痕量镉测定方法的最新进展

评述了近年来国内外分析痕量镉的进展,包括分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电化学分析法等,并对痕量镉测定方法的发展作出阐述（引用文献87篇）。     

铕测定方法的近期进展

对铕测定方法的近期进展作了评述，涉及的测定方法有荧光光度法、吸光光度法、原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、X-射线荧光光谱法、质谱法及伏安法等。还对该领域的研究动态作了简要讨论（引述文献59篇）。     

六价铬测定方法的进展

文章阐述了2000-2007年来国内外Cr(Ⅵ)的测定方法,包括分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电化学分析法等.引用文献49篇.     

镀金石英砂吸附大气中痕量汞的直接测定方法

采用镀金石英砂来富集大气中的气态总汞,AMA(advanced m ercury analyzer)254测汞仪测定。结果表明,不同采样时间下的单级吸附管的吸附效率均在90%以上,采样40 m in时的相对标准偏差为5%左右。与巯基棉吸附及吸收液吸收方法的对比显示该方法具有吸收效果好、多次采样的精密度高、操作简便并且可以再生重复使用等优点。运用该法对上海徐家汇等几个地点的大气总汞进行了测定。     

痕量汞分析的现状和展望

本文着重对汞的分离富集、形态分析、测定方法进行了评述,并讨论了汞分析方法的标准化问题。共引用文献82篇。     

地质样品中氯的测定方法的近期进展

对地质样品中氯的测定方法,包括其样品的前处理方法在近十年中的研究进展作了综述。涉及的样品前处理方法有浸提法、碱熔融法、半熔法、水蒸气蒸馏法及高温水解法等;涉及的测定方法包括分光光度法、离子选择性电极法、离子色谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法及中子活化法等。并对这方面的发展前景作了简要的展望(引用文献91篇)。     

催化光度法测定水中痕量汞

痕量汞的存在对在稀硝酸介质中亚铁氰化钾及1,10-二氮菲之间的反应有明显的催化作用,在508 nm波长处测定催化体系及非催化体系的吸光度A及A0并计算其吸光度差△A,该体系的△A与相应汞的质量浓度从2.0×10-3～6.4×10-2 mg·L-1之间呈线性关系(r=0.987 6),其摩尔吸光率为5.92×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.对一件水样按此方法测定其汞含量,测得结果的RSD(n=6)值为0.134%.按标准加入法进行了回收率试验,所得结果在97.5%～102.7%之间.     

邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯分光 光度法测定痕量汞(Ⅱ)

研究了邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯(O-HDAA)与汞(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在TritonX-100存在下,于pH10.0的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,汞(Ⅱ)与试剂形成1∶2的稳定橙红色配合物,其最大吸收波长位于520nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.74×105L     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量砷和汞

研究了用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量坤和汞，此法是在盐酸介质中，以硼氢化钾作还原剂，将被测元素转化为挥发性氢化物，以高纯氩气作为载气将挥发性氢化物从母液中分离，并导入石英炉原子化器中原子化，以特种空心阴极灯作激发光源，激发被测元素原子发出荧光，荧光强度值在一定范围内与被测元素的浓度成正比。该法灵敏度高，精密度好，准确度高，砷和汞的检出限分别为0．0618和0．0158μg.L^-。     

Determination of Trace Amounts of Vanadium by Kinetic-Catalytic Spectrophotometric Methods

Kinetic-catalytic spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of trace amounts of vanadium element as vanadium（Ⅳ） and/or V（Ⅴ） ions. The vanadium（Ⅳ） as VO^2＋ ion and/or vanadium（Ⅴ） as VO3^- ion showed a catalytic effect on the kinetic reactions between a color reagent such as methylthymol blue （MTB） or SPADNS and bromate in acidic media. The rate of decrease in the absorbance of the reagent MTB at 440 nm or SPADNS at 510 nm was proportional to concentration of V（Ⅳ） and/or V（Ⅴ） ions in the solution. The linear ranges for determination of vanadium were obtained in the range of 1.0-150 and 5.0-100.0 μg/L by the fixed-time and slope methods, respectively, with using MTB as reagent. In the presence of SPADNS as reagent, the calibration curves were made in the amplitude 1.0-200.0 and 5.0-150 μg/L of vanadium ion by the fixed-time and slope methods, respectively. Using fixed-time method, the limits of detection were obtained to be 0.5 and 0.7 μg/L of vanadium in the presence of MTB and SPADNS as reagents, respectively. Detection limits of vanadium by slope method and reagents of SPADNS and MTB were obtained to be 3.5 and 3.8 μg/L of vanadium, respectively. The proposed methods were applied successfully to determination of vanadium in synthetic and real samples.     

Solid-Phase Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Mercury in Natural Samples

A sensitive and selective solid phase spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of inorganic mercury is described. Hg²⁺ was sorbed on a silica gel-packed column as an Hg²⁺–N,N-bis(2-mercaptophenyl)ethanediamide (H₂L) complex. The Hg²⁺ complex was eluted from the column using 7mL of acetone. Various parameters including pH, column flow rate, and ligand concentration were optimized. The complex was found to obey Beers law from 2.3 to 73.7µgmL^–1 within the optimum range when the preconcentration factor was two. The effective molar absorption coefficient at 523nm was 1.17×10³Lmol^–1cm^–1 at 523nm. The concentration limits in Beers law dropped from 0.09 to 2.95µgmL^–1 within the optimum range when the preconcentration factor was 50. The relative standard deviation at a concentration level of 5µgmL^–1 Hg²⁺ (9 repetitive determinations) was 1.6%. The detection limits are 0.34µgmL^–1 and 0.015µgmL^–1 when the preconcentration factors are 2 and 50, respectively. The method has been used for routine determination of trace levels of Hg²⁺ in natural waters. The potential application of this method for the removal of Hg²⁺ from natural samples (sea water and lake water) spiked with 100ngmL^–1 of Hg²⁺ was studied. In order to validate the proposed method, LGC 6156 (harbour sediment – extractable metals) was analysed by this method. The results proved that excellent extraction of Hg²⁺ from both natural water samples was obtained by solid phase extraction using N,N-bis(2-mercaptophenyl) ethanediamide.     

硫氰酸盐-罗丹明B-聚乙烯醇光度法在水相中测定微量汞

在聚乙烯醇存在下,汞与硫氰酸盐和罗丹明B形成多元离子缔合物,在620nm处有最大吸收波长、0～6μgHg/25ml范围内服从比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.19×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。方法灵敏度高,选择性好,操作简便,可直接在水相中测定微量汞。     

聚苯基荧光酮修饰玻碳电极吸附溶出伏安法测定痕量汞

研究利用聚苯基荧光酮修饰玻碳电极测定痕量汞的溶出伏安法,在0.1 mol.L-1氨水-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中(pH 9.5),开路搅拌,Hg(Ⅱ)富集于修饰电极表面,通过介质交换至0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液中,于-0.40 V还原后阳极化线性扫描,在0 V左右处获得一灵敏汞的溶出峰。其氧化峰电流与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度在9.0×10-8~8.0×10-7mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,开路富集5 min,检出限达2.0×10-8mol.L-1。应用此方法于尿液中汞的测定,所得平均RSD值小于4.02%,回收率试验结果在98.4%~103.2%间。     

Determination of Sulfur in Trace Amounts

Abstract

An absolute method for the determination of trace amounts of sulfur in water and organic matrices is described. The method involves decomposition of organic samples in an oxygen bomb or oxidation of water samples with hydrogen peroxide. The resultant sulfates are reduced and distilled as hydrogen sulfide by the action of stannous phosphate in anhydrous phosphoric acid. The evolved hydrogen sulfide is absorbed in zinc acetate solution, converted to methylene blue and measured spectrophotometrically at 665 mm. The range is from 2 to 40 μg of sulfur using 1 cm cells.     

痕量汞、氰化物及硫化物的冷原子荧光测定

本文介绍用冷原子荧光法测定汞、间接测定氰化物及硫化物的条件,干扰情况及干扰的消除。样品取自太湖底泥,结果表明,汞的标准偏差为0.0033,变异系数为9.4%,平均回收率为102%,可检出0.2ppb的汞量;氰化物的标准偏差为0.40,变异系数为8.3%,平均回收率为87%,可检出0.25ppb的CN~-;硫化物的标准偏差为3.0,变异系数为6.5%,可检出2ppb的S~-。     

Spectrophotmetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde

Abstract

Colourless silver (I)-gelatin complex is quantitatively reduced by formaldehyde to yellov/ silver sol in the presence of 10 U NaQH at room temperature. The determination of formaldehyde at microgram level is possible at 440 nm in the presence of methanol, ethanol, acetone and also in the presence of various reducing agents. The molar absorptivity of the 4 -1 -1 solution is 2.16 × 10 lit mol cm with a relative standard deviation of 0.105%, a confidence limit (for 10 determinations)of 0.9 ± 0.0006 and Sandell sensitivity 1.38 × 10 μg cm^?2.