非确定性结构静动态特性稳健优化设计

本文研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求解。在考虑结构设计变量和其研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求 解. 在考虑结构设计变量和其他参数随机分布的前二阶矩的条件下,采用基于二阶摄动法的 随机有限元方法对结构响应的平均值和方差进行近似求解. 在摄动法有限元分析的框架下, 提出以一般函数形式表达的结构性能的平均值和标准差及其灵敏度的计算格式. 将结构 稳健性优化设计问题构造为双目标优化问题,优化目标包含结构性能函数的期望值和标准 差,约束函数的变异也给予考虑. 优化问题采用基于函数梯度的算法进行求解. 文中给出的数值算例显示了方法的有效性.     

地震作用下摩擦耗能减震结构优化

提出了地震作用下摩擦耗能支撑参数优化的一种新的数学模型。它的特点是在给定的几条地震波作用下,在满足框架的规范层间位移角限值要求下,框架各层安装的耗能支撑刚度之和最小,从而实现安装较少的耗能装置而能达到相同的抗震要求。本文利用遗传算法求解该优化问题,并编制了基于遗传算法的几条地震波分别作用下的摩擦耗能框架结构支撑参数弹塑性动力优化分析程序GAOFF。最后给出了一6层框架在三条地震波分别输入下的优化算例,分析结果表明本文方法是有效的。     

正交异性钢桥面系的多目标离散优化设计

将大跨径钢桥的正交异性钢桥面板和其上的铺装层作为钢桥面铺装体系整体进行多目标优化设计.取钢桥面铺装体系结构总重量最轻及铺装层使用年限最长两类指标构造目标函数,在此基础上采用功效函数法确定了目标函数的权重系数.应用正交异性钢桥面系力学性能控制指标和疲劳寿命预测公式,建立多目标优化设计的数学模型.引入蚂蚁算法,开发了钢桥面铺装体系结构多目标离散优化设计程序.以国内某大跨径钢桥为对象, 采用多目标优化设计方法, 给出钢桥面铺装体系中各参数的优化值.结果表明, 应用多目标优化设计方法对大跨径钢桥面铺装体系设计是可行的.研究成果可为大跨径钢桥面铺装体系结构的设计提供理论依据.     

直升机旋翼气弹动力学优化策略(Ⅱ)——多目标优化解法研究

在旋翼气弹动力学模型基础上进行了多目标优化问题的描述和分类,定义了多目标优化问题及其解,讨论了多目标优化问题的解法,提出了直升机旋翼气弹动力学多目标优化问题的解法.使用改进的遗传模拟退火算法、加权系数法、全局准则法相结合的混合式解法进行旋翼气弹动力学多目标优化问题的求解.算例结果表明:使用混合法的多目标优化解法设计变量变化平缓;同时设计目标函数的3次/转、4次/转、5次/转谐波振动载荷和桨叶总质量分别比初始设计减少13.4%、31.5%、20.9%和7.36%,优化效果明显.由本文的研究可知,在直升机旋翼气弹动力学多目标优化问题中,使用混合式多目标优化问题解法能使旋翼气弹动力学多目标优化收敛到Pareto最优解,同时可提高多目标优化问题解质量和结果的鲁棒性.     

基于遗传算法的半刚性连接钢框架设计

采用基于小生镜技术的遗传算法,对半刚性连接钢框架进行优化设计,针对其早熟现象和局部搜索能力差的缺点改进遗传算法。使用自适应策略改进交叉与变异算子。建立半刚性连接钢框架优化设计数学模型,编制了基于遗传算法的优化设计程序。运用这一优化算法可以直接从型钢截面表中选取截面,并在优化设计过程中考虑了连接可变性和二阶效应的影响。通过几个设计实例表明,考虑几何非线性会使用钢量增加,有支撑的情况下,半刚性连接较刚接用钢量经济。     

求解具有奇异性的桁架拓扑优化的遗传算法

采用遗传算法求解具有奇异最优解现象的桁架结构拓扑优化问题。在桁架结构拓扑优化的内力约束ε-放松列式基础上，根据遗传算法特点通过引入拓扑变量提出一种新的优化模型列式。在遗传算法中改进了适应度函数及约束处理方法、选择和交叉操作等，提高了求解算法的效率和可靠性。数值算例以及两种列式的对比分析表明，本文改进的遗传算法和新提出的优化模型列式，能够得到拓扑优化问题的全局最优解。     

拉延成形多目标序列响应面法优化设计方法

为了克服常规响应面法在整个设计空间进行逼近导致精度低和传统的单目标优化设计,只能针对其中的一个目标进行优化的缺陷,提出了一种多目标序列响应面法,优化设计拉延筋几何参数的方法. 该方法通过移动、缩放等方式在设计空间中不断更新兴趣域,在不同的兴趣域中将实验设计、响应面法和多目标粒子群优化算法相结合,获得了一组最小化起皱、拉裂缺陷的等效拉延阻力非劣解. 利用最小距离选解法从非劣解集中挑选出一组成形效果最好的解, 并以此解作为下一迭代步兴趣域的中心,直到收敛至一组最优的等效拉延约束阻力. 以最优等效拉延阻力为约束条件,利用等效拉延筋阻力模型结合遗传算法对拉延筋的真实几何参数进行设计. 优化设计的拉延筋几何参数提高了板料的成形性能. 算例表明,该方法具有较高的精度和较强的工程实用性.      

基于多目标优化NSGA2改进算法的结构动力学模型确认

传统结构动力学模型确认方法通常采用单目标优化,存在精度不足和稳定性差等缺点,难以满足实际工程需求。基于此,提出一种采用神经网络作为代理模型,建立以马氏距离和鲁棒性为不确定性量化指标的多目标优化模型,并将NSGA2多目标进化算法用于求解。针对NSGA2存在无法有效识别伪非支配解、计算效率低和解集质量较差等设计缺陷,提出一种基于支配强度的NSGA2改进算法INSGA2-DS。INSGA2-DS将支配强度引入非支配排序,采用新型拥挤距离公式和自适应精英保留策略,以提高收敛效率和解集质量。GARTEUR飞机算例的仿真结果表明,INSGA2-DS求解复杂工程问题时具有更好的收敛性和分布性,而考虑鲁棒性的结构动力学模型确认方法可以获得同时满足多种目标要求的Pareto解集,提高了模型确认的精度和稳定性。     

基于三线性分灾模型的结构多目标抗震优化设计

基于分灾抗震设计概念,发展了基于三线性分灾模型的结构多目标优化设计方法。以防屈曲支撑为分灾构件的框架结构为例,针对分灾构件设计参数,采用多目标遗传算法进行分灾结构多目标优化设计。最终得到了分灾框架结构分灾构件用量和层间位移角等重要特性的多目标优化关系,并进行了相关讨论。结果表明,结构多目标分灾优化模型可以综合考虑结构造价和抗震性能等,并可以根据目标偏好有效地满足设计需求;分灾构件对抗震性能的作用随着震级增大而增强,使用分灾构件的结构能够更好地抵御强震的作用。     

航天器天线桁架结构多目标优化设计

针对有附加结构的卫星天线桁架结构,提出了一种实现结构多目标优化的综合设计方法。首先,探讨了附加结构刚度对桁架结构动力学特性的影响,以便建立精确的有限元模型,为进行优化设计奠定基础。之后,交替采用代理模型方法和人机交互方式进行结构拓扑构型设计。其中代理模型是采用优化拉丁超立方法进行试验设计,结合径向基函数近似方法生成的。最后,应用NSGA-II全局优化方法实现以重量最小化和频率最大化的多目标优化设计,并根据分层图定量可视化地从Pareto前端和Pareto最优解集中筛选最优设计方案。优化结果表明,相对于初始方案可以在基频几乎不变的情况下,重量减小29.66%。该方法有利于提高设计效率,降低全局优化的复杂度,同时能够得到满足设计要求的设计方案,适用于多目标结构优化设计。     

主动约束阻尼板压电层电压拓扑优化研究

建立主动约束层阻尼板有限元模型,以结构模态阻尼比最大化为目标函数,压电层总电能消耗为约束条件,压电层单元控制电压为设计变量,对主动约束层阻尼板压电层电压进行了拓扑优化,获得了压电层电压最优拓扑分布。通过引入虚拟设计变量,将压电层电压控制不连续问题转化为连续问题。考虑实际工程应用的需要,采用指数函数对电压中间变量进行惩罚。在灵敏度分析基础上,采用移动渐进线(MMA)法,求解了主动约束层阻尼板电压拓扑优化问题。数值算例证实了电压拓扑优化模型以及数值求解方法的有效性。     

多工况结构拓扑优化的灰色权重折衷规划模型法

针对多工况结构拓扑优化问题中的载荷病态现象,基于RAMP (Rational Approximation of Material Properties)拓扑优化模型,提出应用灰色理论确定工况权重系数,并将应变能目标函数归一化的折衷规划模型法．通过专家评价方法获得工况权重系数的灰色区间,结合灰色理论计算工况权重系数灰色区间的精确值,并采用导重法推导出多工况结构拓扑优化问题的求解迭代表达式．通过定义载荷比描述载荷病态的程度,对多工况结构拓扑优化典型算例在不同载荷比及不同工况权重系数下进行结构拓扑优化分析．优化结果表明,灰色权重折衷规划模型及求解方法对多工况结构拓扑优化问题具有高效、稳定的特点,能够克服载荷病态问题,并通过大跨度甲板强横梁的结构拓扑优化设计证明本文设计方法的有效性．     

Optimization of 3D wings based on Navier-Stokes solutions and genetic algorithms

The problem of the aerodynamic shape optimization to minimum drag, subject to geometrical and aerodynamic constraints, is considered. An accurate and computationally efficient approach to the multiobjective constrained design of 3D aerodynamic wings is proposed. The optimization is driven by full Navier-Stokes computations and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The verification results include a variety of optimization cases for a classical test-case of ONERA M6 wing in transonic flight conditions. The method allows to significantly reduce the total drag of optimized wings, while exhibiting high robustness and keeping CFD computational volume to an acceptable level.     

基于广义可靠性的随机模糊杆系结构优化设计

研究了随机参数杆系结构的广义可靠性优化设计问题。导出了随机荷载作用下以模糊许用值为条件的结构广义可靠度计算公式;建立了以杆截面为设计变量、结构重量均值为目标函数、结构模糊位移和单元模糊强度广义可靠度为约束条件的优化数学模型;通过引入罚函数,将原广义可靠性约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题,利用遗传算法求解。设计结果表明:文中提出的模型和计算公式是可行有效的。     

An analytical approach to optimally design of electrorheological fluid damper for vehicle suspension system

This work develops an analytical approach to optimally design electrorheological (ER) dampers, especially for vehicle suspension system. The optimal design considers both stability and ride comfort of vehicle application. After describing the schematic configuration and operating principle of the ER damper, a quasi-static model is derived on the basis of Bingham rheological laws of ER fluid. Based on the quasi-static model, the optimization problem for the ER damper is built. The optimization problem is to find optimal value of significant geometric dimensions of the ER damper, such as the ER duct length, ER duct radius, ER duct gap and the piston shaft radius, that maximize damping force of the ER damper. The two constrained conditions for the optimization problem are: the damping ratio of the damper in the absence of the electric field is small enough for ride comfort and the buckling condition of the piston shaft is satisfied. From the proposed optimal design, the optimal solution of the ER damper constrained in a specific volume is obtained. In order to evaluate performance of the optimized ER damper, simulation result of a quarter-car suspension system installed with the optimized ER damper is presented and compared with that of the non-optimized ER damper suspension system. Finally, the optimal results of the ER damper constrained in different volumes are obtained and presented in order to figure out the effect of constrained volume on the optimal design of ER damper.     

A LEVEL-VALUE ESTIMATION METHOD FOR SOLVING GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION

A level-value estimation method was illustrated for solving the constrained global optimization problem. The equivalence between the root of a modified variance equation and the optimal value of the original optimization problem is shown. An alternate algorithm based on the Newton's method is presented and the convergence of its implementable approach is proved. Preliminary numerical results indicate that the method is effective.     

An optimal method for seismic drift design of concrete buildings using gradient and Hessian matrix calculations

This paper describes a novel seismic optimal design method for the reinforced concrete frame. First, an optimal mathematical model with time-dependent constraints, i.e., inter-story drift constraints, is established for achieving minimum weight design. Second, the inequality constraint problem with time-dependent constraints is converted into a sequence of appropriately formed unconstrained problems using the integral interior point penalty function method. Third, an efficient algorithm of the first and second derivatives of the inter-story drift with respect to design variables is formulated based on Newmark-β method. Gradient and Hessian matrix of the integral interior penalty function are also computed. Fourth, Marquardt’s method is employed to solve a sequence of unconstrained problems. Finally, the minimum weight design of a three-story, two-bay planar frame is demonstrated using the new optimization method and the augmented Lagrange multiplier method. The comparative results show the seismic optimal design method presented in this paper is more efficient than the augmented Lagrange multiplier method in terms of computational time. The proposed new method is an effective and efficient approach for minimum weight design of the reinforced concrete frames subjected to earthquake excitation.     

Airfoil design optimization based on lattice Boltzmann method and adjoint approach

We present a new aerodynamic design method based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the adjoint approach. The flow field and the adjoint equation are numerically simulated by the GILBM (generalized form of interpolation supplemented LBM) on non-uniform meshes. The first-order approximation for the equilibrium distribution function on the boundary is proposed to diminish the singularity of boundary conditions. Further, a new treatment of the solid boundary in the LBM is described particularly for the airfoil optimization design problem. For a given objective function, the adjoint equation and its boundary conditions are derived analytically. The feasibility and accuracy of the new approach have been perfectly validated by the design optimization of NACA0012 airfoil.     

A stabilized finite element method for shape optimization in low Reynolds number flows

A gradient‐based optimization procedure based on a continuous adjoint approach is formulated and implemented for steady low Reynolds number flows. A stabilized finite element formulation is proposed to solve the adjoint equations. The accuracy of the gradients from the adjoint approach is verified against the ones computed from a simple finite difference procedure. The validation of the formulation and its implementation is carried out via flow past an elliptical bump whose eccentricity is used as a design parameter. Shape design studies for the elliptical bump are then carried on with a more complex 4th order Bézier parametrization of the bump. Results for, both, optimal design and inverse problems are presented. Using different initial guesses, multiple optimal shapes are obtained. A multi‐objective function with additional constraints on the volume and the drag coefficient of the bump is utilized. It is seen that as more constraints are added to the objective function the design space is constrained and the multiple optimal shapes become progressively similar to each other. The study demonstrates the usefulness of this tool in obtaining multiple engineering solutions to a given design problem and also providing a framework to impose multiple constraints simultaneously. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New smooth gap function for box constrained variational inequalities

A new smooth gap function for the box constrained variational inequality problem(VIP) is proposed based on an integral global optimality condition.The smooth gap function is simple and has some good differentiable properties.The box constrained VIP can be reformulated as a differentiable optimization problem by the proposed smooth gap function.The conditions,under which any stationary point of the optimization problem is the solution to the box constrained VIP,are discussed.A simple frictional contact problem is analyzed to show the applications of the smooth gap function.Finally,the numerical experiments confirm the good theoretical properties of the method.