核参数敏感度的Monte Carlo研究

对核参数敏感度和不确定性分析的理论方法进行了探讨，在敏感度系数的基础上所定义的积分指标Esum能定量地表示出两个不同核裂变装置的相似性，即可用于定量地比较一个基准核裂变实验装置与一个欲评估核裂变装置的相似程度。不确定性的分析提供了一个计算核裂变系统中由于截面数据方差而导致系统中七疆方差的方法，并且也提供了一个计算不同核裂变系统中Keff协方差的方法。不确定性的分析方法是将截面数据的方差信息通过与能量有关的敏感度系数传播给Keff行。某一材料截面数据的方差可以传播给所有含有该材料的临界装置。有着相同材料的临界装置将产生关联。     

ADS系统中少系核素的灵敏度分析

为了确定加速器驱动系统中少系核素的核数据的不确定性对此系统中积分参数的影响,选择一铅 铋冷却次临界系统来进行分析,选择不同的微观评价库CENDL 3.0,JENDL 3.2及ENDF/B VI.6,并只考虑20MeV以下的中子产额,来计算次临界系统的积分参数.以ENDF/B VI.2库的计算结果作为参考结果,依次用CENDL 3.0库及JENDL 3.2库中相应的系核素替换ENDF/B VI.6库中的系核素,计算了次临界系统的Keff值及反应率,并就变换主要系核素时对所计算的Keff值及反应率的影响进行了分析、比对.在堆芯处,当改变系核素时Keff值总的变化为30%,CENDL 3.0的238Pu的弹性散射反应率比ENDF/B VI库的结果高出10%,ENDF/B VI库的242Am的裂变率超过了CENDL 3.0库的15%.     

快堆有效增殖因子的灵敏度分析

采用一级微扰理论研究了有效增殖因子Keff随截面变化的灵敏度 ,以GODIVA和ZPR 6/7两个快中子基准装置为例 ,计算了它们的Keff相对于 ν值、裂变截面和俘获截面的灵敏度函数 .经对计算结果分析和与FORSS计算结果的比较 ,表明计算正确反映了问题的物理意义 ,结果可靠 ,能够用于实际的基准检验工作中.The first order perturbation theory is used to calculate the sensitivity profile of K eff in fast facility. The calculated formulas are given in the sphere co ordinate. As an example, the sensitivity profiles of K eff to ,σ n,f and σ n,γ of GODIVA and ZPR 6/7 are all calculated. The results are also compared with those of FORSS. The calculation results have correct physical meaning and are reliable for application in the actual benchmark review.     

ADS系统中少錒系核素的灵敏度分析

为了确定加速器驱动系统中少錒系核素的核数据的不确定性对此系统中积分参数的影响, 选择一铅 铋冷却次临界系统来进行分析, 选择不同的微观评价库CENDL 3.0 , JENDL 3.2及ENDF/B VI.6, 并只考虑20 MeV以下的中子产额, 来计算次临界系统的积分参数. 以ENDF/B VI.2 库的计算结果作为参考结果, 依次用CENDL 3.0库及JENDL 3.2库中相应的錒系核素替换ENDF/B VI.6 库中的錒系核素, 计算了次临界系统的Keff值及反应率, 并就变换主要錒系核素时对所计算的Keff值及反应率的影响进行了分析、 比对. 在堆芯处, 当改变錒系核素时Keff值总的变化为30%, CENDL 3.0的238Pu的弹性散射反应率比ENDF/B VI 库的结果高出10%, ENDF/B VI 库的242Am的裂变率超过了CENDL 3.0库的15%. In order to investigate the effect of minior actinide data on integral parameter, the accelerator driven minior actinide benchmark system was selected in this work. The library based on ENDF/B VI.2 was used for the reference calculation. The sensitivities were examined by exchanging the minior actinides of CENDL 3.0 and JENDL 3.2 one after another. The Keff values and reaction rates were calculated. According to the comparisons, the difference in Keff from the refrence is more than 3‰, and the fission reaction rate of 242Am is about 15% lower than those of reference results. The elastic scattering reaction rate of 238Pu of CENDL 3.0 is about 10% larger than those of ENDF/B VI.     

相场方法研究定向退火条件下柱状晶粒的形成过程

根据晶界迁移率与温度的关系,将晶粒长大过程控制在一定宽度的热区内,构建了具有无限大温度梯度且在热区内温度均匀的热区模型,并应用相场方法研究了热区温度和热区宽度对单相多晶材料中柱状晶粒结构形成过程的影响。所得晶粒形貌与实验结果吻合。     

NdFeB纳米复合永磁材料的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性

以Nd₂Fe₁₄B/αFe为例，采用立方体晶粒结构模型，研究了纳米复合永磁材料中不同磁性晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用和有效各向异性.纳米复合永磁材料的有效各向异性Keff等于软、硬磁性相各向异性的统计平均值，每个晶粒的各向异性由晶粒表面交换耦合部分和晶粒内部未交换耦合部分的各向异性共同确定.计算结果表明，软、硬磁性相晶粒尺寸分布显著地影响有效各向异性Keff的值.当软、硬磁性晶粒尺寸D相同时，Keff随晶粒尺寸和硬磁性相体积分数的降低而减小, 当D<20nm 时，K 关键词： 纳米复合永磁材料 交换耦合相互作用 有效各向异性 晶粒尺寸     

晶粒间界相对纳米Nd_2Fe_(14)B各向异性和矫顽力的影响

本文采用立方晶粒结构模型研究了晶粒间界相对纳米硬磁材料各向异性和矫顽力的影响.结果表明:晶粒间界相减弱了交换耦合作用.当晶粒尺寸D为定值时,随着晶粒间界相厚度d的增加,晶粒平均各向异性单调增加,而材料的有效各向异性Keff、矫顽力单调减小.我们计算的矫顽力随晶粒尺寸的变化与相关理论和实验结果基本一致.     

一种超高速发射实验装置的改进及其数值模拟

 以流体比容方法和三阶PPM方法为基础,给出了适用于三级气炮超高速发射过程数值模拟的多流计算方法和计算代码MFPPM。利用Sandia实验室一系列的实验装置及其结果对计算代码进行了验证和确认,获得了较好的数值模拟结果（其中最大相对误差为1.07%）,同时对冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室设计的实验装置进行了数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果相差1.04%。为了更好地满足超高压下材料状态方程的测量,提出了一种带汇聚型的改进装置设计,并给出了相应的数值模拟结果。     

脉冲强电流Z箍缩等离子体的理论研究

采用简化的一维模型,对脉冲强电流Z箍缩内爆等离子体过程进行了总体数值计算。计算结果和BLACKJACK5实验装置的测量值进行了对比。两者相比表明,主要物理量的差别在10%以内,因此该方法可以作为实际装置物理方案设计和实验结果分析的一种工具。     

RFD装置优化设计理论及方法研究

本文对周期性脉冲运动下的RFD装置进行了简化,建立了以装置流量和效率为优化目标的优化设计模型,进行了传统枚举法和现代遗传算法的计算和比较。通过枚举法计算结果总结了有关参数对RFD装置流量和效率的影响规律,强调了参数之间配套关系的重要性,最后通过比较计算值和实验值,验证了本文优化理论及其计算方法的正确性。     

Effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator

A high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator(HEAR) is composed of a substrate,a piezoelectric film and upper and lower electrodes,the influences of their structure parameter(thickness) and performance parameter(characteristic impedance) on effective electromechanical coupling coefficient K_(eff)~2 are investigated systematically.The relationship between K_(eff)~2 and these parameters is obtained by a lumped parameter equivalent circuit instead of distributed parameter equivalent circuit near the resonant frequency,and K_(eff)~2 at the resonance frequency closest to the given frequency is analyzed.The results show that K_(eff)~2 declines rapidly and oscillatorily with the continuous increase of the substrate thickness when the piezoelectric film thickness is fixed,and decreases inversely proportion to the thickness when the substrate thickness is greater than a certain value.With the ratio of the characteristic impedance of the substrate to the piezoelectric layer increasing,the maximum of K_(eff)~2 obtained from the variation curve of K_(eff)~2 with the continuous increase of the piezoelectric film thickness decreases rapidly before reaching the minimum value,and later increases slowly.Fused silica with low impedance is appropriate as the substrate of HBAR to get a larger K_(eff)~2.Compared with Al electrode,Au electrode can obtain larger K_(eff)~2 when the appropriate electrode thickness is selected.The revealed laws above mentioned provide the theoretical basis for optimizing parameters of HBAR.     

三氨基三硝基苯基高聚物粘结炸药热力学性质的理论计算研究

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)的热力学性质是用于炸药结构响应、安全性评估、数值模拟分析等的重要参数.由于PBX结构的多尺度特性,完全采取实验方法精细表征这些参数存在巨大的挑战.本文运用第一性原理和分子动力学计算的方法,系统研究了三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)基高聚物粘结炸药的热力学参数和界面热传导性质.利用散射失配模型研究了TATB与聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)界面的热传导过程,发现热导率随温度升高而上升,并且在高温情况下接近于定值.基于分子动力学获得的TATB热导率并结合界面热导率,分析了PBX炸药的热导与颗粒尺寸的关系,当颗粒尺寸大于100 nm时,界面热阻对于PBX热导率的影响有限.     

短脉冲激光加工双温方程的优化运算

为研究双温方程中电子热传导项和电子与晶格耦合项对激光辐照物体表面温度场求解的影响,对这两项施加了约束条件。由于飞秒和亚皮秒激光与物质相互作用时间短,电子与晶格来不及耦合,所以对耦合项施加时间约束;根据相分离条件(CPPS),对热传导项施加空间约束。利用有限元方法建立了激光烧蚀金属铜膜表面的有限元模型。通过分析双温方程中热传导项和耦合项对计算结果的影响,发现短脉冲激光与铜金属相互作用过程中电子与晶格耦合项可以忽略,而传导项不可忽略。求解适当激光功率下的双温方程,得到了激光作用中心电子与晶格在不同脉冲宽度激光辐照下的温度变化关系。根据100 fs激光作用后晶格温度场的空间分布情况,研究了激光作用的相分离区域、相爆炸区域以及熔融区域的分布情况。     

Photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate near a Feshbach resonance

We measure the effect of a magnetic Feshbach resonance (FR) on the rate and light-induced frequency shift of a photoassociation resonance in ultracold 7Li. The photoassociation-induced loss-rate coefficient K_{p} depends strongly on magnetic field, varying by more than a factor of 10;{4} for fields near the FR. At sufficiently high laser intensities, K_{p} for a thermal gas decreases with increasing intensity, while saturation is observed for the first time in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The frequency shift is also strongly field dependent and exhibits an anomalous blueshift for fields just below the FR.     

PTS装置Z箍缩负载设计分析

介绍了PTS装置丝阵负载设计思路,用简化的薄壳模型(零维)和辐射磁流体力学模型(一维)数值模拟了丝阵Z箍缩内爆过程,给出了PTS丝阵负载设计参数,分析了初步优化结果,确定了优化选择的箍缩常数.经脉冲功率驱动器与负载优化匹配设计,PTS实验平台能够获得100TW量级的X射线功率,最佳插头能量转换效率10%.预计PTS实验平台的X射线输出能力基本达到Saturn装置长脉冲模式放电的水平.结果将为PTS开展Z箍缩研究提供有价值的参考. 关键词： PTS装置 Z箍缩丝阵负载 零维薄壳模型 一维辐射磁流体力学数值模拟     

Concept of Small-Angle Diffractometer in Classical Configuration at the Cold Moderator of the IBR-2 Reactor

The possible concepts whereby a time-of-flight small-angle diffractometer optimized for a neutron moderator operating in the cold (at 30 K) and thermal (at 300 K) modes can be implemented at the IBR-2 reactor are studied on the basis of numerical calculations. Under cold conditions, the peak of the neutronbeam energy spectrum is shifted toward low energies (long wavelengths). This extends the sensitivity range of the instrument with respect to the sizes of the objects under study (1–100 nm and higher). A classical scheme enabling the separation of thermal/cold neutrons (E ~10^–3–10^–2 eV) from the background (formed mainly by fast neutrons), which is based on bent neutron-optical devices, is discussed. Due to restrictions imposed by the geometry of the beamline within which the instrument is planned to be located, a configuration with a short multichannel mirror device for beam bending (beam bender) is preferable. Simulation and optimization of the proposed small-angle instrument is carried out taking into account the real beamline geometry and the available space in the experimental reactor hall. A comparison of the setup has been made with the facility based on the curved neutron guide and the facility with direct view of the moderator.     

Scientific Review: ISIS Second Target Station: Overview and Progress

April 8, 2003 was an important date in the development of the ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, when formal approval for the construction of a Second Target Station was announced in a press release by the U.K. Minister for Science and Innovation. This major new investment (£100M) will extend the capability and capacity of ISIS. It will be optimized for the production of cold neutrons, and in particular will enhance the facilities at ISIS and provide exciting new opportunities in the key areas of soft matter, bio-materials, advanced materials, and nano-technology. Taking one in five pulses from the ISIS synchrotron, the lower proton power (48kW) and low repetition rate (10hz) will enable the use of a compact and well-coupled target, moderator, and reflector assembly for the efficient production of long wavelength neutrons with a particularly broad range of simultaneously usable wavelengths.     

Physical design of target station and neutron instruments for China Spallation Neutron Source

The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is the first accelerator-based multidiscipline user facility to produce pulsed neutrons by tungsten target under collision of a pulsed proton beam with a beam power of 100 kW at a repetition rate of 25 Hz.In this paper,we focus on the physical design of CSNS target station and neutron instruments.Under optimized design,the flat tungsten target and the compact target-moderator-reflector coupling enhance effective cold and thermal neutron output from moderators.Three wing-type moderators supply four different characteristics of neutrons to 19 beamlines primarily for neutron scattering applications.Layout of neutron instruments are conceptually planned for total 20 beamlines,the configuration and specification have been determined for three day-one neutron instruments.All designs are optimized for the Phase I of 100 kW with a upgradable capacity to 500 kW.     

Measurement of time-dependent CP-violating parameters in B(0)-->K_(S)(0)K_(S)(0) decays

We report a measurement of the CP-violating parameters in B;{0}-->K_{S}{0}K_{S}{0} decays based on a data sample of 657x10{6} BB[over ] pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e;{+}e{-} collider. In this Letter, one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in the B;{0}-->K_{S}{0}K_{S}{0} decay mode, and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified by its decay products. The CP-violating parameters are measured from the asymmetry in the distributions of the proper-time interval between the two B decays: S_K_{S}{0}K_{S}{0}}=-0.38_{-0.77}{+0.69}(stat)+/-0.09(syst) and A_{K_{S}{0}K_{S}{0}}=-0.38+/-0.38(stat)+/-0.05(syst).