Hydroxyl radical formation upon dark oxidation of reduced iron minerals: Effects of iron species and environmental factors

Dark oxidation of reduced iron minerals can produce hydroxyl radical under ambient conditions.     

The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes coupling of oxidants for organic pollutants degradation: A mini-review

The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs) have been extensively applied in the treatment of organic pollutants degradation.Herein,the mini review provides the coupling systems about EAOPs and different oxidants(e.g.,persulfate(PS),peroxymonosulfate(PMS),and ozone(O_3)),including EAOPs-PS systems,EAOPs-PMS systems,EAOPs-peroxone systems,and photoelectro-oxidants systems,for the organic compounds degradation.The coupling system of EAOPs with oxidants is an effective way to improve the generated free radicals(e.g.,HO~·and SO_4~(·-)) concentration and to accelerate pollutant degradation.In this review,we make a summary of the homogeneous and heterogeneous EAOPs-oxidant processes.The reaction mechanisms of EAOPs combined with different oxidants are elucidated in detail,as well as the synergistic effect for improving the degradation and mineralization efficiency.     

The adsorption of acidic gaseous pollutants on metal and nonmetallic surface studied by first-principles calculation: A review

The acidic gases such as SO₂, NO_x, H₂S and CO₂ are typical harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which are also the main sources of PM_2.5. The most widely used method of treating these gas molecules is to capture them with different adsorption materials, i.e., metal and nonmetallic materials such as MnO₂, MoS₂ and carbon-based materials. And doping transition metal atoms in adsorption materials are beneficial to the gas adsorption process. The first-principles calculation is a powerful tool for studying the adsorption properties of contaminant molecules on different materials at the molecular and atomic levels to understand surface adsorption reactions, adsorption reactivity, and structure-activity relationships which can provide theoretical guidance for laboratory researches and industrial applications. This review introduces the adsorption models and surface properties of these gas molecules on metal and nonmetallic surfaces by first-principles calculation in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide the theoretical guidance for experimental research and industrial application, and to inspire scientists to benefit from first-principles calculation for applying similar methods in future work.     

Reductive immobilization and long-term remobilization of radioactive pertechnetate using bio-macromolecules stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles

Reductive immobilization of radioactive pertechnetate (⁹⁹TcO₄^?) in simulated groundwater was studied by prepared carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and starch stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), and long-term remobilization of reduced Tc was also evaluated under anoxic and oxic conditions. The stabilized nZVI can effectively reduce soluble ⁹⁹Tc(VII) to insoluble ⁹⁹Tc(IV), and they can be easily delivered into a contaminated groundwater zone and facilitate in situ remediation. In this study, CMC-stabilized nZVI showed higher reactivity than that using starch as the stabilizer. Batch experiments indicated that more than 99% of ⁹⁹Tc(VII) (C₀ = 12 mg/mL) was reduced and removed from groundwater by CMC-stabilized nZVI with a CMC content of 0.2% (w/w) at a broad pH of 5–8. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses further confirmed that ⁹⁹Tc(VII)O₄^? transformed into ⁹⁹Tc(IV)O₂ (s). The presence of bicarbonate exhibited insignificant effect on Tc immobilization, while humic acid (HA) inhibited reaction mainly due to retardation on electron transfer and formation of Tc(IV)-HA complexes. More interesting, the immobilized Tc(IV) remained insoluble even after 120 d under anoxic condition, while only ～21% was remobilized when exposed to air. Therefore, bio-macromolecules stabilized nZVI nanoparticles could be a viable alternative for in situ remediation of radioactive contamination in groundwater.     

Synthesis,properties and application of novel 5,6,5,6-tetracyclic pyrazine/pyrrole-fused unsymmetric bis(BF2) fluorescent dyes: BOPYPYs

Novel 5,6,5,6-tetracyclic pyrazine/pyrrole-fused unsymmetric bis(BF₂) fluorescent dyes (BOPYPYs) were obtained by reaction of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde with 1-(pyrazin-2-yl)hydrazine in the presence of Et₃N-BF₃·Et₂O for the first time. The absorption maxima of pyrazine-fused BOPYPY are obviously bathochromic shifts, in contrast to those of the reported BOPPY, indicating that the discrepant substitute groups between pyridine and pyrazine result in the remarkable wavelength difference. The new series of BOPYPYs possess high molar extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, and larger Stokes shifts. A Knoevenagel reaction of BOPYPY with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde smoothly produced the dye with the extension of π-conjugation. Dimethylamino-containing BOPYPY as a pH-responsive fluorescent sensor could detect pH value.