对称四甲基六元瓜环与1-丁基-4,4’-联吡啶的超分子自组装

设计合成了客体分子1-丁基-4,4’-联吡啶溴化物(BV+),利用核磁共振、紫外-可见吸收光谱、热重分析及X射线单晶衍射研究其与对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])的超分子自组装及形成的主客体包结配合物的结构特征.结果表明,在溶液中及固体状态下,TMeQ[6]均包结BV+的烷基链部分形成1∶1包结配合物.     

反式七元瓜环与N,N'-二苄基-4,4'-联吡啶氯化物的络合行为研究

利用核磁共振技术、 紫外-可见吸收光谱、 荧光发射光谱、 等温量热滴定及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)等方法研究了N,N'-二苄基-4,4'-联吡啶氯化物(G1, 客体分子)与反式七元瓜环(iQ[7], 主体分子)的相互作用及形成的主客体包结配合物的结构特征. 结果表明, 客体分子两端的苄基部分分别进入iQ[7]的空腔, 而4,4'-联吡啶则一部分被iQ[7]的空腔所包结, 另一部分处于iQ[7]的端口, 形成包结比为2:1的哑铃型主客体超分子组装体.     

三种瓜环与苯并吲唑衍生物的超分子自组装

设计、合成了医药中间体3-吡啶基苯并吲唑衍生物(DIHY)作为客体分子,并利用~1H NMR、质谱、等温量热滴定和紫外吸收光谱法考察了主体对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])、七元瓜环(Q[7])以及八元瓜环(Q[8])和与其相互作用的结构特征.结果表明,这三种具有不同空腔大小的瓜环与DIHY之间具有不同的作用模式.TMe Q[6]-DIHY体系中,客体分子位于瓜环的端口处; Q[7]-DIHY体系中,客体分子DIHY的4,5-二氢-2H-苯并吲唑部分进入到瓜环的空腔内部,而吡啶基团位于瓜环的端口形成1∶1的类轮烷结构; Q[8]-DIHY体系中, 2个客体分子DIHY的4,5-二氢-2H-苯并吲唑部分以"面对面"的堆叠方式进入到Q[8]的空腔中,而吡啶基团位于瓜环的端口,自组装形成1∶2的超分子结构.     

六元瓜环、对称四甲基六元瓜环与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的自组装模式

利用核磁共振波谱、 紫外吸收光谱、 荧光光谱和单晶X射线衍射分析等考察了六元瓜环(Q[6])及对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的相互作用. 实验结果表明, 客体分子分别与这2种瓜环自组装形成相似的1∶1包结配合物, 但晶体结构分析结果表明两个体系在主客体分子间作用力诱导下形成了不同的空间堆积模式, 其包结常数分别为K_K8-Q[6]=4.18×10⁷ L/mol, K_K8-TMeQ[6]=6.11×10⁷ L/mol.     

三种瓜环与4,4''''-联吡啶及N,N''''-二甲基4,4''''-联吡啶盐酸盐相互作用的研究

以七元瓜环(Q[7])和新型椭圆型改性瓜环--对称四甲基取代六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])为主体,4,4'-联吡啶的盐酸盐(44)以及N,N'-二甲基4,4'-联吡啶的盐酸盐(dm44)为客体的主客体相互作用进行了考察.实验结果表明,Q[7]与客体44及dm44作用体系中,客体为了更有效地被主体Q[7]包结,在Q[7]内腔中呈倾斜状分布的几率最高.用核磁共振、循环伏安以及紫外吸收光谱对实验结果进行了印证和补充,验证了TMeQ[6]与客体44及dm44可发生较强的相互作用,形成一维的自组装超分子结构.核磁共振以及循环伏安方法的实验结果表明,没有观察到Q[6]与客体44及dm44的明显作用,而紫外吸收光谱方法证实,Q[6]与客体44确实存在一定的相互作用,比较主客体的结构特征,该作用体系也可能存在自组装的一维超分子结构等多种作用形式.     

三种瓜环与4,4′-联吡啶及N,N′-二甲基4,4′-联吡啶盐酸盐相互作用的研究

以七元瓜环(Q[7])和新型椭圆型改性瓜环———对称四甲基取代六元瓜环(TM eQ[6])为主体,4,4′-联吡啶的盐酸盐(44)以及N,N′-二甲基4,4′-联吡啶的盐酸盐(dm44)为客体的主客体相互作用进行了考察.实验结果表明,Q[7]与客体44及dm44作用体系中,客体为了更有效地被主体Q[7]包结,在Q[7]内腔中呈倾斜状分布的几率最高.用核磁共振、循环伏安以及紫外吸收光谱对实验结果进行了印证和补充,验证了TM eQ[6]与客体44及dm44可发生较强的相互作用,形成一维的自组装超分子结构.核磁共振以及循环伏安方法的实验结果表明,没有观察到Q[6]与客体44及dm44的明显作用,而紫外吸收光谱方法证实,Q[6]与客体44确实存在一定的相互作用,比较主客体的结构特征,该作用体系也可能存在自组装的一维超分子结构等多种作用形式.     

4,4'-二(对氨基苯乙炔基)-6,6'-二[N,N-二(乙氧基羰甲基)氨甲基]-2,2'-联吡啶的合成与表征

以4,4'-二硝基-2,2'-联吡啶-6,6'-二亚甲基双三氟乙酸酯作为起始原料, 经水解、 溴化、 酯化和对氨基苯乙炔取代4步反应合成了4,4'-二(对氨基苯乙炔基)-6,6'-二[N,N-二(乙氧基羰甲基)氨甲基]-2,2'-联吡啶. 通过红外光谱、 核磁共振波谱、 高分辨质谱等表征了该化合物的结构. 该化合物经水解后与铕离子形成稀土荧光螯合物, 在紫外光激发下, 发射出具有铕离子特征的荧光光谱.     

氮对位取代基对联吡啶与Eu(Ⅲ)络合的影响

采用吸收光谱法测定了在CH3CN溶剂中,4,4'-二甲基[2,2']联吡啶、4,4'-二己基[2,2']联吡啶、4,4'-二壬基[2,2']联吡啶、[2,2']联吡啶-4,4'-二羧酸甲酯等氮原子对位含不同电性能取代基的联吡啶与Eu(Ⅲ)的络合物稳定常数。在实验条件下,含烷基取代基(-CH3,-C6H13,-C9H19)的配体观察到1∶3和1∶2两种络合物,而含吸电基(-COOCH3)的仅观察到一种1∶3络合物。以1∶3络合物生成反应为模型反应,采用密度泛函方法计算了络合反应的自由能变化,证实不同电性能对位取代基对络合反应的影响,络合反应自由能变化与取代基的供电性强弱顺序相一致。     

噻唑的研究Ⅳ.4,4''''-二-氯代甲基-2,2''''-雙噻唑的化學.六烷基2,2''''-雙噻唑-4,4''''-二甲基-二銨鹽的合成

1.二硫代乙二酰胺和1,3-二-氯代丙酮在丙酮中和在沉淀碳酸钙存在时缩合得4,4'-二-氯代甲基-2,2'-双噻唑。 2.4,4'-二-氯代甲基-2,2'-双噻唑的两个氯原子反应性能和一级烷基氯相同,能被(1)碘原子:(2)CH_3COO—基团:(3)C_6H_4(CO)_2N—基团:(4)(CH_3)_2N—基团,(5)基团,(6)C_6H_5O—基团,(7)ρ-CH_3C_6H_4O-基团,(8)(C_2H_5)_2N—基团所取代。 3.2,2'-双噻唑-4,4'-二甲基异硫脲二盐酸盐和氫氧化钾溶液共沸得2,2'-双噻唑-4,4'-二甲基二硫醇。 4.其季铵盐可由二法制得:(1)4,4'-二-氯代甲基-2,2'-双噻唑和三甲胺缩合产生二氯化六甲基2,2'-双噻唑-二甲基二铵。(2)4,4'-(N-四甲基-二-氨甲基)-2,2'-双噻唑和碘代甲烷生成二碘化六甲甚2,2'-双噻唑-4,4'-二甲基二铵;相似地-4,4'-(N-四乙基-二-氦甲基)-2,2'-双噻唑和碘代乙烷生成二碘化六乙基2,2'-双噻唑-4,4'-二甲基二铵。     

Synthesis and Characterization of 4,4'-Di (p-aminophenylethynyl)-6,6'-bis[ N,N-bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyi) amino methyl ]-2,2'-bipyridine

以4,4'-二硝基-2,2'-联吡啶-6,6'-二亚甲基双三氟乙酸酯作为起始原料,经水解、溴化、酯化和对氨基苯乙炔取代4步反应合成了4,4'-二.(对氨基苯乙炔基)-6,6'-二[N,N-二(乙氧基羰甲基)氨甲基]-2,2'-联吡啶.通过红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱等表征了该化合物的结构.该化合物经水解后与铕离子形成稀土荧光螯合物,在紫外光激发下,发射出具有铕离子特征的荧光光谱.     

Recognition of glycine by cucurbit[5]uril and cucurbit[6]uril: A comparative study of exo- and endo-binding

Recognition features of glycine (Gly) with cucurbit[5]uril (Q[5]) and cucurbit[6]uril (Q[6]) both in aqueous solution and solid state were investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. ¹H NMR data indicate that the Gly is located outside of the portals of the Q[5], exhibiting exo binding with the Q[5]. In the case of the Q[6], the Gly shows endo binding or a dual binding mode (endo and exo binding) with the host, which depends on the amount of the host in the aqueous solution. X-ray crystallography clearly display that the Gly forms 2:1 exclusion complex with the Q[5], and 2:1 inclusion complex with the Q[6]. Interestingly, hydrogen bondings between the encapsulated Gly molecules in the Q[6] were observed.     

吡啶基咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉合成、表征及与瓜环作用的光谱学考察

设计合成了2个吡啶基菲咯啉衍生物2-(3-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G1)和2-(4-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G2),通过元素分析、质谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。 利用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了所合成化合物与六元瓜环Q[6]、七元瓜环Q[7]的相互作用,以及体系pH值对主-客体相互作用的影响。 在酸性条件下,Q[6]、Q[7]与Gl以及Q[6]与G2均发生包合形成1∶1的包合物,并有荧光增敏作用;Q[7]与G2作用形成1∶2包合物,且对G2有荧光猝灭作用;Q[6]、Q[7]与G1的包合常数分别为3.00×104和1.86×104 L/mol;Q[6]、Q[7]与G2的包合常数分别为1.64×104和1.01×103 L/mol。 随着体系酸性减弱,瓜环与客体作用减弱,在中性条件下,瓜环未与客体发生包合作用。     

Host–guest interactions of thiabendazole with normal and modified cucurbituril: 1H NMR,phase solubility and antifungal activity studies

Guest–host inclusion complexes between thiabendazole (TBZ) and cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), symmetrical tetra-methylcucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) and meta-hexamethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HMeQ[6]) in aqueous solution were investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and phase solubility studies. The antifungal activities of the inclusion complexes were also determined. Analysis of the ¹H NMR spectra revealed that the host Q[7] selectively binds the benzimidazole ring moiety of the guest molecule and that the thiazole ring is encapsulated into the cavities of TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6]. Phase solubility diagrams were analysed using rigorous procedures to obtain estimates of the complex formation constants for Q[n]-TBZ complexation. The phase solubility studies showed that TBZ solubility increased as a function of Q[7], TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6] concentrations. We found that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] increased the inhibitory effect of TBZ on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. Our results thus demonstrate that complexation of TBZ with Q[n] could be used to improve the solubility and antifungal activity of TBZ.     

Binding modes of cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril with a series of bis-pyridinium compounds

Binding behaviors of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with a series of bis-pyridinium compounds N, N’-hexamethylenebis(1-alkyl-4-carbamoyl pyridinium bromide) (HBPB-n) (alkyl chain length, n = 6, 8 and 10) guests were investigated using ¹H-NMR, ESI–MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The results show that CB[6] and CB[7] can form [2]pseudorotaxanes with HBPB-n easily. When increasing the length of tail alkyl chain, the binding site of CB[6] at guest molecules changed from the tail to the middle part, while CB[7] remained located over the tail chain. As CB[6] and CB[7] were added in HBPB-8 aqueous solution, a [3]pseudorotaxane was formed by the inclusion of the internal middle site in CB[6] and the tail chain in CB[7].     

八元瓜环对氯化矢车菊素溶解性、稳定性及抗氧化性的影响

采用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、 红外光谱及紫外吸收光谱等方法考察了八元瓜环(Q[8])对氯化矢车菊素(Cy)的包结作用. 结果表明, 在pH=0.8的盐酸介质中, Q[8]可与Cy形成摩尔比为1:1的主客体配合物, 紫外吸收光谱法测得的主-客体结合常数为1.51×10⁶ . 相溶解度研究结果表明, Q[8]能使饱和Cy溶液的溶解度增大, 当Q[8]浓度为100 μmol/L时, 可使Cy的溶解度增大12.21倍. 紫外吸收光谱随时间变化结果表明, 在较为稳定存在形态及相同实验条件下, Q[8]/Cy溶液比Cy溶液的稳定性提高了2.58倍. 抗氧化性实验结果表明, Q[8]/Cy包合物和Cy均表现出较好的抗氧化活性.     

Host–guest complexes of various cucurbit[n]urils with the hydrochloride salt of 2,4-diaminoazobenzene

The interaction products of normal cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8; Q[7] Q[8]) and a sym- tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril derivative (TMeQ[6]) with the hydrochloride salts of 2,4-diaminoazobenzene (g·HCl) were investigated in aqueous solution using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ¹H NMR spectra analysis established a basic interaction model in which inclusion complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 form for the TMeQ[6] and Q[7] cases, while they form with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 for the Q[8] case. Commonly, the hosts selectively bound to the phenyl moieties of the guests. Absorption spectrophotometric analysis in aqueous solution defined the stability of the host–guest inclusion complexes at pH 3.2. Quantitatively, at this pH, complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1—those with smaller hosts TMeQ[6] and Q[7]—formed with logK values between 6 and 7. That with host Q[8] and a host:guest ratio of 1:2 formed with a logK value of 10.8. Single crystal X-ray structures of the inclusion complexes TMeQ[6]–g·HCl and Q[8]–g·HCl showed the phenyl moiety of the guest inserted into the host cavity. This result supports the solution-based ¹H NMR spectroscopic study.     

Host–guest complexes of some cucurbit[n]urils with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives

Interaction between the normal cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6,7,8; Q[6], Q[7], Q[8]) and a sym-tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril derivative (TMeQ[6]) with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives N-(4-hydroxylphenyl)imidazole (g1), N-(4-aminophenyl)imidazole (g2), 2-phenylimidazole (g3) in aqueous solution was investigated by using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as by using a single crystal X-ray diffraction determination. The ¹H NMR spectra analysis established a basic interaction model in which inclusion complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 forms for the Q[6]s and Q[7] cases, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form for the Q[8] cases. It was common that the hosts selectively bound the phenyl moiety of the guests. Absorption spectrophotometric and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis in aqueous solution defined the stability of the host–guest inclusion complexes at pH 5.8 with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 form quantitatively as logK values between 4 and 5 for the smaller hosts Q[6 or 7]s, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form quantitatively as logK values between 11 and 12 for the host Q[8]. Two single crystal X-ray structures of the inclusion complexes TMeQ[6]-g2 · HCl and TMeQ[6]-g3 · HCl showed the phenyl moiety of these two guests inserted into the host cavity, which supported particularly the ¹H NMR spectroscopic study in solution.     

Voltammetric studies of the interaction of 6-mercaptopurine with cucurbit[7]uril and DNA

The interaction of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), an antitumor drug, with cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and DNA in an acetate buffer solution was studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry(CV). The electrochemical data indicated a 1:1 complex formation of 6-MP with Q[7] and DNA. The formation constants of these complexes were determined based on the variations in the current. Moreover, the interactions of the 6-MP-Q[7] inclusion complex with DNA have been investigated by means of voltammetry. The results suggested that 6-MP displayed a high affinity for Q[7] and that the inclusion complex did not decompose when it bound to DNA. It can be inferred from the experimental data that the binding model of 6-MP to DNA may be ??electrostatic binding??. In addition, the formation of inclusion complexes between Q[7] and 6-MP was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the ¹H NMR technique.     

Inclusion complex of riboflavin with cucurbit[7]uril: study in solution and solid state

The aqueous solution of riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril complex has been studied based on fluorescence and ¹H NMR spectroscopic results. Upon addition of cucurbit[7]uril, the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin was quenched and a slight red shift was observed for the maximum emission peak. These results indicated that the cucurbit[7]uril–riboflavin complex was formed at a 1:1 mole ratio. The temperature-dependent inclusion constants were calculated, from which ΔH and ΔS values were calculated. Meanwhile, rationale of the interaction mechanism was also discussed based on ¹H NMR results. The solid inclusion complex was prepared from co-evaporation method and characterised by differential thermal analysis and fluorescence lifetime analysis methods. The experimental results indicated that riboflavin and cucurbit[7]uril formed stable host–guest inclusion complex in both solution and solid states.