重力对~(87)Rb冷原子四极磁阱装载的影响

文章研究了重力作用下对磁光阱中~(87)Rb原子进行偏振梯度冷却后重新四极磁阱俘获的影响。研究了竖直放置四极线圈和水平放置四极线圈两种情形下,重力对原子偏振梯度冷却后四极磁阱重新俘获过程的作用,通过原子自由飞行吸收成像,观测到了原子的振荡。分析计算了~(87)Rb原子|2,2〉态补偿重力时所需的磁场梯度B′,探究了磁场参数对于振荡现象的影响,从而选择了水平放置磁场线圈的方法,提高了原子偏振梯度冷却后四极磁阱的装载效率。     

磁光阱中单原子荧光信号的优化及单原子的高效装载

实验中首先通过增大四极磁场梯度、提高背景真空度、缩小冷却俘获激光光束直径的方法获得了磁光阱中单原子的装载.其次,通过减小冷却光失谐量、适当增加其光强、同时使用偏振光谱锁频技术抑制冷却光噪声的方法得到了磁光阱中高信号背景比的单原子荧光信号.此外,通过实时反馈控制磁光阱四极磁场梯度的方法,在实验中实现了单原子98%的装载概率.使用Hamburg Brown-Twiss方案测量了磁光阱中的单原子在连续光激发下所辐射荧光的光子统计特性,得到二阶关联度g(2)(τ=0)=0.09.     

实现玻色-费米混合气体量子简并的四极Ioffe组合磁阱设计

四极Ioffe组合磁阱(QUIC磁阱)是由一对四极线圈和一个Ioffe线圈组合构成的一种Ioffe-Pritchard磁阱,它已广泛应用在囚禁中性原子和实现蒸发冷却原子的实验中.设计了两种不同结构的四极线圈和Ioffe线圈,并对其进行了相应的数值模拟和测试.通过比较获得了一种参数优化的QUIC磁阱,这为QUIC磁阱线圈的优化设计提供了参考.最后在优化的QUIC磁阱中,采用射频蒸发冷却俘获⁸⁷Rb原子,实现了⁸⁷Rb原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚,同时采用“共同冷却 关键词： 四极线圈 Ioffe线圈 四极Ioffe线圈组合磁阱 原子冷却     

中性汞原子磁光阱装载率的优化

量子投影噪声是影响光晶格钟的一个重要参数,提高磁光阱中装载率有利于降低量子投影噪声,可提升光晶格钟的性能.针对实验所用的汞原子单腔磁光阱,本文分析并计算了磁光阱中汞原子受力情况和一维运动规律,在此基础上用随机数方法对磁光阱中汞原子三维装载进行了数值计算,获得了磁光阱中的稳态原子数,研究了磁光阱的冷却激光的光强、失谐量以及磁场梯度等参数对稳态原子数的影响,得出了获得最优装载率的实验参数.涉及的计算方法和结论对汞原子光晶格钟的实验设计具有参考价值.     

光致原子解吸附对冷原子磁光阱装载的动力学研究

在获得光致原子解吸附(light-induced atom desorption,LIAD)效应的基础上,从理论和实验方面分析了LIAD对铯原子磁光阱装载的动力学过程的影响,特别是背景原子对磁光阱的影响.通过实验获得了不同光强和照射时间下关闭解吸附光后磁光阱中铯原子的衰减过程,理论模型定量地描述了背景铯原子造成压强的变化及其对最终平衡态下真空度的影响.该研究对中性原子的长时间俘获,有效控制磁光阱中原子的装载过程具有重要意义. 关键词： 光致原子解吸附 磁光阱 激光冷却与俘获     

Rb原子磁光阱中囚禁原子数目与实验参数的依赖关系

研究表明，Rb原子磁光阱中所囚禁的原子数目对囚禁光的光强和失谐量，回泵光的强度以及磁场梯度有很大的依赖关系.用二能级系统模型对囚禁原子数目随囚禁光的光强和失谐量的变化关系进行了预估，理论预测的结果与实验结果定性符合.实验结果也展示了囚禁原子数目随回泵光的强度和磁场梯度的变化关系，要定量解释这些实验结果则需要更复杂的理论模型.通过囚禁原子数目对实验参数依赖关系的研究，得到特定的实验参数，来获得最大数目的冷原子. 关键词： 磁光阱 冷原子     

单腔原子芯片系统中高效率的四极磁阱转移

利用两对部分重叠的磁光阱(MOT)和转移线圈产生的可移动四极磁阱(QMT)实现了87Rb冷原子从MOT中心向原子芯片的高效率输运。采取了线性增加转移线圈电流、同时保持MOT线圈电流不变的QMT移动方式,磁阱的移动速度构型为类Blackman型。利用该QMT输运方案,冷原子从MOT中心转移到原子芯片表面,转移过程中冷原子温度升高约30μK,原子转移效率高于90%。该系统可以为原子芯片干涉仪提供合适的冷原子源,也可以用来研究原子与芯片表面的相互作用。     

~(87)Rb玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的快速实验制备

采用二维磁光阱产生了-个快速~(87)Rb原子流,并在高真空的三维磁光阱中实现了~(87)Rb原子的快速俘获,进一步采用射频蒸发冷却技术实现了原子云的预冷却,然后将原子转移到远失谐的光学偶极阱中蒸发得到了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体.实验上可以在25 s内完成三维磁光阱的装载(约1.0×10~(10)个~(87)Rb原子),然后经过16 s的冷却过程最终在光学偶极阱中获得5.0×10~5个原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体.实验重点研究了二维磁光阱的优化设计和采用蓝失谐大功率光束对四极磁阱零点的堵塞,抑制四极磁阱中原子的马约拉纳损耗,更加有效地对原子云进行预冷却.     

磁光阱特性及冷原子集合行为的实验研究

磁光阱目前已经成为量子光学领域的内的一种强有力的研究工具，在实现了铯磁光阱后，我人通过对实验系统的改进提高了磁光阱的性能，在此基础上对磁光阱中原子数目和密度与磁光阱参数（包括激光光强，失谐以及磁场梯度等）的关系进行了系统的实验研究，结果与我们的理论预计大致符合，同时我们还观察到调节冷却激光光束准直和补偿地磁场的姆霍兹线圈电流过程中出现的冷原子云形状的变化，包括原子云的干涉图样，多亮点原子云，环形原     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚在中国科学院上海光机所实现

文章报道了在稀薄87Rb原子气体中观测到的玻色 -爱因斯坦凝聚 (BEC)现象 .在四极矩和Ioffe组合磁阱 (QUIC)中装载了 1× 10 8个原子 ,经过 19s蒸发冷却达到了相变条件 .在高原子密度的情况下 ,文章作者观察到了BEC对探测光的衍射光环 .这时降低磁阱势垒和绝热的放开冷原子样品 ,我们拍摄到冷原子和BEC的吸收像 .根据数据拟合满足双高斯分布 ,表明发生了BEC相变 .相变温度约 2 15nK ,凝聚的原子数约为 5× 10 4 .     

Parametric resonance and cooling on an atom chip

This paper observes the parametric excitation on atom chip by measuring the trap loss when applying a parametric modulation. By modulating the current in chip wires, it modulates not only the trap frequency but also the trap position. It shows that the strongest resonance occurs when the modulation frequency equals to the trap frequency. The resonance amplitude increases exponentially with modulation depth. Because the Z-trap is an anharmonic trap, there exists energy selective excitation which would cause parametric cooling. We confirm this effect by observing the temperature of atom cloud dropping.     

Monte Carlo Simulation of Cooling Induced by Parametric Resonance

We demonstrate that the parametric resonance in a magnetic quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool atoms by using Bird＇s method. In our programme the parametric resonance was realized by anisotropically modulating the trap potential. The modulation frequency dependences of temperature and fraction of the trapped atoms are explored. Furthermore, the temperature after the modulation as functions of the modulation amplitude and the mean elastic collision time are also studied. These results are valuable for the experiment of parametric resonance in a quadrupole trap.     

Cooling induced by parametric resonance in a magnetic quadrupole trap

It is demonstrated experimentally that the anharmonic property of the quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool trapped atoms by modulating the trap potential anisotropically.This cooling effect arises from the energy-selective removal of the most energetic trapped atoms and the thermal equilibrium of the remaining atoms.The frequency dependences of the temperature and the fraction of the atoms left in the trap after the modulation are explored.It is also demonstrated that the cooling induced by parametric resonance can also increase the phase space density of the trapped atoms.     

High-order resonances in a parametrically excited magneto-optical trap

We present analytical and numerical study of high-order parametric resonance in a driven magneto-optical trap of cold atoms. We have obtained the general solutions for parametric resonance of arbitrary order. In particular, the amplitude and phase of atomic limit-cycle motion is expressed as a function of the modulation amplitude and frequency. Moreover, the atomic dynamics for high-order parametric resonance is investigated in terms of the Hamiltonian approach, which is useful in studying transitions between attractors. We find that the analytical results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations.     

Direct loading of atoms from a macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap into a microchip trap

We demonstrate the direct loading of cold atoms into a microchip 2-mm Z-trap, where the evaporative cooling can be performed efficiently, from a macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap with a high loading efficiency. The macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap potential is designed to be moveable by controlling the currents of the two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coils. The cold atoms are initially prepared in a standard six-beam magneto-optical trap and loaded into the macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap, and then transported to the atom chip surface by moving the macroscopic trap potential. By means of a three-dimensional absorption imaging system, we are able to optimize the position alignment of the atom cloud in the macroscopic trap and the microchip Z-shaped wire. Consequently, with a proper magnetic transfer scheme, we load the cold atoms into the microchip Z-trap directly and efficiently. The loading efficiency is measured to be about 50%.This approach can be used to generate appropriate ultracold atoms sources, for example, for a magnetically guided atom interferometer based on atom chip.     

Light-induced evaporative cooling in a magneto-optical trap

This paper presents an experimental demonstration of light-induced evaporative cooling in a magneto-optical trap. An additional laser is used to interact with atoms at the edge of the atomic cloud in the trap. These atoms get an additional force and evaporated away from the trap by both the magnetic field and laser fields. The remaining atoms have lower kinetic energy and thus are cooled. It reports the measurements on the temperature and atomic number after the evaporative cooling with different parameters including the distance between the laser and the centre of the atomic cloud, the detuning, the intensity. The results show that the light-induced evaporative cooling is a way to generate an ultra-cold atom source.     

Optimization of transfer of laser-cooled atom cloud to a quadrupole magnetic trap

We present here our experimental results on transfer of laser-cooled atom cloud to a quadrupole magnetic trap. We show that by choosing appropriately the ratio of potential energy in magnetic trap to kinetic energy of cloud in molasses, we can obtain the maximum phase-space density in the magnetic trap. These results guide us to choose the value of current to be switched in the quadrupole coils used for magnetic trapping for a given temperature of the cloud after molasses. This study is also useful to set the initial phase-space density of the cloud before evaporative cooling.     

Nonequilibrium dynamics of parametrically excited cold atoms via magnetic field-gradient modulation

We propose that the driven cold atomic system whose trap potential is periodically perturbed via parametric modulation of the magnetic field-gradien is a novel system to investigate the complex dynamics in nonlinear dynamical systems. We calculate the atomic trajectories and basins of attraction by varying the modulation amplitude and the modulation frequency. The calculation results show parametric resonance similar to those in Kim et. al.'s work [Opt. Commun. 236 (2004) 349] on cold atoms under parametric modulation of trap laser intensities in the case of small modulation amplitude or low modulation frequency. As the modulation amplitude or the modulation frequency is increased, the nonlinear effects are enhanced so that the dynamics of the system shows a wide variety of nonlinear behaviors, such as period doubling and chaos. We experimentally demonstrate the parametric resonance when the magnetic field gradient is parametrically modulated, which evidences the realization of the proposed system. We expect that this system is useful for understanding the stochastic phenomena occurring between complex basins of attraction, such as fluctuation induced transitions across the complex basin boundaries.     

Quadrupole collective modes in trapped finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates

Finite-temperature simulations are used to study quadrupole excitations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We focus specifically on the m = 0 mode, where a long-standing theoretical problem is to account for an anomalous variation of the mode frequency with temperature. We explain this behavior in terms of the excitation of two separate modes, corresponding to the coupled motion of the condensate and the thermal cloud. The relative amplitude of the modes depends sensitively on the temperature and on the frequency of the harmonic drive used to excite them. Good agreement with experiment is found for appropriate drive frequencies.     

Optimal transport of cold atoms by modulating the velocity of traps

This work experimentally demonstrates a new method of optimizing the transport of cold atoms via modulating the velocity profile imposed on a magnetic quadrupole trap.The trap velocity and corresponding modulation are controlled by varying the currents of two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coils.Cold 87Rb atoms are transported in a non-adiabatic regime over 22 mm in 200 ms.For the transported atoms their final-vibration amplitude dependences of modulation period number,depth,and initial phase are investigated.With modulation period n = 5,modulation depth K = 0.55,and initial phase φ = 0,cold atom clouds with more atom numbers,smaller final-vibration amplitude,and lower temperature are efficiently transported.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are also provided,which are in good agreement with experimental results.