Observer-based fault detection for networked control systems with network Quality of Services

This paper addresses the problem of the fault detection for linear time-invariant systems over data networks with limited network Quality of Services (QoS). An integrated index _ηk${\eta }_k$, which related with data dropout, network-induced delay and error sequence, is presented to described the non-ideal QoS, the probabilistic switching between different _ηk${\eta }_k$ is assumed to obey a homogeneous Markovian chain. Then by view of the augmented matrices approach, the fault detection error dynamic systems are transferred to Markov jumping systems (MJSs). With the developed model and using the bounded real lemma (BRL) for MJSs, an _H∞$H_{\infty }$ observer-based fault detection filter is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee that the error between the residual and the weighted faults is made as small as possible. A simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the present methods.     

Robust fault detection of Markovian jump systems with different system modes

This paper deals with the robust fault detection filter (RFDF) design problems for uncertain nonlinear Markovian jump systems with unknown input. By using a observer-based fault detection filter as residual generator, the RFDF design is formulated as an _H∞$H_{\infty }$-filtering problem. Particularly, two different Markov processes are considered for modeling the randomness of system matrix and the state delay. With the aid of the weighting matrix function, the design objective is to find an optimal RFDF, which results in a minimal difference between the reference model and the RFDF to be designed. By using a new convex polyhedron technique and two mode-dependent Lyapunov functional, some new sufficient conditions are established in terms of delay-dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to synthesize the residual generation scheme. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.     

Randomly weighted self-normalized Lévy processes

Let (_Ut,_Vt)$(U_t,V_t)$ be a bivariate Lévy process, where _Vt$V_t$ is a subordinator and _Ut$U_t$ is a Lévy process formed by randomly weighting each jump of _Vt$V_t$ by an independent random variable _Xt$X_t$ having cdf F$F$. We investigate the asymptotic distribution of the self-normalized Lévy process _Ut/_Vt$U_t/V_t$ at 0 and at ∞$\infty$. We show that all subsequential limits of this ratio at 0 (∞$\infty$) are continuous for any nondegenerate F$F$ with finite expectation if and only if _Vt$V_t$ belongs to the centered Feller class at 0 (∞$\infty$). We also characterize when _Ut/_Vt$U_t/V_t$ has a non-degenerate limit distribution at 0 and ∞$\infty$.     

Poincaré type inequalities for group measure spaces and related transportation cost inequalities

Let G be a countable discrete group with an orthogonal representation α on a real Hilbert space H  . We prove _Lp$L_p$ Poincaré inequalities for the group measure space _L∞(_ΩH,γ)?G$L_{\infty }({\Omega }_H,\gamma )?G$, where both the group action and the Gaussian measure space (_ΩH,γ)$({\Omega }_H,\gamma )$ are associated with the representation α  . The idea of proof comes from Pisier?s method on the boundedness of Riesz transform and Lust-Piquard?s work on spin systems. Then we deduce a transportation type inequality from the _Lp$L_p$ Poincaré inequalities in the general noncommutative setting. This inequality is sharp up to a constant (in the Gaussian setting). Several applications are given, including Wiener/Rademacher chaos estimation and new examples of Rieffel?s compact quantum metric spaces.     

On fractal properties of non-normal numbers with respect to Rényi f-expansions generated by piecewise linear functions

The paper is devoted to the study of fractal properties of subsets of the set of non-normal numbers with respect to Rényi f  -expansions generated by continuous increasing piecewise linear functions defined on [0,+∞)$[0,+\infty )$. All such expansions are expansions for real numbers generated by infinite linear IFS f={_f0,_f1,…,_fn,…}$f=\{f_0,f_1,\dots ,f_n,\dots \}$ with the following list of ratios _Q∞=(_q0,_q1,…,_qn,…)$Q_{\infty }=(q_0,q_1,\dots ,q_n,\dots )$.     

An application of weighted Hardy spaces to the Navier–Stokes equations

In this article, we consider the mapping properties of convolution operators with smooth functions on weighted Hardy spaces H^p(w)$H^p(w)$ with w   belonging to Muckenhoupt class _A∞$A_{\infty }$. As a corollary, one obtains decay estimates of heat semigroup on weighted Hardy spaces. After a weighted version of the div–curl lemma is established, these estimates on weighted Hardy spaces are applied to the investigation of the decay property of global mild solutions to Navier–Stokes equations with the initial data belonging to weighted Hardy spaces.     

On deformations of triangulated models

This paper is the first part of a project aimed at understanding deformations of triangulated categories, and more precisely their dg and _A∞$A_{\infty }$ models, and applying the resulting theory to the models occurring in the Homological Mirror Symmetry setup. In this first paper, we focus on models of derived and related categories, based upon the classical construction of twisted objects over a dg or _A∞$A_{\infty }$-algebra. For a Hochschild 2 cocycle on such a model, we describe a corresponding “curvature compensating” deformation which can be entirely understood within the framework of twisted objects. We unravel the construction in the specific cases of derived _A∞$A_{\infty }$ and abelian categories, homotopy categories, and categories of graded free qdg-modules. We identify a purity condition on our models which ensures that the structure of the model is preserved under deformation. This condition is typically fulfilled for homotopy categories, but not for unbounded derived categories.     

Smooth densities for solutions to stochastic differential equations with jumps

We consider a solution _xt$x_t$ to a generic Markovian jump diffusion and show that for any _t0>0$t_0>0$ the law of _xt0$x_{t_0}$ has a C^∞$C^{\infty }$ density with respect to the Lebesgue measure under a uniform version of the Hörmander conditions. Unlike previous results in the area the result covers a class of infinite activity jump processes. The result is accomplished using carefully crafted refinements to the classical arguments used in proving the smoothness of density via Malliavin calculus. In particular, we provide a proof that the semimartingale inequality of J. Norris persists for discontinuous semimartingales when the jumps are small.     

Coalescence in the recent past in rapidly growing populations

In a rapidly growing population one expects that two individuals chosen at random from the n$n$th generation are unlikely to be closely related if n$n$ is large. In this paper it is shown that for a broad class of rapidly growing populations this is not the case. For a Galton–Watson branching process with an offspring distribution {_pj}$\left\{p_j\right\}$ such that _p0=0$p_0=0$ and ψ(x)=_{∑jpjI{j≥x}}$\psi \left(x\right)={\sum }_j{p}_j{I}_{\{j\ge x\}}$ is asymptotic to x^−αL(x)$x^{-\alpha }L\left(x\right)$ as x→∞$x\to \infty$ where L(⋅)$L(\cdot )$ is slowly varying at ∞$\infty$ and 0<α<1$0<\alpha <1$ (and hence the mean m=∑j_pj=∞$m=\sum j{p}_j=\infty$) it is shown that if _Xn$X_n$ is the generation number of the coalescence of the lines of descent backwards in time of two randomly chosen individuals from the n$n$th generation then n−_Xn$n-X_n$ converges in distribution to a proper distribution supported by N={1,2,3,…}$\mathbb{N}=\{1,2,3,\dots \}$. That is, in such a rapidly growing population coalescence occurs in the recent past rather than the remote past. We do show that if the offspring mean m$m$ satisfies 1<m≡∑j_pj<∞$1<m\equiv \sum j{p}_j<\infty$ and _p0=0$p_0=0$ then coalescence time _Xn$X_n$ does converge to a proper distribution as n→∞$n\to \infty$, i.e., coalescence does take place in the remote past.     

On spectral properties of a new operator over sequence spaces c and c0

In this work, we classify and calculate spectra such as point spectrum, continuous spectrum and residual spectrum over sequences spaces ?_∞, c${?}_{\infty },\hspace{0.17em}c$ and c₀ according to a new matrix operator W which is obtained by matrix product.     

Relative weak injectivity of operator system pairs

The concept of a relatively weakly injective pair of operator systems is introduced and studied in this paper, motivated by relative weak injectivity in the C*-algebra category. E. Kirchberg [11] proved that the C^?${\mathrm{C}}^{?}$-algebra C^?(_F∞)${\mathrm{C}}^{?}({\mathbb{F}}_{\infty })$ of the free group _F∞${\mathbb{F}}_{\infty }$ on countably many generators characterises relative weak injectivity for pairs of C^?${\mathrm{C}}^{?}$-algebras by means of the maximal tensor product. One of the main results of this paper shows that C^?(_F∞)${\mathrm{C}}^{?}({\mathbb{F}}_{\infty })$ also characterises relative weak injectivity in the operator system category. A key tool is the theory of operator system tensor products  and .     

Hypergroups and invariant complemented subspaces

Let K   be a hypergroup with a Haar measure. The purpose of the present paper is to initiate a systematic approach to the study of the class of invariant complemented subspaces of _L∞(K)$L_{\infty }(K)$ and _C0(K)$C_0(K)$, the class of left translation invariant w^?$w^{?}$-subalgebras of _L∞(K)$L_{\infty }(K)$ and finally the class of non-zero left translation invariant C^?$C^{?}$-subalgebras of _C0(K)$C_0(K)$ in the hypergroup context with the goal of finding some relations between these function spaces. Among other results, we construct two correspondences: one, between closed Weil subhypergroups and certain left translation invariant w^?$w^{?}$-subalgebras of _L∞(K)$L_{\infty }(K)$, and another, between compact subhypergroups and a specific subclass of the class of left translation invariant C^?$C^{?}$-subalgebras of _C0(K)$C_0(K)$. By the help of these two characterizations, we extract some results about invariant complemented subspaces of _L∞(K)$L_{\infty }(K)$ and _C0(K)$C_0(K)$.