不同Fe(Ⅲ)化合物与ClO-热溶液中化学反应的跟踪观察

采用分光光度法跟踪5种不同的Fe(Ⅲ)化合物分别与高碱度NaClO溶液共热到80 ℃时所发生的变化，发现Fe(Ⅲ)首先被氧化为Fe(Ⅵ)；在聚合硫酸铁、六氟合铁酸钾和氢氧化铁参与的反应体系中，Fe(Ⅵ)在分解生成Fe(OH)₃沉淀的同时，还有Fe(Ⅵ)紫色溶液变成Fe(Ⅳ)绿色溶液的反应存在；在硝酸铁和三氯化铁参与的反应体系中，只有Fe(Ⅵ)分解生成Fe(OH)₃沉淀的反应存在。在反应过程中，聚合硫酸铁、硝酸铁所参与的反应体系中，前者生成Fe(Ⅳ)溶液浓度最高：1.25 × 10^-3 mol·L^-1，后者生成Fe(Ⅵ)溶液浓度最高：0.23 mol·L^-1。     

溶液中Fe(Ⅵ)向Fe(Ⅳ)转化反应的分光光度法跟踪

Fe(Ⅵ)化合物因其强氧化性所展现的光明应用前景,正成为研究热点[1].相比之下,对Fe(Ⅳ)化合物人们却知之不多.据文献[2]报道,Fe(Ⅵ)化合物在高碱度溶液中呈绿色,且能稳定存在.通常被称作高铁酸盐的FeⅥ)化合物在碱性溶液中以FeO42-形式存在而呈紫色,高浓度时不稳定,在酸、碱介质中均会分解放出氧气并生成Fe3+或Fe(OH)3.本文采用分光光度法跟踪监测碱性溶液中Fe(Ⅵ)化合物的分解过程,发现除生成Fe(OH)3外,还有Fe(Ⅳ)化合物的绿色溶液生成.在此基础上,对完成这一转化的条件进行了研究,取得了有益的结果,从而深化了对Fe(Ⅵ)和Fe(Ⅳ)化合物重要性质的认识.     

溶液中Fe(VI)向Fe(IV)转化反应的分光光度法跟踪

Different concentrations of ferrate(VI) with ClO^- and without ClO^- in alkaline solution were traced by visible spectrometry, and the conversion reaction of Fe(VI) to Fe(IV) was found to exist, in condition that c was ≥ 6 mol·L^-1. ClO^- would slow down the decomposition reaction rate of Ferrate(VI) and increase the product concentration of Fe(IV) in the system.     

Fe(Ⅲ)分光光度法测定盐酸氯丙嗪

建立了以Fe(Ⅲ)为氧化剂分光光度法测定盐酸氯丙嗪的方法。在盐酸介质中,Fe(Ⅲ)将盐酸氯丙嗪氧化形成一种红色化合物,该化合物的最大吸收波长位于525 nm,其摩尔吸光系数ε=1.05×104 L/(mol·cm)。盐酸氯丙嗪的质量浓度在0~20.0 mg/L范围内与体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 2,加标回收率为94.0%~100.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.55%~1.42%(n=6)。该法灵敏度较高、选择性及重现性良好,可用于药品和血清中盐酸氯丙嗪的测定。     

Fe(Ⅲ)-XO-OP胶束增敏光度法测定水中的痕量Fe(Ⅲ)

以HAc -NaAc为缓冲溶液 (pH =3.2 ) ,二甲酚橙与铁形成紫红色的配合物 ,最大吸收波长为 5 70nm ,在表面活性剂OP存在时 ,配合物的最大吸收波长红移至 5 90nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数由 3.0 4× 10 4L/ (mol·cm)增至 3.6 7×10 5L/ (mol·cm) ,铁的质量浓度在 0～ 2 0 .0 μg/ (2 5mL)内符合比耳定律。该法用于水样中微量铁的测定 ,铁的回收率为 99.8%～ 10 0 .2 % ,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0 .16 0 %～ 0 .16 6 %。     

混合显色剂H点标准加入法同时测定水中的Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)

建立H点标准加入法同时测定水中Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的分光光度法。选择磺基水杨酸一邻菲罗啉混合显色剂作为显色体系,在合适的波长条件下,Fe(Ⅱ)与Fe(Ⅲ)的浓度比为1：15—10：1时均可以利用该方法同时准确测定Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)。对环境水样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．87％-4．57％,回收率为97．35％-104．50％。     

微乳液介质—5—Br—PADAP光度法测定微量Fe（Ⅲ）的研究

研究了在十二烷基磺酸钠-正丁醇-正庚烷-水构成的阴离子型微乳液中,5-Br-PADAP与Fe(Ⅲ)的显色反应.显色反应可在室温下进行,最大吸收波长为555nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为8.06×10~4.可准确测定菱镁矿中的铁和汽油中的环烷酸铁.     

对乙酰氨基酚在Fe（Ⅲ）／草酸盐体系中的光降解

药品和个人护理用品(Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products,简称PPCPs)作为潜在环境污染物,在近几年成为新的环境热点问题[1,2].对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)作为一种典型的药品和个人护理用品被用作阿司匹林的替代物,主要起到减轻疼痛的作用.     

偶氮氯膦Ⅲ双波长分光光度法测定奶粉中的Fe(Ⅲ)

在酸性介质中,Fe(Ⅲ)与偶氮氯膦Ⅲ反应生成具有明显正吸收峰和负吸收峰的螯合物,最大正吸收波长位于670nm,最大负吸收波长位于530nm,用双波长叠加测定,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为5.93×10~4 L/(mol·cm),线性范围为0.2~2.00mg/L,探讨了适宜的反应条件、考察了准确度、精密度及选择性。该方法用于奶粉中Fe(Ⅲ)的测定,结果令人满意。     

SO2与Fe2O3生成Fe（Ⅱ）（aq）和硫酸盐的复相反应机理

使用DR IFTS,XPS,HPLC和IC考察了常温、常压和氧气存在下SO2与Fe2O3的复相反应,结果表明,SO2在Fe2O3表面的反应活性与Fe2O3表面含水量密切相关,表面含水量增加有助于Fe(Ⅱ)(aq)和硫酸盐的生成.室温下(T=291 K,相对湿度68%),每毫克Fe2O3在30 m in内可消耗53.6μg SO2,生成12.6 ngFe(Ⅱ)(aq)和56.2μg SO42-.反应产物SO42-的浓度比Fe(Ⅱ)(aq)的浓度高3个数量级,表明在生成硫酸盐的复相反应中铁对SO2氧化具有非常高的催化活性.提出了Fe(Ⅱ)(aq)和硫酸盐的生成机理.     

二氮杂菲分光光度法分析温泉水中铁的价态

使用UV–2100型分光光度计,在二氮杂菲质量浓度为1 g/L、乙酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 4.2)用量为10 m L、显色时间为15 min的条件下,于510 nm处对温泉水中铁的价态进行分析。Fe(Ⅱ)测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.61%(n=20),被测温泉水中总铁加标回收率为98.42%~104.36%,Fe(Ⅱ)的加标回收率为95.25%~102.88%。该法可用于温泉水中铁的价态分析。     

头孢噻肟钠与茜素的显色反应及其分析应用

在pH6.5～8.7的条件下,头孢噻肟钠(CEFS)与茜素(ALZ)反应生成具有正吸收峰和负吸收峰的玫瑰红色络合物,最大正吸收波长位于538nm,最大负吸收波长位于446nm,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.33×104L.mol-1.cm-1(正吸收)和1.78×104L.mol-1.cm-1(负吸收),线性范围为0.2～9.2mg/L(正吸收)和0.2～8.2mg/L(负吸收)。当用正负光吸收叠加时,灵敏度更高。头孢噻肟钠在一定浓度范围内遵从朗伯-比尔定律,由此建立了测定头孢噻肟钠的光度分析法,并探讨了适宜的反应条件、主要分析化学性质及络合比。该法用于市售头孢噻肟钠药物含量的测定,结果满意。     

硝酸银溶液与碘化钾溶液反应的实验探究与思考

通过实验探究得出,硝酸银溶液与碘化钾溶液直接混合时,发生生成碘化银沉淀的复分解反应,而通过带盐桥的原电池,阻止离子接触时,则发生氧化还原反应。并从化学热力学和动力学方面对其反应机理进行了分析。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Sarcosine by Diperiodatocuprate(III) Complex in Alkaline Medium

The kinetics of oxidation of sarcosine by diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) was studied with spectrophotometry in a temperature range of 292.2–304.2 K. The reaction between diperiodatocuprate(III) and sarcosine in alkaline medium exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry (DPC:sarcosine). The reaction was found to be first order with respect to both DPC and sarcosine. The observed rate constant (k_obs) decreased with the increase of the [IO^?₄], decreased with the increase of the [OH^?], and then increased with the increase of the [OH^?] after a turning point. There was no salt effect, and free radicals were detected. Based on the experimental results, a mechanism involving the diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) as the reactive species of the oxidant has been proposed. The activation parameters, as well as the rate constants of the rate‐determining step, have been calculated.     

邻菲啰啉-Fe(Ⅱ)分光光度法测定头孢唑啉钠

建立了用邻菲啰啉-Fe(Ⅱ)分光光度法测定头孢唑啉钠的方法 .头孢唑啉钠在0.10mol·L-1 NaOH溶液中,100℃水浴加热降解为含巯基的化合物.巯基化合物把Fe3+还原为Fe2+.加入邻菲啰啉显色,通过测定生成的橘红色配位化合物的吸光度间接测定头孢唑啉钠的含量.头孢唑啉钠浓度在0.02~40mg·L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.043c(mg·L-1)-0.001,相关系数R=0.998 8,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.05×104 L·(mol·cm)-1,相对标准偏差RSD=1.27%,检测限(3σ/k)0.065mg·L-1.在此基础上,测定了市售头孢唑啉钠粉针剂的含量,回收率在99.17%~101.2%之间,结果令人满意.     

Europium is Different: Solvent and Ligand Effects on Oxidation State Outcomes and C-F Activation in Reactions Between Europium Metal and Pentafluorophenylsilver

Unique outcomes have emerged from the redox transmetallation/ protolysis (RTP) reactions of europium metal with [Ag(C₆F₅)(py)] (py=pyridine) and pyrazoles (RR′pzH). In pyridine, a solvent not normally used for RTP reactions, the products were mainly Eu^II complexes, [Eu(RR′pz)₂(py)₄] (RR′pz=3,5-diphenylpyrazolate (Ph₂pz) 1 ; 3-(2-thienyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazolate (ttfpz) 2 ; 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazolate (PhMepz) 3 ). However, use of 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazole (tBu₂pzH) gave trivalent [Eu(tBu₂pz)₃(py)₂] 4 , whereas the bulkier N,N′-bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)formamidine (DFFormH) gave divalent [Eu(DFForm)₂(py)₃] 5 . In tetrahydrofuran (thf), the usual solvent for RTP reactions, C−F activation was observed for the first time with [Ag(C₆F₅)(py)] in such reactions. Thus trivalent [{Eu₂(Ph₂pz)₄(py)₄(thf)₂(μ-F)₂}{Eu₂(Ph₂pz)₄(py)₂(thf)₄(μ-F)₂}] ( 6 ), [Eu₂(ttfpz)₄(py)₂(dme)₂(μ-F)₂] ( 7 ), [Eu₂(tBu₂pz)₄(dme)₂(μ-F)₂] ( 8 ) were obtained from the appropriate pyrazoles, the last two after crystallization from 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme). Surprisingly 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Me₂pzH) gave the divalent cage [Eu₆(Me₂pz)₁₀(thf)₆(μ-F)₂] ( 9 ). This has a compact ovoid core held together by bridging fluoride, thf, and pyrazolate ligands, the last including the rare μ₄-1η⁵(N₂C₃): 2η²(N,N′): 3κ(N): 4κ(N′) pyrazolate binding mode. With the bulky N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidine (DippFormH), which often favours C−F activation in RTP reactions, neither oxidation to Eu^III nor C−F activation was observed and [Eu(DippForm)₂(thf)₂] ( 10 ) was isolated. By contrast, Eu reacted with Bi(C₆F₅)₃ and Ph₂pzH or tBu₂pzH in thf without C−F activation, to give [Eu(Ph₂pz)₂(thf)₄] ( 11 ) and [Eu(tBu₂pz)₃(thf)₂] ( 12 ) respectively, the oxidation state outcomes corresponding to that for use of [Ag(C₆F₅)(py)] in pyridine.     

探究二氧化硫在盐酸中分别与铜单质、二价铜离子、氯化铁溶液的反应*

通过实验发现:SO₂在盐酸中既能将Cu单质氧化为+1价铜的化合物,也能把Cu²⁺还原为+1价铜的化合物,且发现SO₂将Cu单质氧化或将Cu²⁺还原都需要有Cl^-来参与反应,其反应机理需要通过SO₂和FeCl₃的反应(I^-催化)来进一步探究。这几个探究实验皆易于操作与观察,具有显著的实验表征,有利于从宏观辨识深入到微观探析的过程。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol Monoethylether by Diperiodatonickelate（IV） in Alkaline Medium

The kinetics of oxidation of ethylene glycol monoethylether (EGE) by diperiodatonickelate(IV) ion (DPN) was studied by spectrophotometry in alkaline medium. The reaction rate showed first order dependence on Ni(IV) and positive fractional order with respect to EGE. The pseudo-first order rate conslants, kobs increased with the increase of [OH^-] and decreased with the increase of [IO4^- ]. Added salts had little effect on the rate and no free radical was detected. Based on these,the mechanism including the equilibrium between DPN and EGE was proposed. Furthermore, the activation parameters of the reaction were calculated.