基于前向差分的一阶数值微分公式验证与实践

根据多项式插值理论,可以通过构造相应的插值多项式来逼近未知的目标函数,再进一步求一阶导数,从而得到该目标函数的一阶数值微分公式.对于此数值微分公式,探讨基于前向差分的未知目标函数的多点一阶微分近似公式;即,等间距情况下的二至十六个数据点的前向差分公式.计算机数值实验进一步验证与表明,该用于未知目标函数一阶数值微分的多点公式可以取得较高的计算精度.     

化肥需要量灰色预测模型参数的四阶求法

针对文[1]化肥需要量灰色预测模型误差较大且预测结果与定性分析矛盾的问题，本文提出和应用了确定Verhulst模型参数的四阶方法．并重新合理配置建模数据而得一预测模型．计算表明新模型与实际值的拟合精度提高近十倍，而且预测结果与定性分析完全一致．     

化肥需要量灰色预测模型参数的四阶求法

针对文［１］化肥需要量灰色预测模型误差较大且预测结果与定性分析矛盾的问题，本文提出和应用了确定Ｖｅｒｈｕｌｓｔ模型参数的四阶方法，并重新合理配置建模数据而得一预测模型．计算表明新模型与实际值的拟合精度提高近十倍，而且预测结果与定性分析完全一致．     

矩阵函数的极值问题

<正> 本文不涉及关于矩阵的微商,不用拉格朗日乘子法,而是通过讨论有限维欧氏空间的二次实值函数的极小化问题的简单引理,讨论矩阵的实值函数的若干极小问题,及其在统计学的线性模型理论中的应用.     

基于双分数阶变分光流模型的运动目标检测方法

变分光流法是常用的运动目标检测方法,应用场景中的光照变化会极大影响现存变分光流法的稳定性及准确率,提出基于分数阶的变分光流模型来提高光照变化鲁棒性.该模型将分数阶导数同时应用于经典变分光流模型的数据项及平滑项中;根据图像的数据特征,采用图像函数及光流向量函数的有限离散二重分数阶导数近似拟合求导结果计算光流向量,进而将光...     

ABC-EM算法对微商信息传播模型的参数估计

在基于不完备的实验数据条件下,利用近似贝叶斯计算-期望最大化(ABC-EM)算法估计复杂网络中离散时间的随机微商信息传播模型中的参数。首先通过分析微商网络的特点和微商信息传播机制,建立了适合微商信息传播模型的模型,即无知-传播-免疫(ISR)模型。此外,在尝试通过极大似然法(ML)和期望最大化算法(EM)来估计模型的参数失败之后,使用近似贝叶斯连续蒙特卡罗(ABC-SMC)来代替EM算法的E步,并且用ABC-EM算法成功地估计了模型中的参数。最后,仿真结果表明ABC-EM算法比极大似然法估计参数的准确性要高。     

广义线性模型组LASSO路径算法

广义线性模型组LASSO(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator)路径β(λ)的计算有两项核心内容:选择路径参数λ的取值;计算组LASSO估计,即给定λ值的β(λ).目前,在广义线性模型组LASSO路径的计算中,使用格点法选择λ值,基于广义线性模型似然函数一阶Taylor近似的坐标下降算法则常用于计算组LASSO估计.本文给出的广义线性模型组LASSO路径算法由两个子算法组成:第一个子算法的目的是选出使得活跃集恰好改变的λ值;第二个子算法是计算组LASSO估计的二阶近似坐标下降算法.模拟和实际数据分析均表明,第一个子算法能高效地发现使得活跃集恰好改变的λ值,相比基于广义线性模型似然函数一阶Taylor近似的坐标下降算法,本文的二阶近似算法有较明显的速度优势.     

散乱数据曲面拟合的局部加权最小二乘插值方法及权函数的选择讨论

本文首先用局部加权最小二乘法将三维空间内任意散乱数据点集均匀,再估计出立方体网格点上的偏导数值及混合偏导数值,最后仅用网格点数据进行快速光滑插值加密计算,从而可得到任意点处的函数值。通过对已知函数的随机数据点集进行计算,取得了令人满意的效果。同时,在最小二乘逼近过程中,本文提供了一种权函数,并与其它二种权函数进行分析比较,给出了各种情况下的误差。     

Steffensen方法的误差估计

用Newton法和某些多点迭代法来求解非线性方程 f(x)=0 (1)的零点,一般都要计算一阶导数值。有时在某些问题中会遇到导数计值代价远远超过函数计值代价,这样不带导数的多点迭代法就显得很重要了。Kung和Traub详细地考虑了Steffensen方法     

部分线性模型非参数分量的线性关系检验

对于部分线性模型中非参数部分是否为某一特定阶数(记为p)的多项式函数的检验问题,本文基于非参数函数在各点的p阶导函数估计值的样本方差构造了一个简单的检验统计量.给出了计算检验p-值的三阶矩χ2逼近方法.最后通过数值模拟验证了我们所提检验方法的有效性.     

The effect of glass fiber inelasticity on the long-term strength of reinforced plastics subject to uniaxial tension along the fibers

Relationships are presented for determining the long-term strength of reinforced plastics subject to uniaxial tension by a constant load directed along the fibers; these relationships are based on the rheological characteristics of the components of the plastics. The proposed expressions agree quite well with experiment. Treatment of the experimental data by mathematical statistics showed that the relative strain at fracture remains constant; it does not depend either on the relative reinforcement content or on the applied load (i. e., on the time to fracture).Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 719–725, 1967     

A Bayesian approach for analyzing case 2 interval-censored data under the semiparametric proportional odds model

Analyzing interval-censored data is difficult due to its complex data structure containing left-, interval-, and right-censored observations. An easy-to-implement Bayesian approach is proposed under the proportional odds (PO) model for analyzing such data. The nondecreasing baseline log odds function is modeled with a linear combination of monotone splines. Two efficient Gibbs samplers are developed based on two different data augmentations using the relationship between the PO model and the logistic distribution. In the first data augmentation, the logistic distribution is achieved by the scaled normal mixture with the scale parameter related to the Kolmogorov-Smirnove distribution. In the second data augmentation, the logistic distribution is approximated by a Student’s t distribution up to a scale constant. The proposed methods are evaluated by simulation studies and illustrated with an application of an HIV data set.     

Vibrocreep of polymeric materials

Experimental data on the static and vibrational creep of rigid porous polyurethane are used in an analysis of the time dependence of the vibrocreep coefficient and its dependence on the derivative of the stresses created by the incremental vibrational load and the static stress level. It is shown that at a constant value of the static stresses and the incremental vibrational load the vibrocreep coefficient decreases with time and in long-time vibrocreep tends to unity. As the parameter characterizing the vibrocreep coefficient for a given moment of time it is possible to employ the amplitude of the dynamic stress rate. The dependence proposed for describing the vibrocreep coefficient curves satisfactorily describes the experimental data. It is shown that the value of the vibrocreep coefficient does not depend on the static stress level (up to 0.5 of the short-time strength).For Communication 5, see [9].Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 643–647, July–August, 1970.     

Convergence of a third order method for fixed points in Banach spaces

In this paper, the semilocal convergence of a third order Stirling-like method used to find fixed points of nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces is established under the assumption that the first Fréchet derivative of the involved operator satisfies ??-continuity condition. It turns out that this convergence condition is weaker than the Lipschitz and the H?lder continuity conditions on first Fréchet derivative of the involved operator. The importance of our work lies in the fact that numerical examples can be given to show that our approach is successful even in cases where Lipschitz and H?lder continuity conditions on first Fréchet derivative fail. It also avoids the evaluation of second order Fréchet derivative which is difficult to compute at times. A priori error bounds along with the domains of existence and uniqueness of a fixed point are derived. The R-order of the method is shown to be equal to (2p?+?1) for p????(0,1]. Finally, two numerical examples involving nonlinear integral equations are worked out to show the efficacy of our approach.     

Characterization of short fiber reinforced polymers

This contribution presents ideas, how composite materials can be characterized with respect to experimental testing. The material properties of the investigated short glass fiber reinforced polymer are obtained by providing results from the experiment in order to seperate different material effects, such as elasticity, plasticity, damage, viscoelasticity, compressibility and anisotropy. Therefore, at first, linear uniaxial tensile tests with cyclic loadings have been realized. The application of the material in this work is the machining by a three-dimensional forming process. Hence, multiaxial loadings have to be additionally taken into account matching these conditions. In order to provide more information, biaxial tensile tests have to be realized using a testing device supplying the additional necessary experimental data [1, 2]. A final aim of this work is to develope a verification experiment representing the three-dimensional forming process as realistically as possible, e. g. a Nakajima test [4]. For this case, a three-dimensional optical analysis in order to get the necessary measurement data, is indispensable to realize an inverse method [3] by comparing the information of the complete deformation field as well as the force data of the experiment using a given material model. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solutions of model heat problems in Zygmund spaces

We consider the first boundary value problem and the oblique derivative problem for the heat equation in the model case where the domain is a half-layer and the coefficients of the boundary operator in the oblique derivative problem are constant. Under the corresponding assumptions on the problem data, we show that the solutions belong to anisotropic Zygmund spaces, which “close” the scale of anisotropic Hölder spaces for integer values of the smoothness exponent.     

A combined mixed finite element ADI scheme for solving Richards' equation with mixed derivatives on irregular grids

We propose and analyze an efficient numerical method for solving semilinear parabolic problems with mixed derivative terms on non-rectangular domains. The spatial semidiscretization process is based on an expanded mixed finite element scheme which, combined with suitable quadrature rules, is converted into a cell-centered finite difference scheme. This choice preserves the asymptotic accuracy and local conservation of mass of the method, while substantially reducing the computational cost of the totally discrete scheme. To obtain it, an alternating direction implicit scheme is used for the integration in time. The resulting numerical algorithm involves sets of uncoupled tridiagonal systems which can be solved in parallel. We set out some theoretical results of unconditional convergence (of second order in space and first order in time) for our method. Finally, a numerical experiment is shown in order to illustrate the theoretical results.     

两点混合边值问题的紧有限体积格式

本文针对常系数和变系数两点混合边值问题提出一种紧有限体积格式,该格式形成的线性代数方程组具有三对角性质,可以使用追赶法求解.证明格式按照H1半范数具有四阶收敛精度.利用节点计算值,给出单元中点值和一阶导数值的高精度后处理计算公式,这两个公式同样具有四阶精度.数值算例验证了理论分析的正确性,并说明了格式的有效性.     

Modeling non-Darcian flow and solute transport in porous media with the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative

In this study, the non-Darcian flow and solute transport in porous media are modeled with a revised Caputo derivative called the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative. The fractional Swartzendruber model is proposed for the non-Darcian flow in porous media. Furthermore, the normal diffusion equation is converted into a fractional diffusion equation in order to describe the diffusive transport in porous media. The proposed Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative models are addressed analytically by applying the Laplace transform method. Sensitivity analyses were performed for the proposed models according to the fractional derivative order. The fractional Swartzendruber model was validated based on experimental data for water flows in soil–rock mixtures. In addition , the fractional diffusion model was illustrated by fitting experimental data obtained for fluid flows and chloride transport in porous media. Both of the proposed fractional derivative models were highly consistent with the experimental results.     

Numerical solution of parabolic integro-differential equations by the discontinuous Galerkin method

The numerical solution of a parabolic equation with memory is considered. The equation is first discretized in time by means of the discontinuous Galerkin method with piecewise constant or piecewise linear approximating functions. The analysis presented allows variable time steps which, as will be shown, can then efficiently be selected to match singularities in the solution induced by singularities in the kernel of the memory term or by nonsmooth initial data. The combination with finite element discretization in space is also studied.