MOCVD生长GaN:Si单晶膜的研究

获得高质量的ｎ型ＧａＮ单晶膜是制作ＧａＮ基光电子器件的关键之一。采用立式ＭＯＣＶＤ系统生长ＧａＮ：Ｓｉ单晶膜,通过优化生长工艺,获得了电子载流于浓度高达２ ×１０１９ｃｍ－３,迁移率达１２０ｃｍ２／Ｖ·ｓ的ｎ型ＧａＮ：Ｓｉ单晶膜;并有效地抑制了ＧａＮ中由深能级引起的黄带发射,大大提高带边发光强度。研究结果还表明：随着Ｓ掺杂量的增大,ＧａＮ：Ｓｉ单晶膜的电子载流于浓度增加,迁移率下降,Ｘ光双晶衍射峰半高宽增大。首次报道了随掺Ｓ量增大,ＧａＮ：Ｓｉ单晶膜的生长速率显著下降的现象。     

高质量GaN外延薄膜的生长

综述了高质量ＧａＮ外延薄膜的生长研究工作的最新重要进展．主要采用的新工艺为：在较低温度下生长ＧａＮ缓冲层后再高温生长ＧａＮ外延薄膜,双气流金属有机化合物气相沉积（ＭＯＣＶＤ）,以及用开有窗口的ＳｉＯ２膜截断穿过位错后横向覆盖外延生长（ｅｐｉｔａｘｉａｌｙｌａｔｅｒａｌｏｖｅｒｇｒｏｗｔｈ）．Ｘ射线衍射和高分辨电镜研究证实,上述工艺使ＧａＮ外延薄膜质量得到显著提高．利用这种薄膜研制成的蓝色激光管即将投放市场．     

MOCVD生长的GaN单晶膜的蓝带发光研究

对实验室用ＭＯＣＶＤ方法生长的未掺杂ＧａＮ单晶膜的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明：在室温时未掺杂ＧａＮ单晶出现的能量为２．９ｅＶ左右蓝带发光与被偿度有较强的依赖关系。高补偿ＧａＮ的蓝带发射强,低补偿ＧａＮ的蓝带发射弱。对蓝带发光机理进行了探讨,认为蓝 导带电子过至受主能级的发光（ｅＡ发光）。观察到降低ＧａＮ补偿度能提高ＧａＮ带边发射强度。     

一维量子材料制备新进展

文章简要评述了一种制备一维半导体量子材料的新方法，即用碳纳米管作为模板，通过化学气相反应生长半导体纳米线，用此方法已经成功地制备出了一系列碳化物纳米线，更重要的是还制备出了ＧａＮ纳米线．     

分子束外延高Mg掺杂GaN的发光特性

采用分子束外延技术在蓝宝石衬底上制备Ｍｇ掺杂的立方相ｐ－ＧａＮ,并对其不同温度下的光致发光光谱进行了研究．实验观察到高Ｍｇ掺杂ＧａＮ中施主受主对发光的反常温度行为．理论分析表明,高Ｍｇ掺杂ＧａＮ中施主受主对的发光受到陷阱与受主间竞争俘获非平衡空穴过程和空穴隧穿输运过程的影响．     

GaN外延层中的缺陷对光学性质的影响

用金属有机化合物气相外延（ＭＯＶＥＰ）方法生长具有不同表面形貌的非掺杂ＧａＮ，并对部分样品的外延层表面进行镜面加工．用阴极射线发光、光散射和拉曼散射方法观察ＧａＮ中深能级发光、缺陷散射光分布和拉曼散射光频移．结果表明，缺陷不但影响ＧａＮ的发光和光散射，而且影响拉曼频移     

MOCVD生长的未掺杂GaN的结晶特性与补偿度关系的研究

对本实验室用ＭＯＣＶＤ方法生长的未故意掺杂的ＧａＮ单晶膜进行了结晶性能、电学性能研究。结果表明,室温时ＧａＮ的Ｘ射线双晶衍射半高宽与其补偿度有较强的依赖关系。高补偿的ＧａＮ的Ｘ射线双晶衍射半高宽较宽。低补偿的ＧａＮ的Ｘ射线双晶衍射半高宽较窄。     

新型蓝光衬底材料LiAlO2晶体的生长的缺陷分析

ＬｉＡｌＯ２和ＧａＮ的晶格失配率只有１．４％，是一种很有希望的ＧａＮ外延生长衬底材料。本文利用温度梯度法生长出透明的ＬｉＡｌＯ２单晶，并通过化学浸蚀、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、同步辐射Ｘ射线貌相术对晶体中的缺陷进行了检测。结果表明：ＬｉＡｌＯ２在钼坩埚中无籽晶自由凝固结日地，是沿（１００）方向生长。用温度梯度法生长的ＡｉＡｌＯ２晶体质量良好，晶体中无气泡和包裹物，在ＬｉＡｌＯ２（１００）方向晶面     

2000年第1期《物理》内容预告

研究快讯直立在金膜表面的单壁碳纳米管的研究（薛增泉等）;磁性隧道结Ｎｉ８０Ｆｅ２０／Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｃｏ的制备和物性（陈等）．评　　述介电极化新概念———边界屏蔽理论（李景德等）．知识和进展近场光学显微镜下的生物世界（沈玉民等）;金属有机化合物气相外延生长ＧａＮ薄膜的电子显微结构研究（程立森等）;ＧａＮ紫外光探测器（张德恒等）;分子整流器的共振隧道效应（周淑琴等）;具有共轭结构的导电聚合物及其应用（闻荻江等）．物理学和高新技术空间光调制器物理和大屏幕投影电视产业（宋菲君）;核医学的发展及其与相关学…     

金属有机化合物相外延生长GaN薄膜的电子微结构研究

研究了金属有机化合物气相外延（ＭＯＶＰＥ）方法在（０００１）氧化铝基底上生长的ＧａＮ薄膜的微结构，目的在于解释ＧａＮ缓冲层在二步法生和过程中的作用及其对外延层晶体质量的影响。在缓冲层中观察到了高密度的结构缺陷，并发现了两种晶体结构（立方和六角）的ＧａＮ。进而对两种结构ＧａＮ的成因进行讨论，并对缓冲层和外延层中结构缺陷的关系进行了研究。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.