新型非对称Y分支波导设计与分析

非对称型Y分支波导是用于实现分支波导光功率非均分输出的重要单元器件,在集成光子器件中有广泛应用.基于全内反射原理,提出了一种新型非对称Y分支波导,通过将左右分支波导相对于输入波导在横向方向上进行偏移以实现特定分束比光输出,并对其光学特性进行模拟分析.结果表明,该波导结构不仅能实现任意特定分束比光输出,在分支角达到14°条件下其输出损耗仅为0.417 dB,而且偏振依赖性低、工艺制作难度小,这种新型非对称Y分支波导在集成光子器件中具有重要应用意义.     

基于热膨胀效应的可调光功率分束器设计

可调光功率分束器是集成光子系统中的重要功能器件,其光功率输出具有动态可调控特性,诸多光子系统对其有着广泛需求.本文基于空隙槽型Y分支波导结构,利用热膨胀效应,提出了一种新型可调光功率分束器实现方法,通过调控温度来改变分支处空隙槽的宽度,以实现其分支波导的光功率输出的动态变化.采用有限元方法,对其热膨胀形变和光学性能进行了模拟分析.其模拟结果表明,该器件能实现大范围光分束调控,且对波长和偏振态依赖性低;同时,该器件具有结构简单、易于设计和制作、易于调控等优点,这种新型器件在各种光子系统中具有重要应用前景.     

纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导和光增强

使用近场光学显微术(scanning near-field optical microscopy, SNOM)研究了ZnO亚微米线端面出射性质,不同空间形貌Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体荧光器件光波导特性,二维光子晶体、准晶光子晶体对LED的出射增强作用以及表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)与半导体纳米荧光器件的相互作用,对纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导、光增强三个重要问题做了实验和理论上的分析.研究发现半导体微纳米线端面出射光束的质量与样品的直径有密切关系.通过合理地设计其直径和 关键词： 纳米集成光路 扫描近场光学显微术 光波导 光增强     

基于同心纳米圆环谐振腔的MIM波导的PIA特性研究

本文设计了一种基于同心纳米圆环谐振腔的金属-介质-金属(MIM)表面等离子体光波导(SPW),其中外侧是一个完整的环形谐振腔,而内侧环形谐振腔带有一个微小缺口。利用数值和解析方法分析了不同几何参数下的传输特性。可以发现,当缺口宽度θ=5°,位置φ=45°时,会在波长674nm处产生明显的等离子体诱导吸收(Plasmonic Induced Absorption,PIA)现象。基于此,首先研究了该结构在折射率传感器方面的应用,研究结果表明,其灵敏度超过600nm/RIU,最大品质因子约为700。其次研究了其快光和慢光特性,在PIA传输谷处会产生约-0.081ps的光学延迟,意味着较大的异常色散和快光效应,而在PIA传输谷两侧的传输峰处会分别产生约为0.045ps和0.043ps的光学延迟,意味着较大的正常色散和慢光效应。这种表面等离子体光波导结构在折射率传感器、纳米滤波器、光开关和片上纳米光学器件集成等领域有一定的应用前景。     

小型铌酸锂多功能集成光学器件

为满足小型光纤陀螺对光学器件小体积的要求,对铌酸锂多功能集成光学小型化器件的结构做了分析和优化设计。采用BPM软件分析了Y形分支波导的S形波导损耗与弯曲长度及折射率差的关系。通过调整退火质子交换的工艺参数,增加了波导对光的束缚能力;降低了小型化芯片上S形波导的弯曲损耗;去掉了原有Y形波导的输出端直波导,直接由S形弯曲波导引至输出端,在更短的芯片上得到了更长的弯曲过渡区。设计制作的芯片长度由常规的20 mm减至12.5 mm,封装后的器件长度减小到20 mm,为目前同类常规器件尺寸的2/3。设计制作的器件插入损耗典型值小于2.5 dB,全温损耗变化量小于0.2 dB。     

基于道格拉斯格式的宽角有限差分光束传播法分析大角度交叉波导

交叉波导是集成光学中的一种重要的器件单元，针对大角度交叉波导的结构及折射率分布，运用基于广义道格拉斯算子的宽角多步有限差分光束传播法模拟大角度交叉波导的传输特性，数值计算出波导中的光场的分布。与Crank-Nicholson格式的有限差分光束传播法相比，该算法在几乎不增加计算时间和计算机内存资源的情况下，结合了广义道格拉斯格式的有限差分光束传播法截断误差小[只有o(△x)^4]和宽角多步法所具有较高精度的优点，是光波导器件理想的数值模拟工具。在此基础上计算分析了大角度交叉波导的输出分支波导的能量与交叉角度的关系，以及交叉角度对波导间能量耦合的影响。这为实际的设计制作光器件的工作提供了极好的基础。     

聚合物Y分支脊形波导的单模条件

有机聚合物光波导近年来成为研究的热点,它为实现下一代的光电集成回路提供了另外一种选择。它所具有的一系列优点如下:(1)与传统的材料相比,有机聚合物光波导容易在各种衬底上制作,其制作成本也得以降低,并且使得与有源器件如激光器、调制器、探测器的单片集成成为可能;(2)有机聚合物波导材料的折射率可以进行调整以满足耦合损耗和弯曲损耗的折中选择;(3)此外,有机聚合物的热光系数比SiO₂大一个数量级,而其导热系数却比SiO₂和Si小得多。有机聚合物Y分支是强度调制器和光开关等器件的重要组成。光波导器件在和单模光纤一起使用时要求其实现单模传输,这样可以减少耦合损耗。利用变分有效折射率法计算了聚合物Y分支脊形波导的光场分布。变分有效折射率法是变分法(VM)和有效折射率法(EIM)的结合,它结合了两种方法各自的优点,能够很精确地模拟光场分布情况。利用变分有效折射率法验证了满足单模传输的脊形波导结构参数:芯层厚度为1.5μm,脊高为0.2μm,脊宽为5μm。     

带有T型腔的MIM波导的法诺共振特性研究

设计了一种带有枝节的金属-介质-金属(MIM)波导与T型谐振腔侧耦合的表面等离子体光波导结构。利用有限元法(FEM),数值分析了改变耦合距离、T型腔几何尺寸及其不对称性、枝节高度对法诺(Fano)共振谱线的影响。结合电磁场分布进一步揭示了Fano共振现象产生的物理机理,由此可以动态调节表面等离子体波在结构中传输时产生的Fano共振特性。另外,研究表明在T型腔内填充不同折射率的材料,利用所设计的波导结构可以实现灵敏度高达940nm/RIU的纳米尺度的折射率传感器。最后研究了结构的慢光传输特性,可以在Fano峰值附近实现约0.025ps的光学延迟。这种新型的表面等离子体光波导可能会在光子器件集成、慢光效应及纳米传感领域有着较大的应用前景。     

4通道交叉型二氧化硅光波导延迟线阵列的设计与制备

设计并制备了一种高集成度、低成本、低损耗4通道交叉型二氧化硅光波导延迟线阵列。利用BPM软件对交叉结构光波导延迟线的Y分支的损耗、弯曲损耗进行数值模拟。综合考虑器件尺寸和损耗参数,设计交叉型延迟线结构的弯曲半径最小为1 500 μm,引入优化的锥口Y分支结构和垂直相交波导结构。采用标准半导体制作工艺制备器件,测试得到了器件的红外输出光斑,延迟线延迟时间分别为0、113、226和339 ps。4通道二氧化硅延迟线阵列能实现相邻通道相等的延迟时间间隔,且可通过集成实现延迟时间的增加,同时输出端可以与光纤阵列集成。     

聚合物Mach-Zehnder脊形波导的优化设计

 利用变分有效折射率法计算了TE基模和高阶模的光场分布,计算结果表明,该方法计算量小,精度高,为聚合物集成光电子器件中脊形光波导的理论分析与优化设计提供了简单高效的途径。利用有限差分束传播法对Mach-Zehnder波导的传播及损耗特性进行了理论分析,得到了不同Y分支角、波导宽度、波导间距时波导传输功率与距离的关系,优化得到的结构参数为：Y分支角1.1°,脊宽5 μm,波导间距20 μm。     

BPM Simulation and Comparison of 1 × 2 Directional Waveguide Coupling and Y-Junction Coupling Silicon-on-Insulator Optical Couplers

For developing large area opto-electronic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, the optical coupler is a basic key device. In this article, the authors design and simulate 1 2 2 directional waveguide coupling and Y-branch coupling optical couplers based on Unibond SOI rib waveguides. The beam propagation method (BPM) is used for light propagation analysis. The simulation results and comparisons of the two kinds of optical couplers are reported. The S-bend waveguide for attaching to the two kinds of SOI optical coupler is also analyzed by BPM. We find that the directional coupler has lower power loss, but the Y-junction coupler is more wavelength insensitive with the same device size and splitting angle. The fabrication tolerance analysis shows Y-junction coupler has better fabrication characteristics.     

The Novel Y-Branch With Two Reflectors

A novel Y-branch waveguide with two reflectors is proposed. The normalized transmitted power for the branching angle of 50°is greater than 70%, which is higher than conventional Y-branch with such wide angle.     

质子交换Y分支光波导弯曲损耗研究

对采用退火质子交换技术(APE)制备的具有正弦型弯曲和余弦型弯曲两种不同的S型弯曲的Y分支光波导,利用宽角有限差分光束传播法,就过渡区长度、波导表面折射率增量、掩模版开口宽度等对波导弯曲损耗的影响进行了研究。结果表明,两种S弯曲下的Y分支波导的弯曲损耗,随波导结构参数的变化基本上是相同的,但二者的表现并不完全一致。数值计算结果为相应波导器件的设计和制备提供了一定的参考。     

Optical coding scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion using asymmetrical Y-branch waveguide

The novel optical coding scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion has been proposed, in which asymmetrical Y-branch waveguide structures have been introduced to achieve the desired optical power splitting. The optical performance has been simulated by using finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM), which shows that the designed component exhibits good coding performance. Experimentally, the optical coding component has been fabricated and measured. The optical power contrast between bit code 1 and 0 at output port is more than 37 dB, and measured imbalance of output power is less than 1.5 dB for bit code 1.     

Design and analysis of a novel tunable optical power splitter

A novel tunable optical power splitter,with a Y-branch waveguide based on the total internal reflection and a microprism with tunable index refraction,is presented.Numerical simulation of its optical performance shows that a high dynamic range,low optical loss,and relatively low wavelength-dependence can be achieved.This component offers numerous advantages such as ease for fabrication,low cost,and compact size,which are very useful for potential application in integrated optical devices.     

Wide-angle low-loss waveguide branching for integrated optics

A new wide-angle, low-loss, symmetrical Y-branch waveguide is proposed. The waveguide configuration utilizes ribs for lateral confinement in the planar guiding region underneath. This Y-branch structure can be fabricated easily without an additional process step. Together with a utilization of the multimode interference effect, a local decrease of the waveguide ridge in the wedge part of the Y-branch reduces the radiation loss. When proper@ designed, the proposed Y-branch has a radiation loss as low as 2.2 dB at a branch angle of 6° with the index difference (Δn/n) as small as 7.1 × 10^-4 at a wavelength of 870 nm in the TE fundamental mode as compared to 12.6 dB for a conventional Y-branch. The proposed method yields corresponding advantages for waveguide designs with a higher Δn/n ratio and can also be adapted in combination with S-branch designs.     

Fabrication of 1×2 asymmetric plastic optical fiber coupler for portable optical access-card system

We proposed a simple low-cost acrylic and metal-based Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) splitter which utilizes a low cost optical polymer glue NOA63 as the main waveguiding medium at the waveguide taper region. The device is composed of three sections: an input POF waveguide, a middle waveguide taper region and output POF waveguides. A desktop high speed CNC engraver is utilized to produce the mold inserts used for the optical devices. Short POF fibers are inserted into the engraved slots at the input and output ports. UV curable optical polymer glue NOA63 is injected into the waveguide taper region and cured. The assembling is completed when the top plate is positioned to enclose the device structure and connecting screws are secured. Both POF splitters have an average insertion loss of 7.8 dB, coupling ratio of 55: 45 and 57: 43 for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively. The devices have excess loss of 4.82 and 4.73 dB for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively.     

Acrylic and metal based Y-branch plastic optical fiber splitter with optical NOA63 polymer waveguide taper region

We proposed a simple low-cost acrylic and metal-based Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) splitter which utilizes a low cost optical polymer glue NOA63 as the main waveguiding medium at the waveguide taper region. The device is composed of three sections: an input POF waveguide, a middle waveguide taper region and output POF waveguides. A desktop high speed CNC engraver is utilized to produce the mold inserts used for the optical devices. Short POF fibers are inserted into the engraved slots at the input and output ports. UV curable optical polymer glue NOA63 is injected into the waveguide taper region and cured. The assembling is completed when the top plate is positioned to enclose the device structure and connecting screws are secured. Both POF splitters have an average insertion loss of 7.8 dB, coupling ratio of 55: 45 and 57: 43 for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively. The devices have excess loss of 4.82 and 4.73 dB for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively.     

A novel Y-branch waveguide for power dividing and mode splitting

A novel Y-branch waveguide for variable-ratio power dividing and transverse electrical-transverse magnetic (TE-TM) mode splitting depending on the applied voltage is presented. The Y-branch waveguide is formed by two closely coupled waveguides tabricated by nickel indiffusion (NI) and by magnesium-oxide induced lithium outdiffusion (MILO) in a y-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) substrate. The TE component of the randomly polarized light is tuned between these two waveguides, such that the device can be either a power divider or a mode splitter depending on the applied voltage. The measured TE mode extinction ratio is about 20 dB.