A practical access to acyl radicals from acyl hydrazides

Various acyl radicals can be generated from the corresponding acyl triphenylmethyldiazo derivatives, produced by in situ oxidation of hydrazide precursors with phenylseleninic acid.     

Condensation of acyl chloride on sodium cyanate : preparation of acyl isocyanates

The catalytic effects of various metal halides and solvents on the reaction of benzoyl chloride with sodium cyanate were studied. It has been found that SnCl₄, and ZnCl₂. catalyze the reaction to give the corresponding acyl isocyanates in good yields. The scope of the reaction was studied and a number of aroyl isocyanates and their derivatives were prepared. A few non aromatic isocyanates and their derivatives were also prepared.     

Reactivity of acyl chloride aryl-hydrazones with some diazines

The reaction of methyl phenylhydrazonochloroacetate with pyridazine, pyrazine, quinoxaline and phthalazine gave the corresponding 1:1 cycloadducts (1–4) whose structure was proven by spectroscopic data and chemical transformations.     

Chemistry of acyl(imidoyl)ketenes

2-Oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)ketene, which is generated upon thermal decarbonylation of 3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-1,2,4-trione, undergoes dimerization through [4+2] cycloaddition to give 2-(2-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl)-4-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyloxy)pyrido[2,1-c]-[1,4]benzoxazine-1,5-dione. The resulting compounds formed a crystal solvate withp-xylene, whose crystal and molecular structure was established by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Spectrofluorimetric assay for acyl CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase

A sensitive assay for acyl CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) in rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial preparations is described. The lowered cholesterol concentration in the enzyme reaction with oleoyl CoA is determined spectrofluorimetrically by using the cholesterol oxidase/peroxidase/p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid system. The assay requires as little as 20 μg of protein in the enzyme preparation.     

Chemistry of acyl(imidoyl)ketenes

Intramolecular cyclization of [N-benzyl(arylglyoxylimidoyl)]ketenes generated upon thermal decarbonylation of 4,5-diaroyl-1-benzylpyrrole-2,3-diones is accompanied by redox processes to form 3-aroyl-5-aryl-4H-furo[3,2-c]isoquinolin-2-ones and 3-benzoyl-4-benzylamino-5-phenyl-5H-furan-2-one (1). The molecular and crystal structure of compound 1 was studies by X-ray diffraction analysis. Under conditions of thermolysis, the starting pyrrole-2,3-diones are partially reduced to 4,5-diaroyl-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-5H-pyrrol-2-ones. For Part 3, see Ref. 1. Deceased Deceased. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2150–2153, November, 1999.     

噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮-酰基吡唑啉酮-邻菲咯啉合铕(Ⅲ)四元配合物的合成和表征

A novel chelate Eu(TTA)2(PMTBBP)Phen, which contained ligand 1-pheny-3-methyl-4-(4′-t-butylbenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone (HPMTBBP), 4,4,4-trifluro-1-(2-thienyl)-1, 3-butandione (HTTA) and phenanthroline(Phen), was synthesized. Its chemical structure was elucidated by IR, UV, 1H NMR,MS, DSC and elementary analysis. The influence of acylpyrazolone on fluorescent intensity of the new chelate was studied. The results showed that Eu (TTA)2 (PMTBBP)Phen had more excellent PL properties and better film formation than that of Eu(TTA)3Phen.     

Electronic structures of acyl nitrites and nitrates

The gas phase electronic structures of CM(3)C(O)ONO and CM(3)C(O)ONO(2) (M=H, Cl, F) are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) combined with the outer valence Green's function (OVGF) calculations at 6-311+G(d, p) basis sets. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for each compound is the carbonyl oxygen lone pair (n(O)), the ionizations of these orbitals are associated with the vibrational frequency about 1750 and 1820 cm(-1) reflected on the first band, respectively, for acyl nitrites and nitrate. Comparing with the calculated energies, it can be concluded that the syn conformers with Cs overall symmetry, a planar CC(O)ONO skeleton in nitrites, and a planar CC(O)ON skeleton in nitrates, respectively, are the most stable in the gas phase.     

Mass spectra of perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkylether nitriles and acyl halides

Electron impact fragmentation patterns were obtained for perfluoroalkylether nitriles, C,F,O[CF(CF₃)CFIO]ICF(CF₃)CN (x = 1 and 2), perfluoroalkylether acyl halides, CSF,OCF(CF,)-CF₂OCF(CF₃)COX (X = F and Cl), n-perfluorooctanonitrile and n-perfiuorooctanoyl chloride. The perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkylether nitriles afforded ions characteristic of the nitrile function. The major fragment from the acyl chlorides was the [COClJ]+ ion; the presence of chlorine was evidenced also by rearrangement ions of the general form [R_fCl] t. The perfluoroalkylether compounds appeared to undergo a typical fragmentation governed by the cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond.     

Chemistry of acyl(imidoyl)ketenes

Thermal decarbonylation of 3-p-toluoylpyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-1,2,4-trione affords (2-oxo-1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl)(p-toluoyl)ketene. The latter enters into the [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction withp-bromobenzylidene-p-anisidine to form 1-p-bromophenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl-4-p-toluoyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidino[4,3-c][1,4]benzoxazine-3,5-dione. The molecular and crystal structure of the title compound was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. For Part 1, see Ref. 6; for Part 2, see Ref. 5. Deceased Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 614–617, March, 1999.     

Expected and unexpected photochemical reactions of acyl iodides

Photolysis of acyl iodides RCOI (R = Me, Me₂CH, Ph) under UV irradiation in toluene environment for 20–55 h proved to be a simple and efficient method of preparation of symmetrical α-diketones RCOCOR. In contrast, the photolysis under the same conditions of acyl iodides RCOI [R = Me(CH₂)₃, Me₃C] did not lead to the formation of the corresponding diacyls, and the reaction products were unexpected 1,1-bis(4-methylphenyl)pentane and a mixture of isomeric 3- and 4-methyl(tert-butyl)benzenes respectively. The most probable mechanism of their formation is the primary photochemical acylation of toluene in the aromatic ring followed by the photochemical reduction of the arising butyl 4-methylphenyl ketone in the case of the valeroyl iodide or the photochemical Norrish type I cleavage of isomeric 3- and 4-methylphenyl (tert-butyl) ketones in event of the pivaloyl iodide. In the photolysis of acetyl iodide (R = Me) in benzene or toluene alongside the diacetyl formation polyarylation process was observed of acylated and iodinated into the aromatic ring solvents with the formation of polymeric products with semiconductor and paramagnetic properties.     

Tautomerism in acyl tetronic acids

The tautomeric structures of some acetyl tetronic acids are studied by NMR analysis.     

Rapid and facile synthesis of acyl azides from acyl halides using a polymer-supported azide ion under heterogeneous conditions

In this article a rapid and facile method for synthesis of acyl azide is described. The cross-linked poly(N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) azide ion, [P₄-VP]N₃ is prepared and used as an efficient polymeric reagent for synthesis of acyl azides from acyl halides at room temperature under heterogeneous conditions. Various benzoyl halides, with electron-withdrawing groups as well as electron-donating groups, were transformed into the corresponding benzoyl azides in high to excellent yields in short reaction times. The acyl azide products were characterized by FT-IR, and some of them were also characterized by ¹H-and/or ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, and physical properties were compared to literature values of known compounds. The spent polymeric reagents can be regenerated and reused for several times without losing their activity. Relative to the reported methods, the present method has the advantages of operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, fast reaction rates, simple reaction work-up and lower hazardous and potentially explosive nature. Also the present method is the first procedure for the synthesis of acyl azides from acyl halides by using a polymer-supported azide ion under heterogeneous conditions.     

Rhenium complex-catalyzed acylative cleavage of ethers with acyl chlorides

It was found that rhenium complex was an efficient catalyst for the acylative cleavage of C-O bond of ethers with acyl chlorides. When acyclic ethers were allowed to react with acyl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of ReBr(CO)₅, acylative cleavage of C-O bond of acyclic ethers smoothly proceeded to give the corresponding esters in moderate to good yields. Similarly, cyclic ethers were acylative cleaved by acyl chlorides to give the corresponding chloro substituted esters in good yields by the use of Re₂O₇ catalyst.     

DBU catalyzed cyanoacylation of ketones with acyl cyanides

The reaction of cyclohexanone with benzoyl cyanide catalyzed by amines provides the corresponding O-benzoyl cyanohydrin adducts in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Among the catalysts, DBU was found to be the most effective promoter allowing the reaction to proceed smoothly at room temperature and to give the corresponding O-acyl cyanohydrin adducts in higher yields for a variety of substituted cyclohexanones, cyclopentanone, acetone or pentan-3-one and various acyl cyanides.     

Structural and kinetic characterization of an acyl transferase ribozyme

We have previously isolated, by in vitro selection, an acyl-transferase ribozyme that is capable of transferring a biotinylated methionyl group from the 3' end of a hexanucleotide substrate to its own 5'-hydroxyl. Comparison of the sequences of a family of evolved derivatives of this ribozyme allowed us to generate a model of the secondary structure of the ribozyme. The predicted secondary structure was extensively tested and confirmed by single-mutant and compensatory double-mutant analyses. The role of the template domain in aligning the acyl-donor oligonucleotide and acyl-acceptor region of the ribozyme was confirmed in a similar manner. The significance of different domains of the ribozyme structure and the importance of two tandem G:U wobble base pairs in the template domain were studied by kinetic characterization of mutant ribozymes. The wobble base pairs contribute to the catalytic rate enhancement, but only in the context of the complete ribozyme; the ribozyme in turn alters the metal binding properties of this site. Competitive inhibition experiments with unacylated substrate oligonucleotide are consistent with the ribozyme acting to stabilize substrate binding to the template, while negative interactions with the aminoacyl portion of the substrate destabilize binding.     

Thiol-catalyzed acyl radical cyclization of alkenals

Thiol-catalyzed direct generation of acyl radicals and their intramolecular addition to olefins of alkenals gave 2-substituted five- and six-membered cyclic ketones in reasonably good yields. The combination of odorless tert-dodecanthiol and AIBN or V-40 was the initiator of choice among surveyed radical generators for the cyclization of alkenals. Aldehydes having electron-deficient olefins cyclized more easily than those having unactivated olefins.     

Ethylenic acyl cyanides I.: conjugate addition of allyl and allenylsilanes to ethylenic acyl cyanides.

δ,ε-Ethylenic (or acetylenic) acyl cyanides, or δ,ε-ethylenic (or acetylenic) acids and their methyl esters, can be obtained by a conjugate addition of allyl (or allenyl) silanes to α,β-ethylenic acyl cyanides.     

Enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan methacrylate according to acyl donors

Recently, sugar polymers have been considered for use as biomaterials in medical applications. These biomaterials are already used extensively in burn dressings, artificial membranes, and contact lenses. In this study, we investigated the optimum conditions under which the enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan methacrylate can be affected using Novozym 435 in t-butanol from sorbitan and several acyl donors (ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl methacrylate). The enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan methacrylate, catalyzed by Novozym 435 in t-butanol, reached an approx 68% conversion yield at 50 g/L of 1,4-sorbitan, 5% (w/v) of enzyme content, and a 1∶5 molar ratio of sorbitan to ethyl methacrylate, with a reaction time of 36 h. Using methyl methacrylate as the acyl donor, we achieved a conversion yield of approx 78% at 50 g/L of 1,4-sorbitan, 7% (w/v) of enzyme content, at a 1∶5 molar ratio, with a reaction time of 36 h. Sorbitan methacrylate synthesis using vinyl methacrylate as the acyl donor was expected to result in a superior conversion yield at 3% (w/v) of enzyme content, and at a molar ratio greater than 1∶2.5. Higher molar ratios of acyl donor resulted in more rapid conversion rates. Vinyl methacrylate can be applied to obtain higher yields than are realized when using ethyl methacrylate or methyl methacrylate as acyl donors in esterification reactions catalyzed by Novozym 435 in organic solvents. Enzyme recycling resulted in a drastic reduction in conversion yields.