气相色谱专家系统的进展

综述了国家色谱研究分析中心在气相色谱专家系统方面的进展,着重于色谱分离模式的推荐、气相色谱柱系统的推荐、气相色谱操作条件的最佳化、气相色谱在线定性定量分析四个方面;列举了在石化部门和环境监测中气相色谱专家系统应用的大量成功实例,以说明软件的实用性。     

气相色谱专家系统柱推荐软件之四——无机气体和轻烃采用气相色谱分析时最佳固定相的推荐软件

 ]本文给出了色谱专家系统中形无机气体和轻烃采用气相色潜分析时固定相的推荐软件。讨论了知识的获取和表达。给出了使用所发展的软件推荐固定相的两个实际例子。     

药物气相色谱分析专家系统

介绍了药物气相色谱分析专家系统的方法发展流程、总体逻辑结构及设计方法,并给出了2个应用实例。该系统具有文献检索、分离模式判断、柱系统推荐、衍生化方法推荐、色谱条件和衍生化条件优化、样品预处理方法推荐、定性定量分析、知识获取等功能。     

近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅲ)

对近两年国内各个领域的学者在气相色谱方面的研究和应用作了综述,本综述分3部分叙述,本篇为第 部分,包括:8.气相色谱在食品功效成分和其他成分分析中的应用,9.气相色谱酒分析中的应用,1 0 .气相色谱在污染物分析中的应用,1 1 .气相色谱在石油、石油化工分析中的应用,1 2 .气相色谱在化学品生产分析中的应用     

国内气相色谱近年的进展

本文对近三年国内学者在气相色谱方面的研究和应用作了综述 ,国内学者的研究基本和国际上气相色谱方面的研究类似 ,在全二维气相色谱、快速气相色谱 ,微型气相色谱仪、新型气相色谱固定相和色谱柱的溶胶 凝胶涂渍技术领域的研究方面作出了贡献。有关气相色谱的应用研究中 ,介绍了大量在药物分析、食品分析、环境分析、石油和石化分析和化工产品及高聚物分析等领域中应用的题目和摘要     

气相色谱专家系统柱推荐软件之三——有机组分分析时最佳固定相的推荐软件

]介绍了在气相色谱柱系统推荐专家系统中对有机组分采用气相色谱分析推荐固定相的软件。对其中的知识表达和推理机设计进行了详细的讨论。     

气相色谱柱内过程模拟和条件优化软件

各种已有的色谱模拟程序软件多用于描述谱峰的流出状况,对于实际样品在柱内的运动过程则缺乏关注。随着多维色谱技术的发展和色谱教学工作的深入,愈来愈多的人需要定量并形象地了解组分在柱内运动过程状况,特别是它们在气相色谱非等温(或液相色谱非等度)条件下的行为。计算机技术的发展为这一工作的研究提供了有力的工具。     

气相色谱专家系统中柱系统的推荐

本文给出气相色谱专家系统中柱系统推荐软件的总体结构和设计及一个运用所研制的软件进行咨询的例子。用户只要回答与样品中组分结构有关的几个关键问题,软件即可对样品可否采用气相色谱法进行判断和对气相色谱柱系统进行推荐。从初步使用和验证来看,本系统是成功的。     

国内石化分析中的气相色谱技术进展

气相色谱(GC)技术在石化分析领域的应用是较为普及的,随着气相色谱技术本身的不断成熟,其在石化分析中的应用也日益普遍。以标准化专用色谱柱和多维色谱切换技术为基础,针对行业特定应用需求开发各种专用色谱分析系统和应用包,是近年来石化分析领域色谱技术应用的一个显著特点。这是专业化分工与商品化服务结合后给色谱技术工业化应用带来的新气象,可最大限度地降低对操作人员的技术要求、促进分析系统开发的专业分工。与这种趋势相应,国内石化行业的GC应用工作也有同样的特点。总体来看,专用系统的硬件平台以国外主要仪器生产厂的产…     

快速气相色谱研究

近年来快速气相色谱（HSGC）技术备受关注。本文根据色谱理论和实际应用中的特点对其进行了系统的分类和评价,阐述了如何针对具体样品选择分析方法和通过调整仪器的配置、参数以及性能来实现特定的快速分析。最后提出了HSGC未来的发展趋势。     

快速气相色谱研究

近年来快速气相色谱(HSGC)技术备受关注。本文根据色谱理论和实际应用中的特点对其进行了系统的分类和评价,阐述了如何针对具体样品选择分析方法和通过调整仪器的配置、参数以及性能来实现特定的快速分析。最后提出了HSGC未来的发展趋势。     

Compehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and its applicability to the characterization of complex (petrochemical) mixtures

In general, petrochemical products contain only a limited number of chemical classes of compounds (sample dimensionality). The enormous number of individual components within these classes, however, soon puts limitations upon a single chromatographic technique when it comes to adequate characterization of these products. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) clearly opens the possibility of estimating the composition of hydrocarbon mixtures in a far more detailed fashion than hitherto possible. Although the emphasis of papers of GCxGC thus far almost exclusively applies to the unsurpassed peak-capacity, in the oil industry there is a need for characterization, rather than for analyzing all the individual compounds. In principle a GCxGC system can provide an almost perfect match between its intrinsic properties and the dimensionality of oil samples. To establish the applicability of GCxGC towards petrochemical analytical challenges, a commercially aavailable prototype instrument was subjected to an exhaustive characterization of a typical hydrocarbon precess stream and a fast characterization of a light gas oil. Although there are no fundamental limitations towards the quantitative aspects of a GCxGC system, this paper confines itself to qualitative results only. Quantitative aspects of GCxGC will be published in a forthcoming paper.     

通过实验教学加深对理论知识的理解——以“气相色谱实验”教学为例

仪器分析是化学专业学生的必修课,其中涉及的基本概念原理比较抽象、难以理解。将理论知识与实验教学相结合可加深学生对理论知识的理解。本文以气相色谱实验为例,通过研究实验条件如柱温、载气流量、进样量以及毛细管气相色谱分流比对分离度的影响,帮助学生理解书本知识,同时也培养了学生科研思维以及分析问题、解决问题的能力。     

Applications of resistive heating in gas chromatography: A review

Gas chromatography is widely applied to separate, identify, and quantify components of samples in a timely manner. Increasing demand for analytical throughput, instrument portability, environmental sustainability, and more economical analysis necessitates the development of new gas chromatography instrumentation. The applications of resistive column heating technologies have been espoused for nearly thirty years and resistively heated gas chromatography has been commercially available for the last ten years. Despite this lengthy period of existence, resistively heated gas chromatography has not been universally adopted. This low rate of adoption may be partially ascribed to the saturation of the market with older convection oven technology, coupled with other analytical challenges such as sampling, injection, detection and data processing occupying research. This article assesses the advantages and applications of resistive heating in gas chromatography and discusses practical considerations associated with adoption of this technology.     

Recent advances of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques are favored because of their high efficiency and fast analysis speed. Although many sample preparation techniques have been coupled with common liquid chromatography online, the online coupling of sample preparation with the two popular chromatography techniques have gained increasing attention owing to the increasing requirements of efficiency and sensitivity. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the recent advances of the online coupling of sample preparation with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography techniques. The main sample preparation techniques that have been coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography online are solid‐phase extraction and in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction, while solid‐phase extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are the main techniques that have been coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography online. Especially, the strategies for online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques were summarized. Typical applications and growing trends of the online coupling techniques were also discussed in detail. With the increasing demands of improving the efficiency, throughput, and analytical capability toward complex samples of the analysis methods, online coupling of sample preparation with chromatography techniques will acquire further development.     

A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids

Berberine alkaloids, a group of protoberberine alkaloids under the classification of isoquinoline alkaloids, include berberine, coptisine, palmatine, columbamine, dehydrocorydaline, jatrorrhizine, and epiberberine from natural sources. Studies have shown that berberine alkaloids have various pharmacological functions, such as antibacterial, antiviral, blood pressure‐lowering, hypoglycaemic, antiarrhythmia, and anticancer effects. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop analytical methods to investigate the pharmacokinetics and activity mechanisms of berberine alkaloids and to study berberine alkaloids more comprehensively. Current analytical methods for berberine alkaloids include liquid chromatography, thin‐layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, and gas chromatography. The most widely used detection method is mass spectrometry. In order to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary and to serve as a reference for the future pharmacokinetics studies and analysis of berberine alkaloids, analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids that have been used in the past ten years are reviewed here.     

全二维气相色谱技术及其进展

 许多分析问题的解决需要得到比一维色谱技术能提供的更高的分辨率。分离能力可通过使用多种分离技术或机理的组合来增强。此时 ,样品被分散在不同的时间维 ,最终的分辨率强烈地依赖于这些维间分离特性的差异。当它们之间没有关联 ,也即相互间正交时 ,系统可获得最高的分辨率。全二维气相色谱 (GC×GC)提供了一个真正的正交分离系统。它把分离机理不同而又互相独立的两支色谱柱以串联方式结合组成二维气相色谱。在这两支色谱柱之间装有的一个调制器起捕集再传送的作用。全二维色谱的峰容量为组成它的两支色谱柱各自峰容量的乘积。     

Analysis of post-Byzantine icons from the Church of the Assumption in Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece: a multi-method approach

A multi-method approach has been developed for the characterisation of the proteinaceous binding media, drying oils and pigments present in samples from the panel paintings of the Church of the Assumption in Cephalonia (Ionian Islands, Greece). The analytical protocol involved the use of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The identification of the pigments was achieved by SEM/EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The latter technique was also used for the detection of the binding media, while their characterisation was achieved by gas chromatographic analysis of ethyl chloroformate derivatives. The aim of this multi-method protocol was to obtain as much information as possible from the panel paintings of the Church of the Assumption, through non-destructive methods, before proceeding to gas chromatography. Little scientific information is available for the understanding of the construction technique and the materials used by the post-Byzantine artists and whatever is available comes mainly from artists’ manuals. One of the aims of this paper is to provide a scientific background to the technology of the Ionian post-Byzantine icons.     

Determination of sulfur components in natural gas: A review

More stringent environmental regulations as well as higher demands presently being imposed on the sulfur content of natural gas feed-stocks for chemical processes necessitate the development of new analytical procedures for sulfur determination in natural gas. Only analytical procedures based on gas chromatography can meet the sensitivity and accuracy requirements dictated by environmental regulation institutions and modern chemical industry. The complexity of the natural gas matrix as well as the extremely low concentration levels at which the sulfur species occur make the development of these analytical methods a true challenge. In this review the three steps common for analytical methods for trace analysis in complex matrices, i.e. pretreatment, chromatographic separation, and detection, are discussed in detail. Possible methods for calibration of the system are discussed in the final section. Various techniques to determine sulfur in natural gas are described. Depending on the application, the most suitable system has to be selected. For example, for on-line application in a hazardous area a simple and rugged system is required, i.e. a simple gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector, while for laboratory application a more complex instrument including preconcentration, column switching, and more exotic detection systems could be more suitable. Therefore it is crucial to define the requirements of the instrument at an early stage and use the information in this review article to develop/select a dedicated instrument/procedure for the problem at hand.