Study of luminescence properties of novel Er3+ single-doped and Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tellurite glasses

The novel Er(3+) single-doped and Er(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped tellurite glasses were prepared. The effect of Yb(2)O(3) concentration on absorption spectra, emission spectra and upconversion spectra of glasses were measured and investigated. The emission intensity, fluorescence full width at half maximum (FWHM) and upconversion luminescence of Er(3+) go up with the increasing concentration of Yb(3+) ions. The maximum FWHM of (4)I(13/2) --> (4)I(15/2) transition of Er(3+) is approximate 77 nm for 1.41 x 10(21)ions/cm(3) concentration of Yb(3+)-doped glass. The visible upconversion emissions at about 532, 546 and 659 nm, corresponding to the (2)H(11/2) --> (4)I(15/2), (4)S(3/2) --> (4)I(15/2) and (4)F(9/2) --> (4)I(15/2) transitions of Er(3+), respectively, were simultaneously observed under the excitation at 970 nm. Subsequently, the possible upconversion mechanisms and important role of Yb(3+) on the green and red emissions were discussed and compared. The results demonstrate that this kind of tellurite glass may be a potentially useful material for developing potential amplifiers and upconversion optical devices.     

Upconversion and fluorescence spectral studies of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped Bi2Q3-GeO2-Ga2Q3-Na2O glasses

The absorption spectra and upconversion fluorescence spectra of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped natrium-gallium-germanium-bismuth glasses are measured and investigated. The intense green (533 and 549 nm) and red (672 nm) emission bands were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the green and red emission on excitation power indicates that the two-photon absorption processes occur. The influence of Ga2C3 on upconversion intensity is investigated. The intensity of green emissions increases slowly with increasing Ga2O3 content, while the intensity of red emission increases significantly. The possible upconversion mechanisms for these glasses have also been discussed. The maximum phonon energy of the glasses determined based on the infrared (IR) spectral analysis is as low as 740 cm-1. The studies indicate that Bi2O3-GeO2-Ga2O3-Na2O glasses may be potential materials for developing upconversion optical devices.     

Study of upconversion fluorescence property of novel Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tellurite glasses

Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-B2O3-Nb2O5-ZnO (TBN) glasses were prepared. The absorption spectra and upconversion luminescence spectra of TBN glasses were measured and analyzed. The upconversion emission bands centered at 530, 546 and 658 nm were observed under the excitation at 975 nm, corresponding to the transitions of 2H11/2-->4I15/2, 4S3/2-->4I15/2 and 4F9/2-->4I15/2 respectively. The ratio of red emission to green emission increases with an increasing of Yb3+ ions concentration. According to the quadratic dependence on excitation power, the possible upconversion mechanisms and processes were discussed.     

Thermal stability, Judd-Ofelt theory analysis and spectroscopic properties of a new Er3+/Yb3+-codoped germano-tellurite glass

The Er3+/Yb3+-codoped 70TeO2-5Li2O-10B2O3-15GeO2 glass was prepared. The thermal stability, absorption spectra, emission spectra and up-conversion spectra were measured and investigated. The Judd-Ofelt analysis based on absorption spectra was performed in order to determine the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(t) (t = 2, 4, 6), spontaneous emission probability, radiative lifetime and branching ratios of several Er3+ transitions. It was found that this studied glass has good thermal stability, broad fluorescence full width at half maximum (FWHM), large stimulated emission cross-section and strong up-conversion emissions at about 532, 546 and 659 nm, corresponding to the 2H(11/2)-->4I(15/2), 4S(3/2)-->4I(15/2) and 4F(9/2)-->4I(15/2) transitions of Er3+, respectively under the excitation at 970 nm. The results suggest that this Er3+/Yb3+-codoped germano-tellurite glass may be a potentially useful material for developing potential amplifiers and up-conversion optical devices.     

Effect of B2O3 on luminescence of erbium doped tellurite glasses

The B2O3 was introduced into the Er3+ doped TeO2-ZnO-Na2O glass to increase the phonon energy of the host. The effect of B2O3 on the non-radiative rate of the 4I11/2-->4I13/2 transition of Er3+, the lifetime of the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels, the green and red upconversion emissions intensity, and the 4I13/2-->4I15/2 emission intensity was discussed. The results show that the phonon energy of boro-tellurite glass is close to that of germanate glass and is quite smaller than that of borate glass. The lifetime of 4I11/2 level and the upconversion emissions decrease with increasing B2O3 concentration. The higher OH group concentration presented in the boro-tellurite glass may shorten the lifetime of 4I13/2 level and also reduce the quantum efficiency of 4I13/2-->4I15/2 emission. The future dehydrating procedures are suggested to enhance the efficiency of amplification at 1.5 microm band.     

Upconversion properties of Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped fluorophosphate glasses

Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ codoped fluorophosphate glasses emitting blue, green and red upconversion luminescence at 970 nm laser diode excitation were studied. It was shown that Tm3+ behaves as the sensitizer to Er3+ for the green upconversion luminescence through the energy transfer process: Tm3+:3H4+Er3+:4I 15/2-->Er3+:4I 9/2+Tm3+:3H6, and for the red upconversion luminescence through the energy transfer process: Tm3+:3F4+Er3+:4I 11/2-->Tm3+:3H6+Er3+:4F 9/2. Moreover, Er3+ acts as quenching center for the blue upconversion luminescence of Tm3+. The sensitization of Tm3+ to Er3+ depends on the concentration of Yb3+. The intensity of blue, green and red emissions can be changed by adjusting the concentrations of the three kinds of rare earth ions. This research may provide useful information for the development of high color and spatial resolution devices and white light simulation.     

Enhancement of luminescence properties in Er3+ doped TeO2-Na2O-PbX (X=O and F) ternary glasses

An enhancement of luminescence properties in Er3+ doped ternary glasses is observed on the addition of PbO/PbF2. The infrared to visible upconversion emission bands are observed at 410, 525, 550 and 658 nm, due to the 2H9/2-->4I15/2, 2H11/2-->4I15/2, 4S3/2-->4I15/2, 4F9/2-->4I15/2 transitions respectively, on excitation with 797 nm laser line. A detailed study reveals that the 2H9/2-->4I15/2 transition arises due to three step upconversion process while other transitions arise due to two step absorption. On excitation with 532 nm radiation, ultraviolet and violet upconversion bands centered at 380, 404, 410 and 475 nm wavelengths are observed along with one photon luminescence bands at 525, 550, 658 and 843 nm wavelengths. These bands are found due to the 4G11/2-->4I15/2, 2P3/2-->4I13/2, 2H9/2-->4I15/2, 2P3/2-->4I11/2, 2H11/2-->4I15/2, 4S3/2-->4I15/2, 4F9/2-->4I15/2 and 4S3/2-->4I13/2 transitions, respectively. Though incorporation of PbO and PbF2 both enhances fluorescence intensities however, PbF2 content has an important influence on upconversion luminescence emission. The incorporation of PbF2 enhances the red emission (658 nm) intensity by 1.5 times and the violet emission (410 nm) intensity by 2.0 times. A concentration dependence study of fluorescence reveals the rapid increase in the red (4F9/2-->4I15/2) emission intensity relative to the green (4S3/2-->4I15/2) emission with increase in the Er3+ ion concentration. This behaviour has been explained in terms of an energy transfer by relaxation between excited ions.     

Spectroscopic properties of Er(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped Bi(2)O(3)-B(2)O(3)-GeO(2) glasses

Er(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped 60Bi(2)O(3)-(40 - x)B(2)O(3)-xGeO(2) (BBG; x=0, 5, 10, 15 mol%) glasses that are suitable for fiber lasers, amplifiers have been fabricated and characterized. The absorption spectra, emission spectra, and lifetime of the (4)I(13/2) level and quantum efficiency of Er(3+):(4)I(13/2) --> (4)I(15/2) transition were measured and calculated. With the substitution of GeO(2) for B(2)O(3), both Delta lambda(eff) and sigma(e) decrease from 75 to 71 nm and 9.88 to 8.12 x 10(-21) cm(2), respectively. The measured lifetime of the (4)I(13/2) level and quantum efficiency of Er(3+):(4)I(13/2) --> (4)I(15/2) transition increase from 1.18 to 1.5 ms and 36.2% to 43.2%, respectively. The emission spectra of Er(3+):(4)I(13/2) --> (4)I(15/2) transition was also analyzed using a peak-fit routine, and an equivalent four-level system was proposed to estimate the stark splitting for the (4)I(15/2) and (4)I(13/2) levels of Er(3+) in the BBG glasses. The results indicate that the (4)I(13/2) --> (4)I(15/2) emission of Er(3+) can be exhibit a considerable broadening due to a significant enhance the peak A, and D emission.     

Upconversion Luminescence of SrTiO3:Er3+ Ultrafine Powders Produced by 785 nm Laser

Er3+ doped SrTiO3 ultrafine powders were prepared by solid state reaction in a molten NaCl flux. The structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Stokes emission spectra of Er3+ in SrTiO3:Er3+ ranging from green to near infrared region were investigated under 514.5 nm laser excitation. The green and redupconverted luminescence spectra of Er3+ were measured under excitation into the 4I9=2 level by 785 nm laser. The upconversion mechanisms were studied in detail through laser power dependence and Er3+ ion concentration dependence of upconverted emissions, and results show that excited state absorption and energy transfer process are the possible mechanisms for the upconversion. The upconversion properties indicate that SrTiO3:Er3+ may be used in upconversion phosphors.     

Upconversion in Er3+-doped Bi2O3-Li2O-BaO-PbO tertiary glass

Radiative properties of Er3+-doped tertiary bismuth glass has been analyzed by the Judd-Ofelt theory. NIR to visible upconversion in the Er3+-doped glass has been reported. The mechanism for the upconversion is explained on the basis of quadratic dependence on excitation power and on the energy-matching scheme. Energy transfer is noted as the dominant process including the long-lived 4I11/2 level as the intermediate state for the green and red upconversion emissions. The effect of temperature on the fluorescence intensity of the two bands due to 2H11/2-->4I15/2 and 4S3/2-->4I15/2 transitions as well as on the transitions due to Stark components of the 4S3/2 level have been monitored and it is concluded that their intensity ratio may serve as better temperature sensing device.     

一种上转换白光荧光粉的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了上转换白光荧光粉AlF3-YbF3:Er3+/Tm3+。通过XRD物相分析可知:上转换白光荧光粉AlF3-YbF3:Er3+/Tm3+是由三方AlF3相和正交YbF3相组成;利用发射光谱研究了该荧光粉的上转换发光性能,并且分析了当固定Er3+离子掺杂浓度时,Tm3+离子掺杂浓度对上转换白光荧光粉AlF3-YbF3:Er3+/Tm3+色度的影响,进而提出其上转换能量传递机制。结果表明:在980 nm激光激发下,波长为410 nm的紫光峰、550 nm的绿光峰和660 nm的红光峰分别对应于荧光粉中Er3+离子的2H9/2→4I15/2,4S3/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4I15/2能级的跃迁,而波长为360 nm的紫外光峰、450 nm的蓝光峰、700 nm的红光峰,分别对应于荧光粉中Tm3+离子的1D2→3H6,1G4→3H6和1G4→3F4能级的跃迁,Er3+离子发出的光与Tm3+离子发出的光最终混合成色坐标为x=0.32,y=0.36的白光。此外,通过980 nm半导体激光器和EPM 2000 Dual-channel Joulemeter/Power meter测得该荧光粉最大上转换效率为6.90%。     

Er~(3 )/Yb~(3 )共掺杂AlF_3基氟化物玻璃材料的频率上转换

Er3 /Yb3 共掺杂的AlF3基氟化物玻璃材料ABCY的制备及其上转换荧光性质。样品的组分为 40AlF3 2 0BaF2 2 0CaF2 (2 0 2x 2y)YF3 xEr2 O3 yYb2 O3。在 95 0nm连续LD激发下 ,观察到该材料很强的绿色上转换发光 ,研究了该体系的上转换机理 ,认为Yb3 和Er3 之间的APTE效应是最主要的上转换途径。解释了红、绿色上转换荧光强度比值增大的现象 ,指出了可能的交叉弛豫过程。用公式y =a(x -x0 ) n 对上转换荧光强度与LD工作电流的关系进行拟合 ,得到的结果与理论值很好地一致。     

Effect of Zn2+ Ions on Upconversion Emission of Er3+ in Zn/Er:LiNbO3 Crystal

The effect of Zn2+ ions codoped on the upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Er:LiNbO3 crystal under different excitation wavelength was reported.The upconversion emission spectra of Zn/Er:LiNbO3 follo...     

Yb3+和Er3+共掺的GdAlO3荧光粉体的发光性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Yb3+和Er3+掺杂的GdAlO3荧光粉体.XRD结果表明样品为正交晶系结构.研究了不同波长激发下的室温发射光谱以及上转换发光光谱.结果表明样品在1550 nm处有很强的荧光发射,并且在样品中存在显著的Yb3+到Er3+之间的能量传递过程.980 nm红外光激发下的上转换发光光谱表明样品有绿色和...     

Upconversion luminescence, intensity saturation effect, and thermal effect in Gd2O3:Er3,Yb3+ nanowires

In this paper, the upconversion luminescent properties of Gd2O3:Er3+,Yb3+ nanowires as a function of Yb concentration and excitation power were studied under 978-nm excitation. The results indicated that the relative intensity of the red emission (4F(9/2)-4I(15/2)) increased with increasing the Yb3+ concentration, while that of the green emission (4S(3/2)/2H(11/2)-4I(15/2)) decreased. As a function of excitation power in ln-ln plot, the green emission of 4S(3/2)-4I(15/2) yielded a slope of approximately 2, while the red emission of 4F(9/2)-4I(15/2) yielded a slope of approximately 1. Moreover, the slope decreased with increasing the Yb3+ concentration. This was well explained by the expanded theory of competition between linear decay and upconversion processes for the depletion of the intermediate excited states. As the excitation power density was high enough, the emission intensity of upconversion decreased due to thermal quenching. The thermal effect caused by the exposure of the 978-nm laser was studied according to the intensity ratio of 2H(11/2)-4I(15/2) to 4S(3/2)-4I(15/2). The practical sample temperature at the exposed spot as a function of excitation power and Yb3+ concentration was deduced. The result indicated that at the irradiated spot (0.5 x 0.5 mm2) the practical temperature considerably increased.     

Preparation and upconversion luminescence of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous ZrO2: Er3+, Yb3+

The three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) ZrO2: Er(3+), Yb(3+) materials were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method combined with a polystyrene latex sphere templating technique, and their morphologies, surface physicochemical properties, and upconversion photoluminescence (UC-PL) properties were studied. The results indicate that the materials exhibited both porosity and strong UC-PL under the excitation of a 978 nm diode laser. In comparison with the nonporous samples, the relative intensity of the red ((4)F(9/2)-(4)I(15/2)) to the green ((4)S(3/2)/(2)H(11/2)-(4)I(15/2)) emission decreased visibly because of the decreased nonradiative relaxation in the 3DOM materials. It was also observed that the relative intensity of the green emission to the red emission increased significantly with the increasing excitation power. An indirect three-photon populating process occurred for the green emission as the excitation power and Yb(3+) concentration was high enough.     

MgAl2O4∶Er^3+,Yb^3+荧光粉的制备及其上转换发光性能

以尿素为沉淀剂,采用低温水热法结合煅烧过程制备出MgAl2O4∶Er^3+,Yb^3+上转换荧光粉,并对样品的结构、微观形貌及上转换发光性能予以表征。结果表明,随尿素加入量的增大,产物主形貌由六角片状结构向纳米棒状转变,经1100℃煅烧可得纯相镁铝尖晶石结构,且Er^3+和Yb^3+能有效进入MgAl2O4晶格并占据Mg^2+位置形成均匀固溶体。在980 nm光激发下,MgAl2O4∶1.0%(n/n)Er^3+,x%(n/n)Yb^3+(x=0~8.0)荧光粉表现出在524、545 nm处绿光以及658 nm处的强红光发射,红绿光强度均在5.0%(n/n)Yb^3+掺杂时达到最大,但红绿光强度比却在7.0%(n/n)Yb^3+掺杂时达到最大值5.2,这归因于Er^3+-Er^3+之间交叉弛豫(CR)在红光发射过程中所起的重要作用。通过控制荧光粉中Yb^3+的掺杂量,能初步实现对于黄绿光色度的有效调控。     

Blue,green,red upconversion luminescence and optical characteristics of rare earth doped rare earth oxide and oxysulfide

The cold isostatic press pretreatment process was adopted to prepare fine rare earth oxysulfide up-conversion phosphors with spherical shape, narrow size distribution and high luminescence efficiency. The upconversion optical characteristics and brightness of the blue (Y2O2SYb,Tm), green (Y2O2S: Yb,Er), red (Y2O3Yb,Er) emitter were also investigated, and a novel method was successfully developed for the brightness measurement of upconversion luminescence (UPL). It is shown that a white color can be obtained by the appropriate mixture of these primary blue, green and red emissions components. The Er3 ions exhibit different upconversion mechanism in Y2O2S and Y2O3 host materials. The rare earth oxysulfide is an efficient upconversion matrix. The UPL brightness of Y2O2S: Yb,Er is 6.5 times higher than that of Y2O3: Yb,Er, and Y2O2S: Yb,Er shows UPL brightness of 1100 cd/m2 under 5.56 W/cm2 power density using a 980 nm laser diode.     

Effect of bismuth oxide on the thermal stability and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped aluminophosphate glasses

The Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped glasses with compositions of xBi2O3-(65-x)P2O5-4Yb2O3-11Al2O3-5BaO-15Na2O (where x=0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mol%) were prepared using the normal melt quench technique. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses were recorded in the wavelength range 300-1700 nm. The effect of Bi2O3 content on the thermal stability and absorption spectra of glasses was investigated. In addition, the Judd-Ofelt parameters and oscillator strengths were calculated by employing Judd-Ofelt theory. It was observed that the positions of the fundamental absorption edge and cut-off wavelength shifted towards red as the content of Bi2O3 increased. However, there were no red shifts found both in the peak wavelength and in the center of mass wavelength of all absorption bands with Bi2O3 content increasing. The results of Judd-Ofelt theory analysis showed that Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega t (t=2, 4, 6) changed sharply when Bi2O3 concentration exceeded 5 mol%. The variation trends of experimental oscillator strength were similar with those of Judd-Ofelt parameters as function of Bi2O3 concentrations. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that the increases of Bi2O3 content weakened the network structure and then lowered the thermal stability of the glasses. The spontaneous emission probability A rad, branching ratio beta and the radiative lifetime tau rad were also calculated and analyzed. The stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was calculated according to the McCumber theory. It was found that the stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was monotonically increases with Bi2O3 content increasing.     

两种基质中Er~(3 )的上转换发光特性

合成了一种新型共掺杂Er3 和Yb3 的氟氧化物 (ZnF2 SiO2 基质 )材料 ,研究了Er3 在这种基质材料中的吸收和在 980nm激发下的上转换发光 ,并对比了同等激发条件下Er3 离子在ZBLAN玻璃和这种氟氧化物中的上转换发光特性。实验发现两种基质中Er3 离子吸收峰位置基本相同 ,但吸收强度明显不同。氟氧化物中Er3 离子的上转换发光强度要低于ZBLAN基质中Er3 离子的上转换发光强度 ,不同的是Er3 离子在氟氧化物基质中红光发射强度要强于绿光强度。分析了两种基质中Er3 的上转换发光机制 ,氟氧化物基质中Er3 离子红绿光发射均为双光子过程 ,ZBLAN基质中Er3 离子绿光发射为双光子过程 ,而红光发射为双光子和三光子混合过程。