微波辅助合成发光可调ZnS∶Cu纳米晶

以巯基丙酸(MPA)为稳定剂, 利用微波辐射加热方法制备了水溶性的Cu掺杂的ZnS纳米晶. 通过改变微波条件, 可以在460～572 nm之间实现对ZnS∶Cu纳米晶发射峰位的连续调控. 通过XRD、 UV-Vis、荧光及荧光衰减对ZnS∶Cu纳米晶的结构和发光性质进行了详细探索, 并利用时间分辨荧光光谱对其发光机理进行了初步研究.     

微波辅助合成发光可调ZnS∶Cu纳米晶

以巯基丙酸(MPA)为稳定剂,利用微波辐射加热方法制备了水溶性的Cu掺杂的ZnS纳米晶.通过改变微波条件,可以在460~572nm之间实现对ZnS∶Cu纳米晶发射峰位的连续调控.通过XRD、UV-Vis、荧光及荧光衰减对ZnS∶Cu纳米晶的结构和发光性质进行了详细探索,并利用时间分辨荧光光谱对其发光机理进行了初步研究,     

Zn_xCd_(1-x)S∶Ag纳米晶的合成及其光学性质研究

以巯基丙酸(MPA)为稳定剂,利用共沉淀法制备了水溶性的Ag掺杂的ZnxCd1-xS合金型纳米晶.Ag掺杂后ZnxCd1-xS纳米晶产生新的发射峰,并且发光效率得到了有效提高.通过改变纳米粒子中Zn/Cd比例可有效地调控ZnxCd1-xS∶Ag纳米晶的吸收带隙宽度,同时可以在425~603 nm之间实现对ZnxCd1-xS∶Ag纳米晶发射峰位的连续调控.     

ZnxCd1-xS∶Ag纳米晶的合成及其光学性质研究

以巯基丙酸(MPA)为稳定剂, 利用共沉淀法制备了水溶性的Ag掺杂的ZnxCd1-xS合金型纳米晶. Ag掺杂后ZnxCd1-xS纳米晶产生新的发射峰, 并且发光效率得到了有效提高. 通过改变纳米粒子中Zn/Cd比例可有效地调控ZnxCd1-xS∶Ag纳米晶的吸收带隙宽度, 同时可以在425～603 nm之间实现对ZnxCd1-xS∶Ag纳米晶发射峰位的连续调控.     

蔗渣纳米纤维素的制备与表征

以甘蔗渣为原料,通过无废酸的一步法、两步法和三步法制备了蔗渣纳米纤维素(BNC),并与酸解法进行对比.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)等手段表征了纳米纤维素的光谱性质、形貌结构、结晶性能及热稳定性能.结果表明,4种方法处理后纤维形貌尺寸均可达到纳米级别且在一定浓度的水溶液中均可形成类果冻状的胶体,其中酸解法和三步法所制备的纳米纤维素长径比较小,形貌多为短棒状,在水溶液中分散稳定性较好,可稳定悬浮超过30 d;一步法和两步法所制备的纳米纤维素长径比较大,为类纤维状结构,分散稳定性相对较差,但也可稳定悬浮至少5 d;一步法所制备的纳米纤维素晶型为纤维素Ⅰ型和纤维素Ⅱ型的混合物,两步法、三步法和酸解法处理后的纤维晶型没有改变,仍然保持纤维素Ⅰ型.与酸解法相比,无废酸法所制备的纳米纤维素热稳定性更优,无废酸法工艺简单,反应条件温和,而酸解法反应步骤繁复,会产生大量废酸增加后续处理成本.     

高质量尺寸可调CuFeS2纳米晶的合成与光电性质

制备了单分散性良好且尺寸可调的具有荧光性质的CuFeS2纳米晶,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UVVis)、荧光光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、元素分析和光电流测试等技术对其组分和结构进行了表征,分析了CuFeS2纳米晶尺寸变化对吸收光谱和光电响应行为的影响规律.随着CuFeS2纳米晶尺寸增大,其吸收峰位表现出符合量子尺寸效应的相应红移;具有荧光性质的CuFeS2纳米晶可控制备预示其在生物医学成像和光电器件等领域具有应用前景.     

ZnO纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其光催化性能的研究

以聚乙烯醇溶液为络合剂与醋酸锌反应制得前驱体溶液,采用静电纺丝法制备PVA/Zn(Ac)2复合纳米纤维,经过高温煅烧得到直径为100 nm的ZnO纳米纤维,采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉末衍射分析及扫描电镜等手段对其进行了表征.光催化降解酸性品红溶液的实验结果表明,太阳光照65 min使质量浓度为45 mg/L酸性品红水溶液的脱色率达93%;另外,重复使用ZnO纳米纤维4次之后,其光催化降解率仍能达到70%以上.这充分说明ZnO纳米纤维具有良好的光催化性能.     

基于聚乙烯醇聚合物点制备荧光纳米复合材料

近年来, 由于聚合物点(PDs)具有良好的荧光性质和光收集能力, 受到了人们广泛的关注, 应用在生物成像和检测等领域. 然而, 目前报道的聚合物点大多数是指共轭聚合物经过组装、固定形成的, 因此聚合物点保持着形成之前的共轭聚合物的相关性质, 且具有更好的稳定性和进一步功能化的能力. 本文中我们研究的聚合物点是指从非共轭线性聚合物为原料而制备的聚合物点, 这类聚合物包括聚环氧乙烯, 多糖等. 聚合物点不仅包含使其具有荧光的碳化中心, 还具有外围的聚合物链结构. 因此, 可以拓展应用聚合物点的聚合物特性. 我们利用PDs的荧光中心和外围的聚合物链双功能性质, 详细研究了基于PDs制备功能性纳米复合材料体系. 首先, 我们原位制备了聚乙烯醇/PDs纳米复合膜材料(PDs是直接通过聚乙烯醇可控碳化而产生的). 复合材料不仅保持了PDs的荧光特性, 还保持了聚乙烯醇易加工的特性, 如可以制备成纳米复合膜材料, PDs含量可以根据需要调控: 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. 纳米复合膜材料在不同激发光下具有多颜色发光性质. 进一步的, 我们验证了PDs水溶液可以和很多其他水溶性聚合物, 石墨烯量子点或半导体量子点实现共混, 从而制备双功能性纳米复合材料.     

十六烷基胺稳定的CdSe纳米晶体的合成与表征

用CdO通过高温化学方法制备了具有高发光特性的CdSe胶体纳米晶.通过改变配体十六烷基胺在反应体系中的含量,合成了3种不同粒径的CdSe纳米晶.利用TEM、XRD和光谱等手段对合成出来的CdSe纳米晶的形貌结构和发光特性进行了表征.结果表明,随着十六烷基胺在反应体系中量的增多,CdSe纳米晶的粒径增大.通过调整十六烷基胺在反应体系中的量可以方便地控制纳米晶的尺寸.     

利用水相合成的CdTe纳米晶构建超晶格结构研究--纳米晶聚集体的调控

用巯基丙酸作稳定剂,在水溶液中制备了CdTe纳米晶.通过加入Cd2+、聚丙烯酸(PAA)以及长期放置分别得到了CdTe纳米晶的聚集体,改变Cd2+浓度或PAA加入量可以调控聚集体的尺寸.过量的Cd2+加速了聚集体的形成,通过与纳米晶表面羧酸根的静电相互作用,Cd2+成为连接不同CdTe纳米晶的“桥梁”.PAA链上大量的羧基与CdTe纳米晶有较强的配位相互作用,可以诱导纳米晶聚集.新制CdTe纳米晶在长期放置时,表面的羧基与Cd2+的相互作用导致纳米晶逐渐聚集.在聚集过程中纳米晶表面结构得到改善,并引起荧光增强.这些结果表明通过控制各种聚集条件,可以得到不同尺寸的聚集体.     

PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维的制备及染料吸附性能

利用静电纺丝技术,以六氟异丙醇(HFIP)和水为溶剂,制备了环糊精(β-CD)含量为70%(质量分数)的聚乙烯醇(PVA)/β-CD纳米纤维,并经戊二醛(GA)交联处理得到了可用于染料吸附的PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维.通过红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜研究了交联反应前后纳米纤维组成和形貌的变化;考察了PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维对7种水溶性染料的吸附性能.结果表明,PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维对孔雀石绿、甲基紫和刚果红的吸附效果较好,最大吸附量分别为124.71,121.14和127.39 mg/g,4次吸附-解吸附循环后,染料去除率仍保持80%左右,在染料废水处理中具有良好的应用前景.     

Probing Absolute Electronic Energy Levels in Hg‐Doped CdTe Semiconductor Nanocrystals by Electrochemistry and Density Functional Theory

The absolute electronic energy levels in Hg‐doped CdTe semiconductor nanocrystals (CdHgTe NCs) with varying sizes/volumes and Hg contents are determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) ‐based calculations. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate several distinct characteristic features in the form of oxidation and reduction peaks in the voltammograms, where the peak positions are dependent on the volume of CdHgTe NCs as well as on their composition. The estimated absolute electronic energy levels for three different volumes, namely 22, 119 and 187 nm³ with 2.7±0.3 % of Hg content, show strong volume dependence. The volume‐dependent shift in the characteristic reduction and oxidation peak potential scan can be attributed to the alteration in the energetic band positions owing to the quantum confinement effect. Moreover, the composition (Cd/Hg=98.3/1.7 and 97.0/3.0) ‐dependent alteration in the electronic energy levels of CdHgTe NCs for two different samples with similar volumes (ca. 124±5 nm³) are shown. Thus obtained electronic energy level values of CdHgTe NCs as a function of volume and composition demonstrate good congruence with the corresponding absorption and emission spectral data, as well as with DFT‐based calculations. DFT calculations reveal that incorporation of Hg into CdTe NCs mostly affects the energy levels of conduction band edge, whereas the valence band edge remains almost unaltered.     

Novel flexible chemical gas sensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotube membrane

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes (PEDOT NTs) flexible membrane was successfully fabricated by vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) mediated electrospinning for ammonia gas detection. PVA nanofibers (NFs) were electrospun as a core part and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/PEDOT coaxial nanocables (NCs) were prepared by VDP method via EDOT monomer adsorption onto the electrospun PVA NFs as templates. To obtain the PEDOT NTs membrane, the PVA NFs were removed from PVA/PEDOT coaxial NCs with distilled water. PVA/PEDOT coaxial NCs and PEDOT NTs had the conductivities of 71 and 61 S cm⁻¹ and were applied as a transducer for ammonia gas detection in the range of 1-100 parts per million (ppm) of NH₃ gas. They exhibited the minimum detectable level of ca. 5 parts per million (ppm) and fast response time (less than 1 s) towards ammonia gas. In a recovery time, the PEDOT NTs membrane sensor was ca. 30 s and shorter compared to that of the membrane sensor based on the PVA/PEDOT NCs (ca. 50 s). In addition, sensor performance of PEDOT NTs membrane was also undertaken as a function of membrane thickness. Thick membrane sensor (30 μm) had the enhanced sensitivity and the sensitivity on the membrane thickness was in the order of 30 μm > 20 μm > 10 μm at 60 ppm of NH₃ gas.     

In situ growth of ZnO nanocrystals from solid electrospun nanofiber matrixes

Porous fiber membranes consisting of 1D assemblies of ZnO nanocrystal-supported poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers are described. These hybrid nanofiber membranes were assembled by first electrospinning a ZnO precursor-containing PVA aqueous solution. Subsequently, the electrospun composite nanofibers were submerged in a basic ethanol solution. As a result, ZnO precursors in solid PVA matrixes were hydrolyzed to generate ZnO crystals residing on the fiber surfaces. Photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the as-hydrolyzed fiber membranes possess white luminescence. Furthermore, the ZnO-encapsulated PVA nanofibers were prepared by directly electrospinning a ZnO nanocrystal-containing PVA solution as the contrast of the as-hydrolyzed hybrid nanofibers. The surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) confirmed that the as-hydrolyzed hybrid fiber membranes had a strong SPS response, but the directly spun fiber membranes did not have any SPS response. This can be attributed to the favorable structure of the hydrolyzed hybrid nanofibers, that is, the surface residence of ZnO permits ZnO crystals to make direct contact with ITO electrodes to transfer the photogenerated electron originating from ZnO to ITO electrodes. By contrast, the transfer of the photogenerated electron is limited by PVA matrixes in the directly spun fiber system.     

Photocrosslinked methacrylated chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffolds as potential skin substitute

Nanofibers based on natural polymers have recently been attracting research interest as promising materials for use as skin substitutes. Here, we prepared photocrosslinked nanofibrous scaffolds based on methacrylated chitosan (MACS) by photocrosslinking electrospun methacrylated chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) mats and subsequently removing PVA from the nanofibers. We comprehensively investigated the solution properties of MACS/PVA precursors, the intermolecular action between MACS and PVA components, and the morphology of MACS/PVA nanofibers. Results indicated that the fiber diameter and morphology of the photocrosslinked methacrylated chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffolds were controlled by the MACS/PVA mass ratio and showed highly micro-porous structures with many fibrils. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and cell culture experiments confirmed that MACS-based mats with micro-pore structure were biocompatible with L929 cells and facilitated cellular migration into the 3D matrix, demonstrating their potential application as skin replacements for wound repair.     

Ultrasonic treatment as recent and environmentally friendly route for the synthesis and characterization of polymer nanocomposite having PVA and biosafe BSA‐modified ZnO nanoparticles

The present study deals with the immobilization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as nanofiller inside poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by solution casting method which is a low‐cost, environmental‐friendly, and rapid method of sonochemistry. Firstly, the surface of ZnO NPs was treated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the phosphate‐buffered solution under ultrasonic cavitation. Three diverse polymeric nanocomposites (NCs) are formed by changing the percentage of ZnO@BSA NPs (3, 6, and 9 wt%) with same amount of PVA. The structure properties, morphology, and thermal stability of prepared NCs were determined through Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and optical UV‐Visible spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The presence and the dispersal of the ZnO@BSA NPs in the PVA matrix were recognized by TEM. In the X‐ray diffraction analysis, the values of mean particle size using Debye‐Scherrer equation were estimated in the range 4 to 6 nm that is almost in agreement with TEM analysis. Increase of 14% in thermal stability and also increase of more than 2‐fold of the tensile strength of PVA/ZnO@BSA NC 9 wt% in respect to the pure PVA showed that the modified NPs well dispersed within PVA and attached to it.     

Electrospun PVA Nanofibrous Membranes Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Cellulosic Fibers: Morphology and Antibacterial Property

To enhance the mechanical and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle impregnated cellulosic fibers, carboxy-cellulose nanocrystals(CCNs) were grafted with chitooligosaccharide(COS), which was used as a stabilizer for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanofibrous membranes reinforced with silver nanoparticle impregnated cellulosic fibers(CCN-COS-AgNP) were prepared via electrospinning using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as a matrix. The effects of CCN-COS-AgNP contents on the morphology, surface composition, mechanical properties, and antibacterial performances of the prepared CCN-COS-AgNP/PVA membranes were examined. The addition of CCN-COS-AgNP certainly improved the mechanical properties and antibacterial performances of the PVA nanofibers. The tensile strength was significantly increased from 4.40 MPa to 8.60 MPa when 8% CCN-COS-AgNP(mass ratio) was introduced. When 10%(mass ratio) CCN-COS-AgNP was added, the nanofibers showed an excellent antibacterial activity for S. aureus(Staphylococcus aureus) and E. coli(Escherichia coli), with the maximum inhibition zones of 2.30 and 1.60 cm, respectively. Moreover, the 2%(mass ratio) CCN-COS-AgNP/PVA fibrous membrane showed 126% cell viability for mg63 human osteoblasts. The electrospun PVA membrane has great potential application in biomedical field.     

Immobilization of cellulase in nanofibrous PVA membranes by electrospinning

Electrospinning is a nanofiber-forming process by which either polymer solution or melt is charged to high voltages. With high specific surface area and porous structure, electrospun fibrous membranes are excellent candidates for immobilization of enzymes. In this paper, immobilization of cellulase in nanofibrous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes was studied by electrospinning. PVA and cellulase were dissolved together in an acetic acid buffer (pH 4.6) and electrospun into nanofibers with diameter of around 200 nm. The nanofibrous membranes were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor and examined catalytic efficiency for biotransformations. The activity of immobilized cellulase in PVA nanofibers was over 65% of that of the free enzyme. Nanofibers were superior to casting films from the same solution for immobilization of cellulase. The activity of immobilized cellulase descended with ascending in enzyme loading efficiency and crosslinking time, which retained 36% its initial activity after six cycles of reuse.     

Preparation and study of PPV/PVA nanofibers via electrospinning PPV precursor alcohol solution

We have found a simple method to prepare poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) nanofibers via electrospinning PPV precursor alcohol solution under annealed at 180 °C in a N₂ atmosphere. The nanofibers are uniform in diameter and long in decimeter magnitudes with resistance in decay, which makes them have potential applications in optical and electronic devices. The morphology can be better controlled by blend PPV precursor solution with poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution. The fluorescence spectrum of PPV/PVA nanofibers exhibited appreciable blue shift, which made it possible to fabricate nanofibers with fluorescence from yellow-green to blue.     

Thermal,morphological, and mechanical properties of ethyl vanillin immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol by electrospinning process

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers with ethyl vanillin as an active compound were prepared using electrospinning technique. The final products of electrospinning process were in the form of nanofibers films. PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibers, having fibers diameters in the range 100–1700 nm, were successfully electrospun from ethanol/water mixture of PVA and ethyl vanillin. The effects of immobilization process on ethyl vanillin thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of DSC showed significant influence of immobilization process on thermal properties of ethyl vanillin. It was noticed that melting point of immobilized ethyl vanillin was lower (~55 °C) compared to free flavor (~77 °C). Our results showed that films based on PVA/ethyl vanillin nanofibers are mechanically stable.