Venodilatory effect of pranidipine, a calcium channel blocker, monitored with perfluorocarbon in vivo (19)F-NMR spectroscopy

We previously reported that the (19)F-NMR signal intensity of perfluorocarbon was increased by a venodilator, nitroglycerine, and decreased by an arteriodilator, hydralazine. In the present study, we demonstrated that pranidipine, a calcium channel blocker, increased the intensity of the FC-43 signal, while nifedipine, a prototype of calcium channel blockers, did not. These results suggest that pranidipine dilates the venous system in contrast to nifedipine.     

Beam interactions with a blocker soliton in one-dimensional arrays

We investigate experimentally and numerically the interaction of a highly localized, single-channel discrete soliton (blocker) with a wide, tilted beam in a one-dimensional AlGaAs array. In agreement with theory the blocker is observed to discretely shift its position by multiple channels, depending on the intensity and relative phase of the tilted beam.     

Active control of acoustic reflection,absorption, and transmission using thin panel speakers

This paper explores the development of thin panels that can be controlled electronically so as to provide surfaces with desired reflection coefficients. Such panels can be used as either perfect reflectors or absorbers. They can also be designed to be transmission blockers that block the propagation of sound. The development of the control system is based on the use of wave separation algorithms that separate incident sound from reflected sound. In order to obtain a desired reflection coefficient, the reflected sound is controlled to appropriate levels. The incident sound is used as an acoustic reference for feedforward control and has the important property of being isolated from the action of the control system speaker. In order to use a panel as a transmission blocker, the acoustic pressure behind the panel is driven to zero. The use of the incident signal as a reference again plays a key role in successfully reducing broadband transmission of sound. The panels themselves are constructed using poster board and small rare-earth actuators. Detailed experimental results are presented showing the efficacy of the algorithms in achieving real-time control of reflection or transmission. The panels are able to effectively block transmission of broadband sound. Practical applications for these panels include enclosures for noisy machinery, noise-absorbing wallpaper, the development of sound walls, and the development of noise-blocking glass windows.     

A tree-structured DFT filter bank based spectrum detector for estimation of radio channel edge frequencies in cognitive radios

Cognitive Radio (CR) aims to provide efficient spectrum utilization in spectrum scarce wireless environments. One of the key CR functionalities is the spectrum sensing, which allows CRs to monitor the electromagnetic spectrum and detect unused bands of spectrum. Wideband spectrum sensing needs to be employed for better spectrum opportunity detection and interference avoidance both in the case of commercial and military applications. Accurate sensing needs to be employed for blocker detection in commercial systems such as LTE for the design of transmit/receive path. In military radios, the challenge lies in the robust detection of the location of the center frequencies and bandwidths of individual radio channels in the wideband input signal. In this paper, an energy detector based on tree-structured discrete Fourier transform based filter bank (TDFTFB) is proposed for detecting the edges of the channels in the spectrum. The proposed method is compared with the conventional wavelets based method for complexity and performance. The design example and simulations show that the gate count resource utilization of the proposed detection scheme is 22.9% lesser than the wavelets method at the cost of a slight degradation (0.5%) in detection accuracy. Over-the-air tests performed using Universal Software Radio Peripheral 2 (USRP2) and MATLAB/SIMULINK showed that the present method is not input specific whereas the conventional wavelet based approach depends on the spectral location of the input.     

Multivariate Versus Classical Univariate Calibration Methods for Spectrofluorimetric Data: Application to Simultaneous Determination of Olmesartan Medoxamil and Amlodipine Besylate in their Combined Dosage Form

Olmesartan medoxamil (OLM, an angiotensin II receptor blocker) and amlodipine besylate (AML, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker), are co-formulated in a single-dose combination for the treatment of hypertensive patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on either component monotherapy. In this work, four multivariate and two univariate calibration methods were applied for simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of OLM and AML in their combined pharmaceutical tablets in all ratios approved by FDA. The four multivariate methods are partial least squares (PLS), genetic algorithm PLS (GA-PLS), principal component ANN (PC-ANN) and GA-ANN. The two proposed univariate calibration methods are, direct spectrofluorimetric method for OLM and isoabsorpitive method for determination of total concentration of OLM and AML and hence AML by subtraction. The results showed the superiority of multivariate calibration methods over univariate ones for the analysis of the binary mixture. The optimum assay conditions were established and the proposed multivariate calibration methods were successfully applied for the assay of the two drugs in validation set and combined pharmaceutical tablets with excellent recoveries. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical additives. The results were favorably compared with those obtained by a reference spectrophotometric method.     

Ultra-Sensitive Fluorimetric Method for the First Estimation of Vonoprazan in Real Human Plasma and Content Uniformity Test

Journal of Fluorescence - Vonoprazan (VON) has been approved recently via US-FDA in 2015 as the first in class of potassium competitive acid blocker group. VON is used for management of...     

通过控制钙和钾离子流抑制心脏中的螺旋波和时空混沌

采用LuoRudy91心脏模型研究螺旋波和时空混沌的控制,提出联合使用钙通道激动剂和钾通道阻滞剂的控制策略来增大钙离子电导率和减小钾离子电导率,达到消除心脏组织中的螺旋波和时空混沌的目的.数值模拟结果表明,该方法可以有效抑制螺旋波和时空混沌,即使介质存在无扩散功能的缺陷时该方法仍有效.对控制机制做简单探讨.     

丁酸氯维地平的波谱学数据与结构确证

丁酸氯维地平是一种短效二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂,对丁酸氯维地平的紫外吸收光谱（UV）、红外吸收光谱（IR）、核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）、氢-氢相关谱(¹H-¹H COSY)、核磁共振碳谱¹³C NMR、DEPT谱、碳氢相关谱(HMQC)、碳氢远程相关谱(HMBC)及质谱（MS）进行了解析,对其所有的NMR谱信号进行了归属;讨论了红外光谱特征吸收峰所对应的官能团的振动形式,确证了丁酸氯维地平的结构.     

Electron leakage effects on GaN-based light-emitting diodes

Nitride-based light-emitting diodes suffer from a reduction (droop) of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) with increasing injection current. Using advanced device simulation, we investigate the impact of electron leakage on the IQE droop for different properties of the electron blocker layer (EBL). The simulations show a strong influence of the EBL acceptor density on the droop. We also find that the electron leakage decreases with increasing temperature, which contradicts common assumptions.     

电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS在灌注液中的光谱特性

研究了电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS在溶液中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱特性.结果表明,染料的吸收峰在480 nm附近,加入钙阻断剂BDM不会影响染料的吸收峰位.染料在去离子水和新鲜台氏液中的荧光发射光谱峰位近似,而在灌注后的台氏液中染料的荧光峰位有蓝移现象.这些研究结果为心脏光学标测系统的设计提供了理论依据.     

In vivo optical neural recording using fiber-based surface plasmon resonance

We propose an intrinsic optical method for in vivo neural recording using optic fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena. The fiber-based SPR method is electrical artifact free, labeling free, and feasible for a portable system compared with conventional in vivo neural recording systems. We simultaneously detected SPR signals and electrical neural activity from the rat somatosensory cortex evoked by electrical stimulation on the forepaw. Pharmacological analysis using a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker confirmed the neural origins of the optical signals. This fiber-based SPR system promises the enhanced ability to record in vivo neural activity for the investigation of neurons and their networks.     

高效率高亮度红色有机电致磷光器件

在一种红色有机电致磷光器件中采用双(2-甲基-8-喹啉)4-联本氧基铝[bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenoJate aluminum,BAlq]为空穴和激子阻挡层,得到了效率、亮度和色度俱佳的发光器件。器件最高亮度为10362cd／m^2,最高外量子效率为7．0％,器件色坐标[Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(C1E)coordinates]为(0．672,0．321)。另外在大电流密度100mA／cm^2下,量子效率仍有4．3％。该器件性能指标基本能够满足彩色动态显示中对红色发光的要求。     

Carbenoxolone does not cross the blood brain barrier: an HPLC study

Background  

Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a widely used gap junctional blocker. Considering several reports indicating that transient gap junctional blockade could be a favourable intervention following injuries to central nervous tissue, and some current enthusiasm in studies using systemic injections of CBX, it is imperative to consider the penetration of CBX into central nervous tissue after systemic administrations. So far, only very indirect evidence suggests that CBX penetrates into the central nervous system after systemic administrations. We thus determined the amounts of CBX present in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid of rats after intraperitoneal administration, using high performance liquid chromatography     

Cardiac Excitation Waves under Strong Hyperkalemia Condition

Normal blood levels of potassium are critical for maintaining normal heart electrical rhythm. Both low blood potassium levels (hypokalemia) and high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can lead to abnormal heart rhythms. The aim of the work presented is to study the effect of potassium concentration on the excitation wave in the cardiac tissue. Results have been obtained both in the experimental model, which is a monolayer of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and in the modified Korhonen computer model, designed for ventricular rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The existence of non-sodium excitation waves under a strong hyperkalemia (more than 10 mM K + in the extracellular environment) in the cardiomyocyte monolayer has been found and has also be confirmed by inactivation of sodium channels with a specific channel blocker.     

混沌背景下信号的盲分离

混沌信号与确定性小信号叠加生成的混合信号是一更高维的混沌信号,因而不能用一般的混沌信号噪声抑制的方法进行分离.提出了一种这类信号盲分离的方法.在重构未知的混沌信号的动力方程时,充分利用混沌吸引子的几何特性,并且限定动力映射为原混沌吸引子所在流形的内部映射,从而保证了重构的动力系统方程对应于原混沌信号,而不是同样具有混沌特性的混合信号.然后利用重构的动力方程,借用混沌信号中的噪声抑制思想,估计出原混沌信号对应的轨道,实现信号分离.通过对Lorenz系统中谐波信号、Henon映象中自回归过程,以及脑电信号中谐波信号进行提取的数值实验,验证了信号盲分离方法的有效性和可行性. 关键词： 混沌 非线性 信号处理 盲分离     

阿齐沙坦的波谱学数据及结构确证

阿齐沙坦为新一代选择性AT-1亚型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂类抗高血压药，具有降压平稳、不引起干咳等优点，有较好的市场前景.本文对阿齐沙坦的紫外吸收光谱（UV）、红外吸收光谱（IR）、高分辨质谱（HRMS）、核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、HMQC、HMBC）数据进行了解析和归属，综合运用多种谱学方法确证了阿齐沙坦的结构.     

相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的改进

本文对现有相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行了改进,通过定义新的鉴频参量来同时利用相位调制信号直流和交流分量中的有用信息进行多普勒频移测量.由于相位调制信号直流分量中包含着调制信号光的Fabry-Perot干涉仪光强透过率,所以这一改进本质上是将基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的边缘技术激光多普勒频移测量方法的优势引入到相位调制测量方法中,以提高其自身的性能.理论上证明改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法无需对信号光的光强进行测量,所以可以进一步简化探测系统的结构和较少噪声混入的通道.另外,通过对改进前后鉴频和测量灵敏度曲线进行对比,还证明了其具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.实验上对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,不但证明了理论的正确性,而且证明了改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法,测量动态范围提高约1倍,测量标准偏差降低约35%.     

分数阶双稳系统中的非周期振动共振

在受二进制非周期信号和周期方波信号激励的分数阶双稳系统中,研究了非周期振动共振问题,用于微弱非周期信号的检测和增强.当非周期信号脉宽较大时,系统为小参数,通过调节周期方波信号的幅值,能够实现非周期振动共振.当非周期信号脉宽较小时,分别通过变尺度法和二次采样法实现了非周期振动共振.使用变尺度法,得到的大参数等价系统能够匹配任意小的非周期信号脉宽,其中变尺度系数是该方法在使用过程中需要选择的关键参数.使用二次采样法,二次采样后得到的非周期信号具有较大的脉宽,能够匹配原先的小参数系统,其中二次采样频率比是该方法使用过程中的关键参数.这两种方法虽然实现非周期振动共振的物理过程不同,但能够达到相同的效果.系统阶数对振动共振产生影响,随着阶数的增大,发生最佳振动共振时所需要的辅助信号幅值变大,同时系统输出的最佳时间序列与输入非周期信号之间的相似性增强.     

Comparative Study on Large and Small Signal Theory for Intensity Modulation Response of Semiconductor Lasers Including Higher-Order Dispersion Terms

In this article, the comparison of large signal theory and small signal theory has been done with dispersive propagation of optical signal with IMDD (Intensity Modulation Direct Detection) systems for semiconductor lasers with higher-order dispersion terms. The expressions for an exact large signal theory and small signal theory including higher-order dispersion terms for propagation of an optical wave with sinusoidal amplitude and frequency modulation in a dispersive fiber have been derived. It is observed that small signal theory is more sensitive compared to large signal theory in terms of intensity modulation/direct detection systems. Also, it is reported that for large signal analysis the higher-order effects of dispersion can be ignored, whereas for small signal theory, the higher-order effects can be ignored for lower modulation frequencies only. The variation in the transfer function for various values of modulation indices are greater for small signal analysis than for large signal analysis. Also, as the intensity modulation index is increased, there is a decrease in the value of transfer function. The large signal model approximates the small signal model for lower values of the intensity modulation index.     

Cuing effects for informational masking

The detection of a tone added to a random-frequency, multitone masker can be very poor even when the maskers have little energy in the frequency region of the signal. This paper examines the effects of adding a pretrial cue to reduce uncertainty for the masker or the signal. The first two experiments examined the effect of cuing a fixed-frequency signal as the number of masker components and presentation methods were manipulated. Cue effectiveness varied across observers, but could reduce thresholds by as much as 20 dB. Procedural comparisons indicated observers benefited more from having two masker samples to compare, with or without a signal cue, than having a single interval with one masker sample and a signal cue. The third experiment used random-frequency signals and compared no-cue, signal-cue, and masker-cue conditions, and also systematically varied the time interval between cue offset and trial onset. Thresholds with a cued random-frequency signal remained higher than for a cued fixed-frequency signal. For time intervals between the cue and trial of 50 ms or longer, thresholds were approximately the same with a signal or a masker cue and lower than when there was no cue. Without a cue or with a masker cue, analyses of possible decision strategies suggested observers attended to the potential signal frequencies, particularly the highest signal frequency. With a signal cue, observers appeared to attend to the frequency of the subsequent signal.