Plasmonic coupler based on the nanoslit with bump

In this paper, we propose a plasmonic coupler which is composed of a nanoslit with a bump. The slit is used to generate surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and the bump is employed as a SPP reflector. It is found that the phase difference between the SPP propagating the opposite direction to the bump and the one reflected by the bump can be periodically adjusted by the distance between the center of slit and the bump. When the constructive interference between the two SPPs occurs, the proposed structure can be regarded as a undirectional plasmonic coupler. Moreover, we also find that the propagation of the interfering SPPs is influenced by the width and length of bump. It is expected that our results may be utilized to control the electromagnetic wave in subwavelength optics.     

One-atom-thick reflectors for surface plasmon polariton surface waves on graphene

Inspired by its analog from classic optics, we introduce one-atom-thick reflectors for infrared (IR) surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) surface waves based on graphene. Using numerical simulations, we first present the simple case of one-atom-thick straight-line mirror and then show how a one-atom-thick parabolic reflector (mirror) can be envisioned for focusing guided SPP waves on the graphene.     

金属-光折变材料复合全息结构对表面等离激元的波前调控

表面等离激元(surface plasmon polaritons, SPPs)控制具有重要意义.表面电磁波全息法是在金属表面设计能有效控制SPP传输的凹槽阵列结构.本文提出一种新的SPP传输的控制方法,利用金属-光折变材料复合全息结构控制SPP传播.在金属表面覆盖一层光折变材料,两束SPP波在光折变材料内干涉生成全息结构,利用此全息结构能够控制SPP的传播.通过时域有限差分法模拟验证,结果显示,通过金属-光折变材料复合全息结构可以有效地控制SPP波束的传输,实现SPP平面波束的单点聚焦、两点聚焦,以及生成零阶和一阶高斯SPP波束.经过优化发现,光折变材料的最佳厚度为3.3μm,最佳折射率调制度为0.06.现有SPP控制器件主要是通过离子束刻蚀,而金属-光折变材料复合全息结构不需要刻蚀,从而扩展了SPP控制的器件的制作方法,为SPPs的全光控制提供了新的思路,使SPP全光控制成为可能,进一步实现了SPP全光开关等功能.     

Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine with ellipsoidal reflector

Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional(2 D) non-splitting unstructured triangular mesh Euler solver based on the space-time conservation element and solution element(CE/SE) method is employed to simulate the flow field of a PDE.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the external flow field of the PDE. The effect of an ellipsoidal reflector on the flow field characteristic near the PDE exit is investigated. The formation process of reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock are reported in detail. An acoustic measurement system is established for the PDE acoustic testing. The experimental results show that the ellipsoidal reflector changes the sound waveform and directivity of PDE sound. The reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock result in two more positive pressure peaks in the sound waveform. The ellipsoidal reflector changes the directivity of PDE sound from 20 to 0. It is found that the peak sound pressure level(PSPL) and overall sound pressure level(OASPL) each obtain an increment when the PDE is installed with a reflector. The maximum relative increase ratio of PSPL and OASPL are obtained at the focus point F2, whose values are 6.1% and 6.84% respectively. The results of the duration of the PDE sound indicate that the reflecting and focusing wave generated by the reflector result in the increment of A duration and B duration before and near focus point F2. Results show that the ellipsoidal reflector has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound. The research is helpful for understanding the influence of an ellipsoidal reflector on the formation and propagation process of PDE sound.     

Resonant scattering of surface-plasmon polariton pulses by nanoscale metal defects

We have theoretically investigated the dynamics of the scattering of surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) pulses by single nanoscale metal defects through a rigorous calculation of the time dependence of the reflected and transmitted SPP and of the angular distribution of the scattered light. SPP resonances that occur at deep Gaussian grooves are probed with SPP pulses, the resonant scattering being unequivocally manifested by (a) the exponential tails of the scattered SPP and light pulses and (b) the delay time of the transmitted SPP pulse.     

Modeling of a surface plasmon polariton interferometer

We model the operation of a micro-optical interferometer for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that comprises an SPP beam-splitter formed by equivalent scatterers lined up and equally spaced. The numerical calculations are carried out by using a relatively simple vectorial dipolar model for multiple SPP scattering [Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 165405]. The SPP beam-splitter is simulated elucidating the influence of system parameters, such as the angle of SPP beam incidence, scattering particle size, and inter-particle distance, on the splitting efficiency and phase difference between the transmitted and reflected beams. It is found that the splitting efficiency is very sensitive to the size of scatterers and angle of incidence. Comparing our simulations with experimental data available in the literature, we conclude that this approach can be used, with certain limitations, for modelling of SPP components assembled of individual scatterers, e.g., beam-splitters and interferometers, and suggest further improvements of the model used.     

光子角动量在环形金属纳米孔异常透射过程中的作用

在环形凹槽包围环形金属纳米孔的异常透射器件的研究中,环形凹槽可以将携带光子角动量的入射光转化为涡旋表面等离极化激元,这些涡旋表面等离极化激元传向几何中心并与直接照射在环形纳米孔上的光子发生干涉,当相互干涉的光子满足相位匹配条件时,环形纳米孔的透射率得到显著增强.本文利用理论分析和数值计算的方法研究了光子角动量和凹槽半径对环形纳米孔透射过程的影响.我们发现调节环形凹槽的半径和入射光携带的光子角动量可以调节光子在金膜上表面传输时的径向传播相位,进而影响了环形纳米孔附近的干涉电场强度,最终决定了环形纳米孔的透射率,进而可以通过调节凹槽的半径来调节携带不同光子角动量的光束在环形纳米孔的透射率.本文的研究结果对基于涡旋表面等离极化激元的异常透射器件的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

金属光栅对表面等离子体波的辐射抑制研究

对金属光栅进行严格耦合波理论计算, 得到了780和1500 nm波长入射光条件下不同光栅调制深度(20-80 nm)对应的反射谱. 根据Fano理论推导了描述反射谱线的经验公式, 最后应用有限元法计算光栅表面近场电场分布, 验证了公式的正确性. 反射谱线公式反映出光栅耦合表面等离子体的各个物理效应, 其中最重要的是反映出光栅在某一调制深度下对表面等离子体反耦合的抑制作用, 这一发现为设计光栅能量约束器件提供了物理依据.     

一种新的USED CARS相位匹配实现技术

相位匹配是相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(CARS)测温的关键技术之一,针对现有非稳腔空间增强探测(USED)相位匹配方式中存在的背景辐射大、光路调试不灵活以及斯托克斯光利用率低的不足,提出了一种新的USED CARS相位匹配实现方案：即设计一个与斯托克斯光斑大小相当、呈45°斜角的斜反镜,用于反射全部斯托克斯光,并以斜反镜代替传统USED CARS中的环反镜,让泵浦光从斜反镜后方射入,从而形成USED相位匹配方式。新的USED CARS相位匹配方案中：由于斜反镜面积相对于环反镜大为减小,使得因反射而进入光路的背景辐射大幅降低;斜反镜本身可作为光路调节元件,因而增加了光路调试灵活度;斯托克斯光被斜反镜全部反射用于产生CARS信号,提高了其利用效率。基于平面火焰炉稳态火焰开展的测温实验结果表明：新的USED CARS相位匹配方案不但克服了传统USED CARS中存在的不足,而且具有更小的标准差,是一种更为有效的相位匹配方法。     

反射波测井的菲涅尔带效应

基于反射波的单井远探测是声波测井发展的一个重要里程碑,可以有效探测距离井数米到数十米的异常反射体如裂缝,极大提升了声波测井的径向探测距离,在碳酸盐岩缝洞储层勘探开发有重要的作用。本文系统考察了有限尺寸裂缝的反射强度与声源频率和反射体距离的变化特征。模拟结果表明,无论是单极子还是偶极子,反射波的幅度都呈现出菲涅尔带效应。在一定距离内,反射波幅度随裂缝某一方向如宽度增大而增大,当宽带增加一定尺寸后,反射波幅度有一定的程度下降,然后小幅震荡。总之,反射波幅度与反射体尺寸不是简单的正相关,因此,基于反射波能量来评价反射体体积和储量是有条件的。     

水下强声波脉冲负压的产生和空化气泡运动

首先利用高速摄影和压力传感器测量的方法, 对曲面反射式水下强声波脉冲的传播和聚焦过程进行了实验研究.实验研究发现, 椭球面反射罩在起到汇聚声能的作用的同时也将使得强声波脉冲在传播过程中形成负压区, 并由此而引发近场声传播通道上空化气泡群的产生. 在实验结果的基础上, 进一步利用基于Kirchhoff衍射定理的声传播模型和大振幅条件下的QX气泡运动方程, 对强声波脉冲负压区的形成原因及空化气泡的运动过程进行了数值计算和分析. 研究结果表明, 在焦前区, 源于反射罩内表面的"尾波"和出口处的"边缘波"在传播过程中将形成反射波中的负压区; 在焦后区, 源于反射罩顶点的"中心波"在传播过程中将形成反射波中的负压区. 在反射波作用下, 空化气泡体现出了"正压区受压缩并振荡, 负压区膨胀"的运动特点. 在反射波之后, 空化气泡将出现成长、坍缩和回弹等典型的物理过程. 研究结果对曲面反射式水下强声波传播物理规律的认识具有实际意义.     

猫眼谐振腔氦氖激光器理论分析

猫眼逆向器作为谐振腔镜与一个凹面镜构成猫眼激光谐振腔.精确计算了三种猫眼逆向器(即理想猫眼逆向器和两种存在误差的猫眼逆向器)的逆向平行反射性，并对应用这三种猫眼逆向器的谐振腔中高斯光束的各项参数进行了深入分析，得出结论：对于高斯光束，凸透镜的焦距、凹面镜曲率半径、凸透镜与凹面镜间距三者相等的猫眼逆向器为理想逆向器，其逆向平行反射性最好，此时猫眼谐振腔处于理想状态，基模模体积最大，远场发散角最小，稳定性最好；在猫眼谐振腔的设计中，要尽量减小猫眼逆向器中凸透镜的焦距，增大凹面输出镜的曲率半径；猫眼逆向器存在误差时谐振腔的各项性能将受到影响.为猫眼谐振腔激光器的设计提供了理论依据.     

物理光学法分析反射面天线辐射场

利用物理光学方法分析天线的远区辐射场具有计算速度快和内存需求少的特点,目前已被广泛应用于反射面天线的远区辐射场计算中。推导了利用斯特拉顿-朱兰成远场积分方程计算天线远区电场的表达式,计算了某一偏馈反射面天线的方向性,与文献中已有结果比较表明,方向图结果是正确的。馈源的方向图模型设置为余弦函数的q次方,利用增益公式近似推导了天线的增益,将这一计算方法应用于赋形反射面天线的远场分析中,通过对比反射面天线赋形前后波束扫描过程中不同扫描角度处的方向图,验证了赋形设计对于提高天线增益平坦度的有效性。     

Chaos mirror for free-space links

We propose a novel reflector, called a chaos mirror, designed by use of the principles of chaotic reflection. A feature of the reflector is that it converts a one-dimensional spread of incident rays into a two-dimensional spread of reflected rays. This can be useful for making free-space optical beam links by sweeping a transmission beam in only one dimension.     

一维金属光栅的光学反射吸收

利用RCWA(rigid coupled-wave analysis)方法研究了一维金属光栅的反射特性,考察了 瑞利反常、表面等离激元驻波共振和几何共振三种共振吸收机理,分析了这三种机理的相互作用,如表面等离激元驻波共振和几何共振可以形成混合模式. 在反射式复合金属光栅中,确认了第四种共振形式,即相位共振. 数值计算表明相位共振对光学吸收的影响有两种形式: 当光栅周期大于一个波长时,相位共振导致尖锐的吸收峰,峰位在几何共振吸收峰一侧;当光栅周期小于一个波长时,相位共振导致混合模式的共振吸收峰发生劈裂. 对一维金属光栅反射特性的研究增加了对金属光栅共振吸收模式及其相互作用的认识. 关键词： 一维金属光栅 瑞利反常 表面等离激元 相位共振     

A computer model for simulating reflected ultrasound signals

This letter describes a model for simulating an ultrasound signal reflected from a medium composed of randomly distributed scatterers, as typified by soft biological tissue, such as liver. The model is specified in terms of the effective transducer beam radius B and the mean scatterer spacing S. The novel feature of the model is that the transducer field is partitioned by packing cylinders, called microbeams, into concentric annular regions that lie parallel to the transducer axis. The radii of the microbeams and the annuli are related to S. An independent reflector sequence is generated for each microbeam, the microbeam sequences in each annulus are summed and convolved with the impulse response of a point reflector. The reflected waveform sequence is then generated by summing the annular contributions and convolving with a band-limited pulse waveform. Simulated signals were generated for different values of B and S and compared with actual signals reflected from two in vivo livers and a tissue-equivalent phantom. Estimates of the kurtosis for the simulated signals indicate the range of signals that can be generated by varying the values for S and B.     

一种设计环形汇聚光栅反射镜的新方法

提出了一种利用数学变换来快速设计环形汇聚光栅反射镜的方法.通过分析具体的物理场景,抽象出已有条形汇聚光栅的"线"汇聚特性与所要设计的"点"汇聚特性在数学上对应的变换关系,然后用该数学变换对条形汇聚光栅进行外形上的变换,外形变换后的条形光栅即为可以实现"点"汇聚的环形光栅.用有限元算法对设计的环形汇聚光栅进行仿真,仿真证明采用该方法设计的环形光栅可以很好地实现高反、高汇聚.采用这一方法,设计了直径为29.788μm的环形光栅反射镜,当垂直入射的径向偏振光从设计的环形光栅表面反射回来后将发生汇聚,汇聚焦点位于环形光栅表面10μm处.经计算,反射镜的数值孔径为0.8302,反射率为0.9163,在焦点所在的汇聚面上,汇聚光栅电场分布的半高宽为1.5548μm.     

基于PMD的反射镜面检测实验分析

将相位测量偏折术应用于非球面反射镜面形检测,并对实验检测结果的中高频误差进行了分析研究。计算机产生正弦性条纹图,并且显示在薄膜场效应晶体管显示屏上。摄像机通过被测反射镜观察并拍摄显示屏上的条纹图。利用相移技术和相位展开技术计算得到相位分布。以相位信息为载体对光线进行追迹,并根据反射定律得到面形梯度分布,由数值积分重建面形分布。最后使用泽尼克多项式拟合分析了其中高频误差。     

Penumbra lunar eclipse observations reveal anomalous thermal performance of Lunakhod 2 reflectors

As the signal reflected by the corner-cube reflector arrays is very weak and easily submerged during the full moon, we analyze the influence of the thermal effect of corner-cube reflector arrays on the intensity of lunar laser ranging echo. Laser ranging measurements during the penumbra lunar eclipse verify suspected thermal deformation in the Lunakhod 2 reflectors. Signal levels vary over two orders of magnitude as the penumbra eclipse progresses. This can be explained by the change in the dihedral angle of the corner-cube reflectors caused by the temperature. The results show that when the dihedral angle errors reach 1', the energy is reduced by 100 times compared with the ideal corner-cube reflector. In the experiment, our findings suggest that when the corner-cube reflector arrays enter the penumbra of the earth, the effective echo signal level which reaches 0.18 photons/s far exceeds the historical level of the full moon. However, 11 minutes after the penumbra lunar eclipse, the effective echo rate of Lunakhod 2 will drop two orders of magnitude. The mechanism can explain the acute signal deficit observed at full moon.     

聚心火焰在共振腔作用下引发爆轰的数值研究

 基于带化学反应的二维轴对称Euler方程，利用带有Superbee限制函数的波传播算法，对共振腔中的氢气-空气预混气的聚心燃烧进行了数值模拟，讨论了共振腔不同抛物面对起爆的影响。数值结果表明，在开始阶段，燃烧诱导的激波在轴心、火焰和固壁的反射，使火焰失稳，随后共振腔中的抛物壁面上产生一定频率和强度的反射激波，不断穿越火焰，使火焰进一步失稳，加剧了燃烧速度，最终导致爆轰的形成。同时，火焰在与激波的作用过程中，形状扭曲变形，呈封闭端小敞口端大的扁平头部蘑菇云。共振腔抛物面的不同形状引起激波聚焦位置的变化，会影响激波和火焰的相互作用，使起爆提前或推迟，甚至不起爆。