑三维结构时起着重要的作用.     

Composition dependence of the photocatalytic activities of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) solid solutions under visible light

We prepared BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) (x=0-1) solid solutions and characterized their structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity measurements and also by density functional theory calculations for BiOCl, BiOBr, BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5). Under visible-light irradiation BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) exhibits a stronger photocatalytic activity than do BiOCl and BiOBr, with the activity reaching the maximum at x=0.5 and decreasing gradually as x is increased toward 1 or decreased toward 0. This trend is closely mimicked by the photogenerated current of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) , indicating that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) with respect to those of BiOCl and BiOBr originates from the trapping of photogenerated carriers. Our electronic structure calculations for BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5) with the anion (O(2-), Cl(-), Br(-)) and cation (Bi(3+)) vacancies suggest that the trapping of photogenerated carriers is caused most likely by Bi(3+) cation vacancies, which generate hole states above the conduction band maximum.     

层状钙钛矿型Sm2-2xSr1+2x-2yCa2yMn2O7(x=0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5；y=0，0.2，0.3)的溶胶凝胶合成及电性能研究

Layered perovskite manganites with a nominal chemsitry of Sm_2-2xSr_1+2x-2_yCa_2yMn₂O₇(x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; y=0, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared using sol-gel method. The crystal structures of these compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR absorption spectra. The absorption peaks become weaker and move a little to higher frequency with increasing of Sm/Sr concentration. As the Sm doping increases to x=0.2 and x=0.3, the absorption peaks show a cubic structure character, reflecting that the samples suffer from a transition from tetragonal structure to cubic structure. This coincides with the X-ray diffraction results. The high temperature electrical properties were studied by conventional four-probe method. Although all samples exhibit the semiconductive behavior, lnρ-1 000/T curves are not linear and they obey the small polaron hopping mechanism. Moreover, the resistivity decreases with x reducing. This is due to that Sm doping increases the Jahn-Teller ion Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ ratio, and decreases the e_g bandwidth.     

Solution combustion derived nanocrystalline Zn(2)SiO(4):Mn phosphors: a spectroscopic view

Manganese doped nanocrystalline willemite powder phosphors Zn(2-x)Mn(x)SiO(4) (0.1(6)A(1) ground state. The mechanism involved in the generation of a green emission has been explained in detail. The effect of Mn content on luminescence has also been studied.