非规则形状介质内辐射-导热耦合传热的间断有限元求解

采用间断有限元法(discontinuous finite element method,DFEM)求解非规则形状介质内的辐射导热耦合传热问题,得到了典型非规则形状介质内辐射导热耦合传热问题的高精度数值结果.和传统连续型有限元方法不同,DFEM将计算区域划分成相互独立的离散单元,形函数的构造、未知量的加权近似以及控制方程的求解均在每一个离散单元上进行.通过在单元之间施加迎风格式的数值通量,DFEM保证了整个计算区域的连续性,因此这种方法兼具良好的几何灵活性和局部守恒性.推导了辐射传输方程和能量扩散方程的射导热耦合传热问题,得到了典型非规则形状介质内辐射导热耦合传热的高精度数值结果.     

梯度折射率介质瞬态辐射-导热耦合传热

多维辐射-导热耦合传热问题有广泛的应用背景。本文采用有限元法对辐射传递方程的离散坐标形式进行离散,并采用有限元法求解瞬态辐射-导热耦合能量方程,研究二维方腔半透明参与性梯度折射率介质内瞬态耦合传热,考虑第一类热边界条件,分析了折射率分布、衰减系数、散射反照率及散射相函数对对瞬态耦合传热的影响。结果表明,梯度折射率对瞬态耦合传热影响显著。     

辐射换热的输运模拟研究

本文从辐时与传输的基本原理出发，引进辐射推动力及流热参数的概念，建立了一般情况下辐射传热的二阶微分方程的数学模型。该方程具有传输方程的特点，使得辐射传热的处理在方法上与导热、流动问题相一致。     

垂直壁前置以薄层多孔材料时自然对流与辐射传热

本文导出了垂直等热流壁前置以薄层高空隙率多孔介质条件下自然对流与辐射传热的控制方程,分别用数值和摄动方法求得了积分方程的数值解和零级、一级近似解.本文实验选用一层到三层不锈钢网作为多孔材料.实验表明,金属网显著地抑制了传热,网的层数、目数和间距对抑制传热的经济效果十分关键.理论所得的结果与实验吻合较好.     

隔热板对近场辐射影响的研究

本文以关于两半无限大辐射热源间的并矢格林函数为基础利用传递矩阵法,在不考虑温度对介电常数影响的情况下以SiC材料为例,研究了隔热板对近场辐射传热的影响.研究结果表明,隔热板对近场辐射的影响完全不同于常规尺度辐射问题,近场下的净辐射热流不仅受隔热板的相对厚度的影响,而且受隔热板位置的影响.所得的结论对近场辐射传热的热设计具有一定的指导意义。     

新乌龟坐标变换下的动态Kinnersley黑洞的Hawking辐射

采用两种新的乌龟坐标变换,用改进的Damour-Ruffini方法研究了动态Kinnersley黑洞的Hawking辐射.在新乌龟坐标变换下,将Klein-Gordon方程在视界附近变换成平直时空的标准波动方程形式,得到了黑洞的表面引力及Hawking温度,该温度在黑洞表面不同点有不同的值.值得注意的是,旧的乌龟坐标变换存在量纲错误,新乌龟坐标变换没有量纲问题,选不同的旧乌龟坐标变换计算同一黑洞所得结果不同,但是采用不同的新乌龟坐标变换所得结果仍然不同. 关键词： 黑洞 乌龟坐标变换 Hawking辐射 Klein-Gorden方程     

蒸汽-冷流体接触冷凝流动的数值模拟

介绍了关于蒸汽-冷流体直接接触冷凝流动与传热的数值计算模型与部分研究结果。用Level Set方法确定蒸汽-冷流体接触界面的位置和形状,建立了对蒸汽和冷流体普遍适用的动量、能量和质量守恒方程,在能量和质量寺恒方程中增加了部分项用于计算蒸汽冷凝所产生的影响。用有限差分法在交错网格上离散控制方程,用Runge-Kutta法-五阶WENO组合格式求解Level Set输运方程,用压力修正的迭代Projection方法求解动量方程,而用SIMPLE方法求解温度控制方程。对算例的计算结果表明,本文所建立的数值计算模型能反映物理现象的宏观特性。根据计算结果,分析了本文模型的优缺点,并指出了今后改进的方向。     

基于微分单元的圆柱内辐射导热耦合传热分析

本文充分利用微分单元法不涉及积分、较为稳定、易于实施的特点,进行圆柱坐标系下辐射与导热耦合传热分析.在求解过程中,将热辐射的空间和角度耦合成三维计算域求解,实现空间和角度的高阶离散.针对具有强对流特性的辐射传递方程,采用一种迎风格式可有效抑制数值振荡,实现稳定计算.由于辐射边界条件与导热和对流边界条件不同,它是具有方向性的单向边界条件,且在边界处会存在强烈的间断性和奇异点.为了有效抑制间断并处理奇异点,本文提出双层间断节点方案.通过与文献中圆柱坐标系下辐射与导热耦合传热算例进行对比分析,发现微分单元模型在空间和角度方向上均能实现高分辨率刻画,获得较好的计算精度.     

按辐射噪声平均功率谱形状识别船舶目标

本文介绍根据辐射噪声的平均功率谱的形状识别两种不同型号的船舶目标的方法。通过给船舶辐射噪声的自相关函数及功率谱密度函数以“Ecs”噪声的模型,并对这种噪声模型进行详尽的分析,找到了为数很少的有效识别特征。利用平均功率谱的最大值位置M和归一化平均功率谱级的二阶中心矩m_2作为识别特征,采用分段线性分类器的“M-m_2平面分割法”对两种不同型号船舶目标的正确识别率达到92％。本文说明,根据辐射噪声的平均功率谱级曲线的形状来识别不同类型的船舶目标的方法是有效的。与通常采用的相关分类法、距离分类法、加权距离分类法等几种方法相比,本文提出的M-m_2平面分割法的性能是优越的。     

静电系统中电子运动轨迹的理论

本文研究静电场中电子运动轨迹的理论,共分四部分。第一部分研究轨迹方程。利用变分原理,导出正交曲面坐标系中轨迹的普遍方程,着重研究了可化为二维坐标系的情形,导出了广义傍轴轨迹方程。第二部分讨论轨迹条件。求得轨迹与某曲线族重合的充分与必要条件,并进行了研究;讨论了电子运动轨迹的稳定性问题,求得轨迹稳定的条件。第三部分求解空间电荷流的普遍方程。得到的解表明,二分之三次方定律可推广至普遍情形。第四部分讨论按给定曲线构成正交系的原则,给出四种不同构成正交系方法的具体方程。     

Transmission of radiation through an aerosol medium

The properties of radiation through an aerosol medium have been achieved. This has been done by employing Mie scattering theory to calculate the radiation transfer scattering parameters in the form of extinction, absorption and scattering efficiencies. The equation of radiative transfer for the heat flux through a plane parallel atmosphere of aerosol has been solved. The aerosol size distributions are found in practical systems. Average efficiencies over size distribution for spherical particles of complex refractive index are calculated. Therefore, the radiative properties of stratospheric aerosols have been done. The obtained results found to be in a good agreement with the previous work.     

Radiation heat transfer between specularly and diffusely reflecting surfaces

Radiation heat transfer between specularly and diffusely reflecting plane surfaces is exactly analyzed based on radiation intensity without employing the image method. With this analysis, specular reflection can be treated easier than with the image method, leading to possible formulation of the basic equation in defiance of the number of specular reflections. The basic equation is applied to the simple two-dimensional radiation transfer system, from which approximate expressions are made for the surfaces nearly perfectly reflecting diffusely and for those nearly perfectly reflecting specularly. Numerical solutions are obtained of both exact and approximate expressions for systems of parallel plates and adjoint plates. It is confirmed that the approximations are quite acceptable, except for the case with very low emittance. The mean heat fluxes over the plate obtained by approximate solutions agree well with those by exact expressions.     

管内高温介质层流入口段中的热辐射作用

数值研究了高温介质密度随温度变化时,管内层流入口段耦合换热中的热辐射作用。采用离散坐标法、控制容积法耦合求解辐射传递方程、能量方程及N-S方程。考察了中等大小光学厚度下,热辐射作用对介质内速度分布、温度分布以及换热的影响。结果表明,即使在不大的光学厚度下,热辐射作用对管内高温介质层流入口段耦合换热的速度场与换热强度都有明显影响。     

Transient heat transfer in a spherical protective material, submitted to flux and mixed boundary conditions: an investigation on zirconia

An analytic solution is presented for describing combined radiation and conduction heat transfer in a spherical fiber thermal protection exposed to combined radiative and convective heating. The solution includes the equation of radiative transfer within the material, coupled to a transient energy equation that contains both radiative and convective terms. At elevated temperatures radiative transfer becomes important, and if several hot surfaces view each other, the radiation exchange process must be considered carefully. Some thermal protections are partially transparent to thermal radiation. Hence, an exchange process is complicated by radiation penetrating into and coming out of material. The radiation leaving an area depends on the temperature distribution inside that area and that is unknown and is affected by the exchange process to other areas. The analysis has allowed for unlimited spectral detail but assumes that the various material properties do not vary significantly with temperature. Transient temperature distributions are obtained for the boundary conditions of external radiation and convection. The present analysis includes the influence of reflectivity, surface radiative properties and spectral properties on the temperature distributions.     

微结构气体夹层的导热和辐射比较

气体夹层作为散热或绝热机构在微传感器、微驱动器等微器件中是经常出现的。通常认为,气体夹层的导热是微结构表面间热量传递的主要方式,而表面间的热辐射可以忽略不计。本文比较了不同尺度和温度下电介质材料表面间导热和辐射换热的相对强弱,发现当辐射表面间距离只有十几个纳米的时候,辐射换热会大大强于导热。根据不同尺度和温度下导热和辐射相对强弱的不同,对微结构中电介质材料表面间热传递的主要方式进行了划分。     

LIGHT SCATTERING AND INFRARED RADIATION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS

In this paper, the characteristic of light scattering and infrared radiation of spatial objects are discussed. The spectral distribution of solar, sky and earth background radiation is given. Based on theories of heat transfer, background radiation and the law of energy conservation, the thermal balance equation for spatial objects can be obtained. With the equation solved and thermal meshwork method, the variation of the thermal equilibrium temperature and radiation power with height is discussed under the conditions of different time zone and altitude.     

Cobmecтhaя диффuзия фop;oh;ob и khcy;acтиц b пoлuБecкoheчhom пpocтpahcтbe—I pacпpeдeлehиe boзБuждehhьч aтomob b пoлuБecкoheчhom пpocтpahcтbe

The excited atom distribution produced by the simultaneous action process, namely, excitation transfer by radiation in a spectral line and spce movement of excited atoms, is considered. A kinetic equation describing these process is analysed. For steady-state conditions, an adympototic analytical solutio id obtained. This solution describes the concentration distribution of excited atoms for a plane geometry in a region which is a distance exceeding the effective free path away from the surface limiting the volume.The influence on the general solution of either the excitation transfer process id found as a function of the parameters involved.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium

This article numerically analyses the combined conductive and radiative heat transfer in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium. The non-Fourier heat conduction equation, which includes the time lag between heat flux and the temperature gradient, is used to model the conductive heat transfer in the medium. It predicts that a temperature disturbance will propagate as a wave at finite speed. The radiative heat transfer is solved using the P₃ approximation method. In addition, the MacCormack's explicit predictor-corrector scheme is used to solve the non-Fourier problem. The effects of radiation including single scattering albedo, conduction-to-radiation parameter, and optical thickness of the medium on the transient and steady state temperature distributions are investigated in detail. Analysis results indicate that the internal radiation in the medium significantly influences the wave nature. The thermal wave nature in the combined non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation is more obvious for large values of conduction-to-radiation parameter, small values of optical thickness and higher scattering medium. The results from non-Fourier-effect equation are also compared to those obtained from the Fourier equation. Non-Fourier effect becomes insignificant as either time increases or the effect of radiation increases.     

Numerical solution to the plane heat-mass transfer problem in a system of focused radiation flux-liquid condensed substance film-oxidizer

The plane problem of heat and mass transfer in a focused radiation flux-liquid condensed substance film-oxidizer system is numerically solved. Peculiarities of heat and mass transfer at radiation energy absorption by a vapor-gas mixture near the liquid surface are analyzed. The influence of the radiation density distribution in a flux and the liquid and oxidizer parameters on the conditions of heat and mass transfer is assessed.