Cs取代对Ni-H3PW12O40/SiO2催化剂结构性质和催化性能的影响

采用两步浸渍法和载体上的原位反应制备了一系列Cs部分取代的Ni-Cs_xH_3-xPW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂催化剂,并用N₂吸附比表面积测定(BET)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、原位X射线衍射(in situ XRD)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、H₂程序升温脱附(H₂-TPD)、吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等分析测试技术对催化剂进行了表征. 以正癸烷为模型化合物,对催化剂的加氢裂化性能进行了评价. 结果表明,8%Ni-50%Cs_1.5H_1.5PW/SiO₂催化剂具有最高的C₅₊收率,明显优于8%Ni-50%H₃PW/SiO₂催化剂和工业催化剂. 随着Cs 在Cs_xH_3-xPW中比例的增加,正癸烷的转化率逐渐降低,而C₅₊选择性则逐渐提高. 当催化剂具有合适的孔径时,选择性的提高是由于催化剂酸性的减弱,而转化率的降低则是由于催化剂加氢能力的减弱.     

A simple conversion of azlactones into indenones via H3PW12O40/Al2O3 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction

A rapid and simple procedure for the synthesis of the indenone derivatives, N-(1-oxo-1H-inden-2-yl)benzamides, via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts (IFC) reaction of (Z)-4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4)-oxazolones (azlactones) catalyzed by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ supported on neutral alumina under microwave irradiation has been developed. The reaction is straightforward and allows easy isolation of the product. The catalyst could be re-used up to four times after simple filtration.     

不同方法制备的磷钨杂多酸功能化3DOM-SiO2材料性能研究

磷钨杂多酸功能化的 3DOM-SiO₂ 材料以直接浸渍和溶胶凝胶-胶晶膜板法制备，后一方法的模板去除分别采用了溶剂萃取和高温煅烧工艺。通过 SEM、TEM、BET、EDXS测试，考察了大孔材料的孔结构特征及孔壁组成，所制备大孔材料均显示了良好的三维规整性，尤其是煅烧样品，它不但孔结构优异，且孔壁粒子堆积致密、比表面积较大，强度较高。XRD、FTIR 表征显示以溶胶凝胶法制备的样品中，杂多酸与载体间存在的化学作用，导致杂多酸特征峰发生一定的位移，但仍保持杂多酸Keggin结构。吡啶吸附表明所得样品均存在B酸中心，并以苯和十二烯的烷基化催化反应表征了所得样品的催化活性及再使用性，结果显示所有样品均具有良好的催化活性，按单位杂多酸计算，浸渍样品催化活性最高，但杂多酸易脱落，再使用性差；煅烧样品具有最佳的催化活性和再使用性。     

Direct reductive amination and selective 1,2-reduction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones by NaBH4 using H3PW12O40 as catalyst

A simple and convenient procedure for direct reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with sodium borohydride is described. The reaction has been carried out in methanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (0.5 mol %). α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes and ketones can be easily converted into the corresponding allyl alcohols by reaction with H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (0.5 mol %)/NaBH₄.     

采用溶胶-凝胶-溶剂热路径合成H3PW12O40/TiO2和H4SiW12O40/TiO2 及其光催化降解二硝基甲苯

以非离子表面活性剂P123为结构导向剂,采用溶胶-凝胶与溶解热相结合方法,制备了两类介孔材料H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂和H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂,并对其进行了表征.?X射线粉末衍射和拉曼光谱分析表明,所制催化剂为锐钛矿晶型,体系中H₃PW₁₂O₄₀和H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀的Keggin结构经400?℃焙烧后仍保持完整.?H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂和H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂的平均粒径分别为15.49和7.75?nm.?N₂吸附-脱附和扫描电镜结果表明,P123的加入使催化剂的粒径减小,比表面积和孔体积明显增大,其中H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂和H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀/TiO₂的比表面积分别高达252.2和250.0?m²/g.?紫外漫反射吸收光谱表明,与纯TiO₂相比,复合催化剂的吸收光谱发生了明显的红移,且吸收强度明显增大.?催化剂对DNT降解实验表明,在最佳操作条件下降解率可高达95%.?     

Photocatalytic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds catalyzed by H3PW12O40/SiO2 under an O2 atmosphere

An efficient, selective and green procedure for the photocatalytic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones has been achieved using silica-encapsulated H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ as a recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst in acetonitrile under oxygen gas as the sole reoxidant of the catalyst.     

双帽Keggin型杂多阴离子[H4As3Mo12O40]-和Keggin型杂多酸H3PM12O40 (M＝Mo, W)质子化的DFT研究

选用B3LYP方法在LanL2MB水平下, 对双帽α-Keggin型杂多阴离子[H₄As₃Mo₁₂O₄₀]^-的电子结构和质子的定位进行了密度泛函理论(DFT)研究. 结果表明, 双帽的形成大大影响了杂多阴离子[As₃Mo₁₂O₄₀]^5－的电子结构和性质, NBO分析显示参与成帽的三桥氧上的电子密度比双桥氧上的要大, 简单地从电荷密度来看, 质子将首先在三桥氧上定域成键, 但通过比较质子定域在几种桥氧上质子化稳定化能的大小, 发现[H₄As₃Mo₁₂O₄₀]^-中的四个质子将在八个双桥氧中的其中四个氧原子上定位, 而不是如文献中报道的在四个三桥氧上定域成键. 对杂多酸H₃PM₁₂O₄₀ (M＝Mo, W)中质子的定位也进行了理论计算并与文献进行了比较, 结果显示, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀中质子是定位在双桥氧上; 而H₃PW₁₂O₄₀中质子将优先在双桥氧上定位, 但也可在端氧上定位; 这一结果与文献报道的相一致.     

N-tert-Butoxycarbonylation of amines using H3PW12O40 as an efficient heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst

The commercially available heteropoly acid H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (0.5 mol %) is a very efficient and environmentally benign catalyst for N-tert-butoxycarbonylation of amines (primary, secondary) with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate at room temperature in short reaction times (<10 min). No competitive side products such as isocyanates, ureas, N,N-di-tert-butoxycarbonyls, O-Boc and oxazolidinones were observed. Chiral α-amino alcohols and esters afforded the corresponding N-Boc derivatives chemoselectively in excellent yields.     

Comparison of H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40 heteropolyacids supported on silica by H MAS NMR

The H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacids supported on silica were studied by ¹H MAS NMR as a function of both the coverage and the dehydroxylation temperature. The signal at ca. 8 ppm attributed to the highly acidic protons of the anhydrous form of the heteropolyacid was never observed in the case of the phosphotungstic polyanion supported on silica while it was clearly present in the case of the silicotungstic species. These results explain the different activities of the two supported heteropolyacids in acid reactions involving strong acid sites. To cite this article: A. Thomas et al., C. R. Chimie 8 (2005).     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves and Pt/H3PW12O40/Zr-MCM-41 catalysts

For the first time, modifications of the surface and framework of Si-MCM-41 by depositing a heteropolyacid on the surface and by introducing foreign Zr⁴⁺ ions into the framework are investigated. The Zr-modified Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials (hereafter referred as WSZn, n=Si/Zr=25, 15, 8, 4) were synthesized through a surfactant-templated preparation approach, using low-cost fumed silica as the Si precursor. After impregnation with 25 wt% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, the surface Brönsted acidity of the Pt/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/WSZn catalysts was greatly enhanced by 2-10 times relative to the bare WSZn support. Two kinds of supported heteropolyacids were formed: (i) bulk-like heteropolyacid crystals with unchanged Keggin structures, and (ii) highly dispersed heteropolyacid with distorted Keggin units. The formation of various kinds of heteropolyacid structures is closely related to the interaction between the heteropolyanions and the hydroxyl groups in the host support.     

Study of the acidity of H3PW12O40 supported on activated carbon by microcalorimetry and methanol dehydration reaction

H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/activated carbon catalysts have been studied by microcalorimetry and by the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. It has been shown that the acidity of the polyacid is greatly reduced upon grafting on activated carbon. The decrease is so high that, at low polyanion loadings, the catalysts are relatively inactive in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether.     

Hydroisomerization of n-heptane over bimetal-bearing H3PW12O40 catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite

The bimetal-bearing (CePt or LaPt) 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (PW)) catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite (DUSY) were prepared by impregnation and characterized by XRD, BET, IR, and H₂-chemisorption. Their catalytic activities were tested in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with a continuous atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. After the steam treatment combined with the acid leaching, as well as the supporting with PW and the bimetals, the DUSY support retains the Y zeolite porosity and the PW well keeps its Keggin structure in catalysts. The doping of Ce into the catalysts enhances the dispersion of Pt on the catalyst surface. The Pt-bearing PW catalysts doped with Ce or La, especially Ce, exhibit much higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the catalysts without dopants at lowered reaction temperatures. At the optimal reaction conditions, i.e., the reaction temperature of 250°C and WHSV of 1.4 h⁻¹, the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.4%, PW loading of 10% and a molar ratio of Ce to Pt of 15:1 shows a conversion of n-heptane of 70.3% with a high selectivity for isomerization products of 94.1%. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20306011 and 20476046), the Ph. D. Program Foundation of Chinese University (20040291002), and the Ph. D. innovation Program Foundation of Nanjing University of Technology (BSCX200506)     

三维有序大孔H3PW12O40-SiO2功能材料的制备、表征及催化性能研究

以杂多酸 H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (PW₁₂)与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)混合溶胶, 采用胶晶模板法结合煅烧去除模板工艺, 成功地制备了PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比在1/10～1/40之间的三维有序大孔(3DOM) PW₁₂-SiO₂催化剂. 经SEM, N₂吸附, XRD和FTIR等研究表明, PW₁₂含量较低的样品, 大孔结构三维规整性十分好. 在410 ℃氧化分解胶晶的条件下, PW₁₂基本保持一级Keggin结构. PW₁₂在样品中以分子簇或微晶存在, 其大小随含量增加而增大. PW₁₂高含量时, 其含氧键的FTIR振动与纯PW₁₂的基本一致, 但低含量时含氧键振动有一定偏移, 显示PW₁₂/SiO₂相互作用较显著. 样品酸性随杂多酸含量增加而增加, 但PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比超过1/30时酸性便减小, 呈火山型曲线变化规律. 对1-十二烯烷基化反应的催化活性随PW₁₂/SiO₂物质的量比的变化与酸性变化有相同的规律. 但所有样品的催化反应活性均远高于纯PW₁₂, 并且有良好的重复使用性能, 使用4次后仍保持新鲜催化剂活性的78%.     

（TEAH）nH3-nPW12O40催化苯甲醇选择氧化及其反应机理

以Keggin结构的磷钨酸和三乙胺（TEA）为原料,通过简单的酸碱反应合成了磷钨酸的TEA盐.并以它们为催化剂,考察了以H₂O₂为氧化剂、以水为溶剂的体系中苯甲醇选择氧化制备苯甲醛的反应性能.结果表明,（TEAH）_nH_3-nPW₁₂O₄₀（n=1,2,3）系列催化剂对苯甲醇的选择氧化反应有很高的活性和选择性,且可被分离和循环使用.在适宜的反应条件下,最佳催化剂（TEAH）H₂PW₁₂O₄₀上,苯甲醇的转化率可达99.6%,苯甲醛的选择性为100%.还采用IR,³¹PNMR谱和元素分析技术,对催化剂和反应过程中催化剂物种的转化和分布进行了考察,进而导出了反应机理.在这个水--油两相反应中,（PW₁₂O₄₀）^3-首先在H₂O₂的作用下,氧化降解为溶于水的小分子过氧物种（PO₄（WO（O₂）₂）₄）^3-和自由W物种.（PO₄（WO（O₂）₂）₄）^3-是真正的活性物种,可将部份溶于水层的苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛,自身转变为失去活性氧的反应后物种（SAR）.而SAR又可与自由W物种一起聚合为前驱体状态的（PW₁₂O₄₀）^3-,完成催化循环.     

Fabrication of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 three-dimensional ordered film by colloidal crystal template

A three-dimensional ordered polyoxometalate periodic film was synthesized using dodecatungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and Cs₂CO₃ as precursors and colloidal crystals as templates by an inverse opal method. The samples were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, IR spectra, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DR-UV-Vis) and SEM techniques. This arrayed film constructed by pure cesium salt of dodecatungstophosphoric acid Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ nanoparticles shows well-defined lamellar array with inverse opal structure, which exhibits a well-defined photonic band gap.     

Heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40) supported MCM-41: An efficient solid acid catalyst for the green synthesis of xanthenedione derivatives

HPWA/MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves of appropriate ratios were prepared by loading HPWA on siliceous MCM-41 by the wet impregnation method. The prepared HPWA/MCM-41 materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and BET surface area and FT-IR measurements. The morphology of mesoporous materials was studied by TEM observation. The catalytic activity of the above materials was tested for the condensation of dimedone (active methylene carbonyl compound) and various aromatic aldehyes under liquid phase conditions at 90 °C. The products were confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR studies. HPWA supported MCM-41 catalysts catalyses efficiently the condensation of dimedone and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol and other solvents under liquid phase conditions to afford the corresponding xanthenedione derivatives. Activities of the catalysts follow the order: HPWA/MCM-41(20 wt.%) > HPWA/MCM-41(30 wt.%) > H₃PW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O > HPWA/MCM-41(10 wt.%) > HPWA/SiO₂ (20 wt.%) > HM (12) > Hβ (8) > Al-MCM-41 (50). Various advantages associated with these protocols include simple workup procedure, short reaction times, high product yields and easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Oxidation of isobutane catalyzed by vanadyl, copper and cesium substituted H3PMo12O40

Effects of Cs⁺, H⁺ and Cu²⁺ counterions in the vanadium containing heteropoly compounds Cs_xH_1-xVO[PMo₁₂O₄₀] and Cs_yH_0.5-yCu_0.25VO[PMo₁₂O₄₀] on the catalytic oxidation of isobutane and characterization by TGA, IR and ESR spectroscopies are reported. A high selectivity of 76% for methacrylic acid and methacrolein together has been obtained with Cs_0.75H_0.25VO[PMo₁₂O₄₀] catalysts at a reactivity of 5.3x10^-1 mmol/h cm³.     

Dodecatungestophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40) as a solid green BrØnsted acid catalyzes high yielding and efficient trimethylcyanosylilation reactions of aldehydes and ketones by trimethylsilyl cyanide

An efficient solvent-free method is described for the addition of TMSCN to carbonyl groups employing dodecatungestophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) as a heterogeneous and environmentally benign catalyst. By this method, aromatic, aliphatic, cyclic and heterocyclic aldehydes and ketones are converted into their corresponding cyanotrimethylsilyl ethers in excellent yields (89-98%) in short reaction times (<10 min).     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.